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199 relations: Abhidharma, Abhiyaza, Agriculture, Alaungsithu, Alchemy, Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh, Ananda Temple, Anawrahta, Andhra Pradesh, Angkor, Animism, Arakan Mountains, Ari Buddhism, Assembly of the Union, Astrology, Bagan, Baluster, Bamar people, Battle of Ngasaunggyan, Beikthano, Bhamo, Bodawpaya, British rule in Burma, Buddhaghoṣa, Buddhist cosmology, Bupaya Pagoda, Burmese calendar, Burmese chronicles, Burmese kyat, Burmese language, Burmese monarchs' family tree, Burmese script, Cavalry, Champa, Chao Phraya River, Chin Hills, Chola dynasty, Cultural hegemony, Culture of Myanmar, D. G. E. Hall, Dhammayangyi Temple, Dhammayazika Pagoda, Droit du seigneur, Dvaravati, First Mongol invasion of Burma, Gansu, Gautama Buddha, Gawdawpalin Temple, Gordon Luce, Hanlin, Burma, ..., Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hariphunchai, Hinduism, Historical Vedic religion, History of Myanmar, Hmannan Yazawin, Htilominlo, Htilominlo Temple, Htin Aung, Irrawaddy River, Jataka tales, Java, Kaifeng, Kakusandha Buddha, Kanyaza Gyi, Kanyaza Nge, Kassapa Buddha, Katha, Myanmar, Khmer Empire, Kingdom of Ava, Kingdom of Mrauk U, Koṇāgamana Buddha, Konbaung dynasty, Kosala, Kublai Khan, Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu, Kyansittha, Kyaswa, Kyaukpyu District, Kyaukse, Kyaukse District, Kyaw Thet, Kyawswa of Pagan, Kyiso, Lan Na, Lan Xang, Lawkananda Pagoda, Lingua franca, List of rulers of Martaban, Lower Myanmar, Magway District, Maha Sammata, Mahabodhi Temple, Bagan, Mahavihara, Mahayana, Mainland Southeast Asia, Maitreya, Malay Peninsula, Mandala (political model), Mandalay, Meiktila, Middle Ages, Military history of Myanmar, Minbu, Minbu District, Mingalazedi Pagoda, Mingun Pahtodawgyi, Ministry of Information (Myanmar), Mon language, Mon people, Mongols, Mottama, Mount Meru, Myanmar, Myanmar units of measurement, Myingyan, Myinsaing Kingdom, Nagarjunakonda, Nanzhao, Narapatisithu, Narathihapate, Nat (spirit), Navy, Nyaung-u Sawrahan, Old Burmese, Old Mon script, Pakokku, Palaung people, Pali, Panchala, Phonology, Phuket Province, Pinya Kingdom, Prosody (linguistics), Pyay, Pyinbya, Pyu city-states, Pyu language (Burma), Pyu script, Pyusawhti, Qinghai, Rakhine people, Rakhine State, Razadarit Ayedawbon, Royal Burmese armed forces, Royal Historical Commission of Burma, Sacred language, Sagaing, Sale Ngahkwe, Salween River, Sangha, Second Mongol invasion of Burma, Shaivism, Shakya, Shan Hills, Shan people, Shan States, Shin Uttarajiva, Shwesandaw Pagoda (Bagan), Shwezigon Pagoda, Sokkate, Song dynasty, Sri Ksetra Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Stupa, Sukhothai Kingdom, Sulamani Temple, Tagaung Kingdom, Tagaung, Mandalay, Tanintharyi Region, Tannet of Pagan, Temür Khan, Thamoddarit, Than Tun, Thant Myint-U, Thaton Kingdom, Thayet, Thazi Township, Theinhko, Theravada, Thihathu, Tibeto-Burman languages, Toungoo dynasty, Trade, Tripiṭaka, U Kala, Upper Myanmar, Vaishnavism, Vajrayana, Vassal state, Victor Lieberman, Wa people, War elephant, Wareru, Yamethin, Yingjiang County, Yuan dynasty, Zatadawbon Yazawin, 1975 Bagan earthquake. Expand index (149 more) »
Abhidharma
Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pali) are ancient (3rd century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras, according to schematic classifications.
