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61 relations: Bacteria, Bacterial blight of cassava, Bangladesh, Base pair, Biofilm, Bitter orange, Brazil, Calamondin, Central Africa, Central Queensland, Citron, Citrus, Citrus × sinensis, Citrus glauca, Clara H. Hasse, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland), Emerald, Queensland, Florida, Fruit, Fungus, Gammaproteobacteria, Genome, Georgia (U.S. state), Gram-negative bacteria, Grapefruit, Gulf Coast of the United States, Halo (optical phenomenon), Hermann Edward Hasse, India, Iran, Japan, Key lime, Kumquat, Lemon, Mandarin orange, Miami–Dade County, Florida, Middle East, Northern Territory, Oman, Pacific Islands, Pathovar, Polymerase chain reaction, Pomelo, Proteobacteria, Saudi Arabia, São Paulo (state), South Carolina, Southeast Asia, Southern Africa, Stoma, ..., Tangelo, Tangerine, Tangor, Trifoliate orange, Tropical cyclone, United States, United States National Agricultural Library, Xanthan gum, Xanthomonadaceae, Xanthomonadales, Xanthomonas. Expand index (11 more) »
Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacterial blight of cassava
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.
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Bangladesh
Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Biofilm
A biofilm comprises any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.
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Bitter orange
Bitter orange, Seville orange, sour orange, bigarade orange, or marmalade orange refers to a citrus tree (Citrus × aurantium) and its fruit.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Calamondin
Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa, × Citrofortunella microcarpa or × Citrofortunella mitis) is an important citrofortunella, meaning that it is an intergeneric hybrid between a member of the genus Citrus (in this case probably the mandarin orange) and the kumquat, formerly considered as belonging to a separate genus Fortunella.
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Central Africa
Central Africa is the core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.
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Central Queensland
Central Queensland is an ambiguous geographical division of Queensland (a state in Australia) that centres on the eastern coast, around the Tropic of Capricorn.
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Citron
The citron (Citrus medica) is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick rind.
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Citrus
Citrus is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae.
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Citrus × sinensis
Citrus × sinensis, also known as the Citrus aurantium Sour Orange Group, includes the commonly cultivated sweet oranges, including blood oranges and navel oranges.
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Citrus glauca
Citrus glauca, commonly known as the desert lime, is a thorny shrub or small tree native to Queensland, New South Wales, and South Australia.
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Clara H. Hasse
Clara Henriette Hasse (1880 – 10 October 1926) was an American botanist whose research focused on plant pathology.
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Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland)
The Department of Agriculture and Fisheries is a department of the Queensland Government which aims to maximise the economic potential for Queensland's primary industries on a sustainable basis through strategic industrial development.
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Emerald, Queensland
Emerald is a town in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia.
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Florida
Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.
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Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gammaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria are a class of bacteria.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.
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Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.
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Grapefruit
The grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit.
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Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Southern United States meets the Gulf of Mexico.
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Halo (optical phenomenon)
Halo (from Greek ἅλως, halōs) is the name for a family of optical phenomena produced by sunlight interacting with ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere.
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Hermann Edward Hasse
Hermann Edward Hasse (12 January 1836 – 29 October 1915) was an American lichenologist.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Key lime
The Key lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia) is a citrus hybrid (C. micrantha x C. medica) with a spherical fruit, in diameter, that is yellow when ripe but usually picked green commercially.
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Kumquat
Kumquats (or cumquats in Australian English,; Citrus japonica) are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae.
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Lemon
The lemon, Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, is a species of small evergreen tree in the flowering plant family Rutaceae, native to Asia.
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Mandarin orange
The mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata;; 桔, jyutping: gat1), also known as the mandarin or mandarine, is a small citrus tree with fruit resembling other oranges, usually eaten plain or in fruit salads.
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Miami–Dade County, Florida
Miami-Dade County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida.
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Middle East
The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).
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Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia.
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Oman
Oman (عمان), officially the Sultanate of Oman (سلطنة عُمان), is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia.
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Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands are the islands of the Pacific Ocean.
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Pathovar
A pathovar is a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics, that is differentiated at infrasubspecific level from other strains of the same species or subspecies on the basis of distinctive pathogenicity to one or more plant hosts.
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Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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Pomelo
The pomelo, Citrus maxima or Citrus grandis, is a natural (non-hybrid) citrus fruit, similar in appearance to a large grapefruit, native to South and Southeast Asia.
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Proteobacteria
Proteobacteria is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia, Legionellales, and many other notable genera. Others are free-living (non-parasitic), and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was named after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes and is not named after the genus Proteus. Some Alphaproteobacteria can grow at very low levels of nutrients and have unusual morphology such as stalks and buds. Others include agriculturally important bacteria capable of inducing nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with plants. The type order is the Caulobacterales, comprising stalk-forming bacteria such as Caulobacter. The Betaproteobacteria are highly metabolically diverse and contain chemolithoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, and generalist heterotrophs. The type order is the Burkholderiales, comprising an enormous range of metabolic diversity, including opportunistic pathogens. The Hydrogenophilalia are obligate thermophiles and include heterotrophs and autotrophs. The type order is the Hydrogenophilales. The Gammaproteobacteria are the largest class in terms of species with validly published names. The type order is the Pseudomonadales, which include the genera Pseudomonas and the nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter. The Acidithiobacillia contain only sulfur, iron and uranium-oxidising autotrophs. The type order is the Acidithiobacillales, which includes economically important organisms used in the mining industry such as Acidithiobacillus spp. The Deltaproteobacteria include bacteria that are predators on other bacteria and are important contributors to the anaerobic side of the sulfur cycle. The type order is the Myxococcales, which includes organisms with self-organising abilities such as Myxococcus spp. The Epsilonproteobacteria are often slender, Gram-negative rods that are helical or curved. The type order is the Campylobacterales, which includes important food pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. The Oligoflexia are filamentous aerobes. The type order is the Oligoflexales, which contains the genus Oligoflexus.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.
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São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.
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South Carolina
South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.
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Southern Africa
Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries.
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Stoma
In botany, a stoma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomata (plural "stomates") (from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange.
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Tangelo
The tangelo (C. reticulata × C. maxima or x C. paradisi), Citrus × tangelo, is a citrus fruit hybrid of a tangerine and a grapefruit.
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Tangerine
The tangerine (Citrus tangerina) is a group of orange-colored citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata).
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Tangor
The tangor (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) is a citrus fruit hybrid of the mandarin orange (tangerine, Citrus reticulata) and the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis).
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Trifoliate orange
The trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata or Citrus trifoliata, is a member of the family Rutaceae.
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Tropical cyclone
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States National Agricultural Library
The United States National Agricultural Library (NAL) is one of the world's largest agricultural research libraries, and serves as a national library of the United States and as the library of the United States Department of Agriculture.
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Xanthan gum
Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide with many industrial uses, including as a common food additive.
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Xanthomonadaceae
The Xanthomonadaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, within the Xanthomonadales order.
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Xanthomonadales
The Xanthomonadales are a bacterial order within the Gammaproteobacteria.
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Xanthomonas
Xanthomonas is a genus of Proteobacteria, many of which cause plant diseases.
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Redirects here:
Bacterial spot of citrus, Citrus Canker, Pseudomonas citrii, XANTCI, XANTCM, Xanthomonas axonopodis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_canker