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Abhiyaza
Abhiyaza (အဘိရာဇာ; d. 825 BCE) was the legendary founder of the Kingdom of Tagaung, and that of Burmese monarchy, according to the 19th century chronicle Hmannan Yazawin.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Alaungsithu
Alaungsithu or Sithu I (အလောင်းစည်သူ; also Cansu I; 1090–1167) was king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1112/13 to 1167.
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Alchemy
Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Africa, Brazil and Asia.
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Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh
Amaravathi is a village in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
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Ananda Temple
The Ananda Temple (အာနႏၵာဘုရား), located in Bagan, Myanmar is a Buddhist temple built in 1105 AD during the reign (1084–1113) of King Kyanzittha of the Pagan Dynasty.
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Anawrahta
Anawrahta Minsaw (အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော,; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire.
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Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India.
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Angkor
Angkor (អង្គរ, "Capital City")Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen.
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Animism
Animism (from Latin anima, "breath, spirit, life") is the religious belief that objects, places and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
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Arakan Mountains
The Arakan Mountains (Arakan Range, Rakhine Range, Rakhine Yoma, Arakan Yoma, Rakhine Roma, Arakan Roma; ရခိုင်ရိုးမ) is a mountain range in western Burma (Myanmar), between the coast of Rakhine State and the Central Burma Basin, in which flows the Irrawaddy River.
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Ari Buddhism
Ari Buddhism or the Ari Gaing (အရည်းဂိုဏ်း) is the name given to the religious practice common in Burma prior to Anawrahta's rise and the subsequent conversion of Bagan to Theravada Buddhism in the eleventh century.
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Assembly of the Union
The Assembly of the Union (ပြည်ထောင်စု လွှတ်တော် Pyidaungsu Hluttaw) is the national-level bicameral legislature of Myanmar (officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar) established by the 2008 National Constitution.
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Astrology
Astrology is the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial objects as a means for divining information about human affairs and terrestrial events.
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Bagan
Bagan (formerly Pagan) is an ancient city located in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.
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Baluster
A baluster—also called spindle or stair stick—is a moulded shaft, square or of lathe-turned form, cut from a rectangular or square plank, one of various forms of spindle in woodwork, made of stone or wood and sometimes of metal, standing on a unifying footing, and supporting the coping of a parapet or the handrail of a staircase.
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Bamar people
The Bamar (also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar.
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Battle of Ngasaunggyan
The Battle of Ngasaunggyan was fought in 1277 between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, the principal khanate of the Mongol Empire, and their neighbors to the south, the Pagan Empire (in present-day Burma) led by Narathihapate.
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Beikthano
Beikthano (ဗိဿနိုး,, also known as Panhtwa city) situated in the irrigated Magway Region, near present-day Taungdwingyi.
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Bhamo
Bhamo (ဗန်းမော်မြို့ ban: mau mrui., also spelt Banmaw) is a city of Kachin State in the northernmost part of Myanmar, located south from the capital city of the state of Kachin (Myitkyina).
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Bodawpaya
Bodawpaya (ဘိုးတော်ဘုရား,; ปดุง; 11 March 1745 – 5 June 1819) was the sixth king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma.
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British rule in Burma
British rule in Burma, also known as British Burma, lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of Burma as a Province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence.
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Buddhaghoṣa
Buddhaghoṣa (พระพุทธโฆษาจารย์) was a 5th-century Indian Theravada Buddhist commentator and scholar.
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Buddhist cosmology
Buddhist cosmology is the description of the shape and evolution of the Universe according to the Buddhist scriptures and commentaries.
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Bupaya Pagoda
Bupaya Pagoda (ဗူးဘုရား) is a notable pagoda located in Bagan (formerly Pagan), in Myanmar, at a bend on the right bank of the Ayeyarwady River.
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Burmese calendar
The Burmese calendar (မြန်မာသက္ကရာဇ်,, or ကောဇာသက္ကရာဇ်,; Burmese Era (BE) or Myanmar Era (ME)) is a lunisolar calendar in which the months are based on lunar months and years are based on sidereal years.
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Burmese chronicles
The royal chronicles of Myanmar (မြန်မာ ရာဇဝင် ကျမ်းများ; also known as Burmese chronicles) are detailed and continuous chronicles of the monarchy of Myanmar (Burma).
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Burmese kyat
The kyat (or; ကျပ်; ISO 4217 code MMK) is the currency of Myanmar (Burma).
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Burmese language
The Burmese language (မြန်မာဘာသာ, MLCTS: mranmabhasa, IPA) is the official language of Myanmar.
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Burmese monarchs' family tree
;Notes... Category:Family trees Category:History of Myanmar.Tree.
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Burmese script
The Burmese script is the basis of the alphabets used for modern Burmese, Mon, Shan and Karen.
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Cavalry
Cavalry (from the French cavalerie, cf. cheval 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback.
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Champa
Champa (Chăm Pa) was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832.
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Chao Phraya River
The Chao Phraya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา, or) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country.
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Chin Hills
The Chin Hills are a range of mountains in Chin State, northwestern Burma (Myanmar), that extends northward into India's Manipur state.
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Chola dynasty
The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.
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Cultural hegemony
In Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that society—the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, values, and mores—so that their imposed, ruling-class worldview becomes the accepted cultural norm; the universally valid dominant ideology, which justifies the social, political, and economic status quo as natural and inevitable, perpetual and beneficial for everyone, rather than as artificial social constructs that benefit only the ruling class.
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Culture of Myanmar
The culture of Myanmar (also known as Burma) has been heavily influenced by Buddhism and the Mon people.
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D. G. E. Hall
Daniel George Edward Hall (1891-1979) was a British historian, author, and academic.
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Dhammayangyi Temple
Dhammayangyi Temple (ဓမ္မရံၾကီးပုထိုး) is a Buddhist temple located in Bagan, Myanmar.
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Dhammayazika Pagoda
The Dhammayazika Pagoda (ဓမ္မရာဇိကဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple located in the village of Pwasaw (located east of Bagan) in Burma.
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Droit du seigneur
Droit du seigneur ('lord's right'), also known as jus primae noctis ('right of the first night'), refers to a supposed legal right in medieval Europe, and elsewhere, allowing feudal lords to have sexual relations with subordinate women (the "wedding night" detail is specific to some variants).
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Dvaravati
The Dvaravati (ทวารวดี); (ទ្វារវត្តី - Tvearvottey) period lasted from around the 6th to the 11th century.
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First Mongol invasion of Burma
The first Mongol invasions of Burma (present-day Myanmar) (မွန်ဂို–မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၂၇၇–၁၂၈၇)) were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire that took place between 1277 and 1287.
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Gansu
Gansu (Tibetan: ཀན་སུའུ་ Kan su'u) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.
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Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.
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Gawdawpalin Temple
Gawdawpalin Temple (ကောတော့ပလ္လင်ဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple located in Bagan, Burma (Myanmar).
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Gordon Luce
Gordon Hannington Luce was a colonial scholar in Burma.
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Hanlin, Burma
Hanlin (also known as Halingyi, Halin and Halim) is a village near Shwebo in the Sagaing Division of Myanmar.
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Hanthawaddy Kingdom
The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်;,; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the dominant kingdom that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552.
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Hariphunchai
Hariphunchai or Haribhunjaya (from หริภุญชัย, ហរិបុញ្ជ័យ Hariponhchey, in turn from Haribhuñjaya) was a Mon kingdom in the north of present Thailand in the centuries before the Thais moved into the area.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.
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Historical Vedic religion
The historical Vedic religion (also known as Vedism, Brahmanism, Vedic Brahmanism, and ancient Hinduism) was the religion of the Indo-Aryans of northern India during the Vedic period.
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History of Myanmar
The history of Myanmar (also known as Burma) covers the period from the time of first-known human settlements 13,000 years ago to the present day.
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Hmannan Yazawin
Hmannan Maha Yazawindawgyi (မှန်နန်း မဟာ ရာဇဝင်တော်ကြီး,; commonly, Hmannan Yazawin; known in English as the "Glass Palace Chronicle") is the first official chronicle of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar).
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Htilominlo
Htilominlo (ထီးလိုမင်းလို,; also called Nadaungmya or Zeya Theinkha Uzana; 1175 – 1235) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1211 to 1235.
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Htilominlo Temple
Htilominlo Temple (ထီးလိုမင်းလိုဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple located in Bagan (formerly Pagan), in Burma/Myanmar, built during the reign of King Htilominlo (also known as Nandaungmya), 1211-1231.
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Htin Aung
Htin Aung (ထင်အောင်; also Maung Htin Aung; 18 May 1909 – 10 May 1978) was an important author and scholar of Burmese culture and history.
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Irrawaddy River
The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River (also spelt Ayeyarwaddy) is a river that flows from north to south through Myanmar.
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Jataka tales
The Jātaka tales are a voluminous body of literature native to India concerning the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form.
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Java
Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.
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Kaifeng
Kaifeng, known previously by several names, is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China.
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Kakusandha Buddha
Kakusandha Buddha (Pāli), known as Krakucchaṃda in Sanskrit, and Khorvadjig in Tibetan) is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 22 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pāli Canon. According to Theravāda Buddhist tradition, Kakusandha is the twenty-fifth of the twenty-nine named Buddhas, the fourth of the Seven Buddhas of Antiquity, and the first of the five Buddhas of the present kalpa. The present kalpa is called the bhadrakalpa (Auspicious aeon). The five Buddhas of the present kalpa are.
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Kanyaza Gyi
Kanyaza Gyi (ကံရာဇာကြီး,; also spelled Kanraza Gri) was the legendary founder of the Second Danyawaddy Dynasty of Arakan.
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Kanyaza Nge
Kanyaza Nge (ကံရာဇာငယ်) was a legendary king of Tagaung, who reportedly reigned in the 9th century BCE.
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Kassapa Buddha
Kassapa Buddha (Pāli), known as Kāśyapa in Sanskrit, is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 24 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pāli Canon.
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Katha, Myanmar
Katha is a town in Sagaing Region, Myanmar, on the west side of the Irrawaddy River on a bluff with an average elevation of.
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Khmer Empire
The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.
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Kingdom of Ava
The Ava Kingdom (အင်းဝခေတ်) was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1364 to 1555.
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Kingdom of Mrauk U
The Kingdom of Mrauk-U was an independent coastal kingdom of Arakan which existed for over 350 years.
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Koṇāgamana Buddha
Koṇāgamana Buddha (Pāli), known as Kanakamuni in Sanskrit, also known as Koṇāgon or Kanakagamana, is one of the ancient Buddhas whose biography is chronicled in chapter 23 of the Buddhavamsa, one of the books of the Pāli Canon.
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Konbaung dynasty
The Konbaung dynasty (ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်), formerly known as the Alompra dynasty, or Alaungpaya dynasty, was the last dynasty that ruled Burma/Myanmar from 1752 to 1885.
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Kosala
Kingdom of Kosala (कोसला राज्य) was an ancient Indian kingdom, corresponding roughly in area with the region of Awadh in present-day Uttar Pradesh.
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Kublai Khan
Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).
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Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu
Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu (ကွမ်းဆော် ကြောင်းဖြူ; c. 955–1048) was king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1001 to 1021.
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Kyansittha
Kyansittha (ကျန်စစ်သား,; also Kyanzittha or "Hti-Hlaing Shin"; 1030 – 1112/13) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1084 to 1112/13, and is considered one of the greatest Burmese monarchs.
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Kyaswa
Kyaswa (ကျစွာ,; 1198–1251) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1235 to 1251.
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Kyaukpyu District
Kyaukpyu District (ကျောက်ဖြူခရိုင်) is a district of the Rakhine State in western Myanmar.
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Kyaukse
Kyaukse (ကျောက်ဆည် မြို့) is town and capital of Kyaukse District in Mandalay Region, Myanmar.
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Kyaukse District
Kyaukse District is a district of the Mandalay Region in central Burma.
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Kyaw Thet
Dr.
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Kyawswa of Pagan
Kyawswa (ကျော်စွာ,; 2 August 1260 – 10 May 1299) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1289 to 1297.
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Kyiso
Kyiso (ကျဉ်စိုး,; c. 1000–1038) was king of Pagan dynasty from 1021 to 1038.
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Lan Na
The Lan Na or Lanna Kingdom (95px,, "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; อาณาจักรล้านนา,,; ອານາຈັກລ້ານນາ, ဇင္းမယ္ျပည္, or), also known as Lannathai, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries.
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Lan Xang
The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang Hom Khao (ຮົ່ມຂາວ;; "Million Elephants and White Parasols") existed as a unified kingdom from 1354 to 1707.
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Lawkananda Pagoda
Lawkananda Pagoda (လောကနန္ဒာစေတီ;; also spelt Lokananda, literally "joy of the world") is a Buddhist zedi located in Bagan, Burma (formerly Pagan).
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Lingua franca
A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.
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List of rulers of Martaban
This is a list of rulers of Martaban (Mottama), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces of Lower Burma, from the 13th to 17th centuries.
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Lower Myanmar
Lower Burma (အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Outer Myanmar) is a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar) and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).
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Magway District
Magway District is a district of the Magway Region (formerly Magway Division) in central Myanmar.
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Maha Sammata
Maha Sammata (Mahā Sammata; မဟာ သမ္မတ; also spelled Mahasammata; lit. "the Great Elect") was the first monarch of the world according to Buddhist tradition.
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Mahabodhi Temple, Bagan
The Mahabodhi Temple (မဟာဗောဓိကျောင်း) is a Buddhist temple located in Bagan, Burma.
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Mahavihara
Mahavihara is the Sanskrit and Pali term for a great vihara (Buddhist monastery) and is used to describe a monastic complex of viharas.
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Mahayana
Mahāyāna (Sanskrit for "Great Vehicle") is one of two (or three, if Vajrayana is counted separately) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice.
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Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula and previously as Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia east of India and south of China that is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east.
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Maitreya
Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pali), is regarded as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.
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Malay Peninsula
The Malay Peninsula (Tanah Melayu, تانه ملايو; คาบสมุทรมลายู,, မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ်, 马来半岛 / 馬來半島) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Mandala (political model)
Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle".
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Mandalay
Mandalay is the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Myanmar (Burma).
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Meiktila
Meiktila is a city in central Burma on the banks of Meiktila Lake in the Mandalay Region at the junctions of the Bagan-Taunggyi, Yangon-Mandalay and Meiktila-Myingyan highways.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Military history of Myanmar
The military history of Myanmar (Burma) spans over a millennium, and is one of the main factors that have shaped the history of the country, and to a lesser degree the histories of the country's neighbours.
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Minbu
Minbu (မင်းဘူးမြို့) is a city in Magwe Division, Myanmar.
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Minbu District
Minbu District is a district of the Magway Division in central Myanmar.
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Mingalazedi Pagoda
Mingalazedi Pagoda (မင်္ဂလာစေတီ,; also spelt Mingalar Zedi Pagoda) is a Buddhist stupa located in Bagan, Burma.
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Mingun Pahtodawgyi
The Mingun Pahtodawgyi (မင်းကွန်းပုထိုးတော်ကြီး) is an incomplete monument stupa in Mingun, approximately northwest of Mandalay in Sagaing Region in central Myanmar (formerly Burma).
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Ministry of Information (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Information (ပြန်ကြားရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန) in Myanmar informs the public about government policy plans and implementation and supports improvements to knowledge and education of the public.
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Mon language
The Mon language (ဘာသာ မန်; မွန်ဘာသာ) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon people, who live in Myanmar and Thailand.
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Mon people
The Mon (မောန် or မည်; မွန်လူမျိုး,; មន, มอญ) are an ethnic group from Myanmar living mostly in Mon State, Bago Region, the Irrawaddy Delta and along the southern border of Thailand and Myanmar.
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Mongols
The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
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Mottama
Mottama (မုတ္တမမြို့,; Mon:,; formerly Martaban) is a small town in the Thaton district of Mon State, Myanmar.
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Mount Meru
Mount Meru (Sanskrit: मेरु, Tibetan: ཪི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་, Sumeru, Sineru or Mahameru) is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Myanmar units of measurement
The traditional Burmese units of measurement are still in everyday use in Myanmar (also known as Burma).
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Myingyan
Myingyan is a city and district in the Mandalay Division of central Myanmar, previously, it was a district in the Meiktila Division of Upper Burma.
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Myinsaing Kingdom
The Myinsaing Kingdom (မြင်စိုင်းခေတ်) was the kingdom that ruled central Burma (Myanmar) from 1297 to 1313.
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Nagarjunakonda
Nagarjunakonda (IAST: Nāgārjunikoṇḍa, meaning Nagarjuna Hill) is a historical town, now an island located near Nagarjuna Sagar in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Nanzhao
Nanzhao, also spelled Nanchao or Nan Chao, was a polity that flourished in what is now southern China and Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries.
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Narapatisithu
Narapati Sithu (နရပတိ စည်သူ,; also Narapatisithu, Sithu II or Cansu II; 1138–1211) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1174 to 1211.
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Narathihapate
Narathihapate (နရသီဟပတေ့,; also Sithu IV of Pagan; 23 April 1238 – 1 July 1287) was the last king of the Pagan Empire who reigned from 1256 to 1287.
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Nat (spirit)
The nats (နတ်; MLCTS: nat) are spirits worshipped in Myanmar in conjunction with Buddhism.
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Navy
A navy or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.
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Nyaung-u Sawrahan
Nyaung-u Sawrahan (ညောင်ဦး စောရဟန်း,; also Taungthugyi Min c. 924–1001) was king of the Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from c. 956 to 1001.
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Old Burmese
Old Burmese was an early form of the Burmese language, as attested in the stone inscriptions of Pagan, and is the oldest phase of Burmese linguistic history.
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Old Mon script
The Old Mon script was a script used to write Mon, and may also be the source script of the Burmese alphabet.
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Pakokku
Pakokku (ပခုက္ကူ) is a city in the Magway Region in Myanmar, also known as Burma.
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Palaung people
The Palaung (ပလောင် လူမျိုး; Thai: ปะหล่อง, also written as Benglong Palong) or Ta'ang are a Mon–Khmer ethnic minority found in Shan State of Burma, Yunnan Province of China and Northern Thailand.
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Pali
Pali, or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Panchala
Panchala (पञ्चाल) was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the upper Gangetic plain.
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Phonology
Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages.
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Phuket Province
Phuket (ภูเก็ต,, Talang or Tanjung Salang) is one of the southern provinces (''changwat'') of Thailand.
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Pinya Kingdom
The Pinya Kingdom (ပင်းယခေတ်) was the kingdom that ruled Central Myanmar (Burma) from 1313 to 1365.
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Prosody (linguistics)
In linguistics, prosody is concerned with those elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments (vowels and consonants) but are properties of syllables and larger units of speech.
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Pyay
Pyay (ပြန်,; also known as Prome and Payagyi) is principal town of Pyay Township in the Bago Region in Myanmar.
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Pyinbya
Pyinbya (ပျဉ်ပြား,; 817–876) was the king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) who founded the city of Pagan (Bagan) in 849 CE.
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Pyu city-states
The Pyu city states (ပျူ မြို့ပြ နိုင်ငံများ) were a group of city-states that existed from c. 2nd century BCE to c. mid-11th century in present-day Upper Burma (Myanmar).
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Pyu language (Burma)
The Pyu language (ပျူ ဘာသာ,; also Tircul language) is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was mainly spoken in present-day central Burma (Myanmar) in the first millennium CE.
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Pyu script
The Pyu script is a writing system used to write the Pyu language, an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was mainly spoken in present-day central Burma.
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Pyusawhti
Pyusawhti (ပျူစောထီး,; also Pyuminhti) was a semi-legendary king of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), who according to the Burmese chronicles supposedly reigned from 167 to 242 CE.
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Qinghai
Qinghai, formerly known in English as Kokonur, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.
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Rakhine people
The Rakhine people (ရခိုင်လူမျိုး, Rakhine pronunciation;; formerly Arakanese) are an ethnic group in Myanmar (Burma) forming the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State (formerly officially called Arakan).
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Rakhine State
Rakhine State (Rakhine pronunciation;; formerly Arakan) is a state in Myanmar (Burma).
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Razadarit Ayedawbon
Razadarit Ayedawbon (ရာဇာဓိရာဇ် အရေးတော်ပုံ) is a Burmese chronicle covering the history of Ramanya from 1287 to 1421.
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Royal Burmese armed forces
The Royal Armed Forces (တပ်မတော်) were the armed forces of the Burmese monarchy from the 9th to 19th centuries.
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Royal Historical Commission of Burma
The Royal Historical Commission (တော်ဝင် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ သမိုင်း ကော်မရှင်) of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) produced the standard court chronicles of Konbaung era, Hmannan Yazawin (1832) and Dutiya Yazawin (1869).
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Sacred language
A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.
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Sagaing
Sagaing is the capital of Sagaing Region (formerly Sagaing Division).
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Sale Ngahkwe
Sale Ngahkwe (စလေငခွေး,; c. 875–934) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from c. 904 to c. 934.
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Salween River
The Salween, known in China as the Nu River, is a river about long that flows from the Tibetan Plateau into the Andaman Sea in Southeast Asia.
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Sangha
Sangha (saṅgha; saṃgha; සංඝයා; พระสงฆ์; Tamil: சங்கம்) is a word in Pali and Sanskrit meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community" and most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns).
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Second Mongol invasion of Burma
The second Mongol invasion of Burma by the Yuan dynasty under Temür Khan was repulsed by the Burmese Myinsaing Kingdom in 1301.
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Shaivism
Shaivism (Śaivam) (Devanagari: शैव संप्रदाय) (Bengali: শৈব) (Tamil: சைவம்) (Telugu: శైవ సాంప్రదాయం) (Kannada:ಶೈವ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being.
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Shakya
The Shakya (Sanskrit:, Devanagari: शाक्य; Pali:,, or) were a clan of the late Vedic India (c. 1000 – c. 500 BCE) and during the so-called second urbanisation period (c. 600 – c. 200 BCE) in the Indian subcontinent (present-day nations of India and Nepal).
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Shan Hills
The Shan Hills (ရှမ်းရိုးမ, ฉานโยมา; Shan Yoma), also known as Shan Highland, is a vast mountainous zone that extends through Yunnan to Myanmar and Thailand.
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Shan people
The Shan (တႆး;, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး;; ไทใหญ่ or ฉาน) are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia.
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Shan States
Shan States and British Shan States (1885 - 1948) is an historic name for Minor Kingdoms (analogous to Princely state of British India) ruled by Saopha (similar to Thai royal title Chao Fa Prince or Princess) in large areas of today's Burma (Myanmar), China's Yunnan Province, Laos and Northern Thailand from the late 13th century until the mid-20th century.
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Shin Uttarajiva
The Venerable Shin Uttarajiva (ရှင်ဥတ္တရဇီဝ; died c. 5 October 1191) was primate of Pagan Kingdom during the reigns of three kings Narathu, Naratheinkha and Narapatisithu from 1167 to 1191.
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Shwesandaw Pagoda (Bagan)
The Shwesandaw Pagoda (ရွှေဆံတော်ဘုရား) is a Buddhist pagoda located in Bagan, Burma.
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Shwezigon Pagoda
The Shwezigon Pagoda or Shwezigon Paya (ရွှေစည်းခုံဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple located in Nyaung-U, a town near Bagan, in Myanmar.
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Sokkate
Sokkate (စုက္ကတေး; 29 March 1001 – 11 August 1044) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1038 to 1044.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Sri Ksetra Kingdom
Sri Ksetra (Śrī Kṣetra, သရေခေတ္တရာ ပြည်, IPA:; lit. "Field of Fortune"Htin Aung, Maung (1970). Burmese History before 1287: A Defence of the Chronicles. Oxford: The Asoka Society, 8 - 10. or "Field of Glory"), located along the Irrawaddy River at present-day Hmawza, was once a prominent Pyu settlement.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Stupa
A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
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Sukhothai Kingdom
The Kingdom of Sukhothai (สุโขทัย, Soo-Ker Ty) was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.
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Sulamani Temple
The Sulamani Temple (စူဠာမဏိဘုရား) is a Buddhist temple located in the village of Minnanthu (southwest of Bagan) in Burma.
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Tagaung Kingdom
Tagaung Kingdom (တကောင်း နေပြည်တော်) was a Pyu city-state that existed in the first millennium CE.
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Tagaung, Mandalay
Tagaung is a town in Mandalay Region of Myanmar (Burma).
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Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region (တနင်္သာရီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; Mon: or; Tanah Sari; formerly Tenasserim Division and subsequently Tanintharyi Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the Kra Isthmus.
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Tannet of Pagan
Tannet (တန်နက်,; 859–904) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from c. 876 to c. 904.
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Temür Khan
Temür Öljeytü Khan (translit; ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ), born Temür (also spelled Timur, Төмөр, October 15, 1265 – February 10, 1307), also known by the temple name Chengzong (Emperor Chengzong of Yuan) was the second emperor of the Yuan dynasty, ruling from May 10, 1294 to February 10, 1307.
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Thamoddarit
Thamoddarit (သမုဒ္ဒရာဇ်; Samuddaraj; 76 – 152) was the legendary founder of Pagan Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), who supposedly reigned from 107 to 152 CE.
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Than Tun
Than Tun (သန်းထွန်း,; 6 April 1923 – 30 November 2005) was an influential Burmese historian as well as an outspoken critic of the military junta of Burma.
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Thant Myint-U
Thant Myint-U (သန့်မြင့်ဦး.; born 31 January 1966) is a historian, writer, a past fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, a former United Nations official, and the founder and chairman of the Yangon Heritage Trust.
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Thaton Kingdom
The Thaton Kingdom, Suwarnabhumi, or Thuwunnabumi (သထုံခေတ် or) was a Mon kingdom, believed to have existed in Lower Burma from at least the 4th century BC to the middle of the 11th century AD.
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Thayet
Thayet (pronounced) is a city in Thayet District of Magway Region in central Myanmar.
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Thazi Township
Thazi Township is a township of Meiktila District in the Mandalay Region of Burma.
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Theinhko
Theinhko (သိန်းခို; also Theinkho,; c. 919–956) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from c. 934 to c. 956.
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Theravada
Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core.
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Thihathu
Thihathu (သီဟသူ,; 1265–1325) was a co-founder of the Myinsaing Kingdom, and the founder of the Pinya Kingdom in today's central Burma (Myanmar).
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Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the highlands of Southeast Asia as well as certain parts of East Asia and South Asia.
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Toungoo dynasty
The Toungoo dynasty (တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်,; also spelt Taungoo dynasty) was the ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752.
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Trade
Trade involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.
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Tripiṭaka
The Tripiṭaka (Sanskrit) or Tipiṭaka (Pali), is the traditional term for the Buddhist scriptures.
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U Kala
U Kala (ဦးကုလား) is a Burmese historian and chronicler best known for compiling the Maha Yazawin (lit. 'Great Royal Chronicle'), the first extensive national chronicle of Burma.
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Upper Myanmar
Upper Burma (အထက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Real Myanmar) refers to a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar), traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speaking, Kachin and Shan States.
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Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism (Vaishnava dharma) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.
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Vajrayana
Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.
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Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that is subordinate to another.
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Victor Lieberman
Victor B. Lieberman (born 22 July 1945) is an historian of early modern Southeast Asia and Eurasia.
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Wa people
The Wa people (Wa language: Vāx; ဝလူမျိုး;; ว้า) are an ethnic group that lives mainly in northern Myanmar, in the northern part of Shan State and the eastern part of Kachin State, near and along Burma's border with China, as well as in Yunnan, China.
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War elephant
A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat.
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Wareru
Wareru (ဝါရီရူး,; also known as Wagaru; 20 March 1253 – 14 January 1307) was the founder of the Martaban Kingdom, located in present-day Myanmar (Burma).
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Yamethin
Yamethin is a town in central Myanmar in Yamethin District, Mandalay Region.
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Yingjiang County
Yingjiang County (เมืองหล้า) is a county in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Burma's Kachin State to the west.
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Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.
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Zatadawbon Yazawin
Zatadawbon Yazawin (ဇာတာတော်ပုံ ရာဇဝင်,; also spelled Zatatawpon; lit. the "Chronicle of Royal Horoscopes") is the earliest extant chronicle of Burma.
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1975 Bagan earthquake
The 1975 Bagan earthquake occurred on July 8 at 6:36 pm local time (12:06 UTC) in Bagan, Myanmar.
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Redirects here:
Bagan Dynasty, Bagan Empire, Bagan Kingdom, First Burmese Empire, Kingdom of Bagan, Kingdom of Pagan, Pagan Dynasty, Pagan Empire, Pagan dynasty, ပုဂံခေတ်.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_Kingdom
