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49 relations: Acetylation, Adenocarcinoma, Alpha helix, Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid, Aspartic acid, Beta sheet, Beta-Nitropropionic acid, Biosynthesis, Brain, Cell growth, Cytoplasm, Cytosol, Electron transport chain, Enzyme, Eukaryote, Exon, Gene, Genomic DNA, Glucose, Glutamine, Glycolysis, Kynurenic acid, Kynurenine, Malate dehydrogenase, Malate-aspartate shuttle, Malonate, Medication, Mitochondrion, MPP+, Neoplasm, Neurotoxicity, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Nucleic acid, Oxaloacetic acid, PANC-1, Pancreatic cancer, Pathology, Protein dimer, Protein metabolism, Protein primary structure, Protein subunit, Pyridoxal phosphate, Pyruvic acid, Redox, Semipermeable membrane, TATA box, Transamination, Tricarboxylic acid, Urea.
Acetylation
Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound.
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Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body.
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Alpha helix
The alpha helix (α-helix) is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a righthand-spiral conformation (i.e. helix) in which every backbone N−H group donates a hydrogen bond to the backbone C.
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Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid
α-Ketoglutaric acid (2-oxoglutaric acid) is one of two ketone derivatives of glutaric acid.
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Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; salts known as aspartates), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Beta sheet
The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins.
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Beta-Nitropropionic acid
beta-Nitropropionic acid (3-nitropropanoic acid, BPA, 3-NPA, C3H5NO4) is a mycotoxin, a potent mitochondrial inhibitor, toxic to humans.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.
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Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells.
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Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genomic DNA
Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid is chromosomal DNA, in contrast to extra-chromosomal DNAs like plasmids.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Glutamine
Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.
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Kynurenic acid
Kynurenic acid (KYNA or KYN) is a product of the normal metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan.
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Kynurenine
L-Kynurenine is a metabolite of the amino acid L-tryptophan used in the production of niacin.
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Malate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.
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Malate-aspartate shuttle
The malate-aspartate shuttle (sometimes also the malate shuttle) is a biochemical system for translocating electrons produced during glycolysis across the semipermeable inner membrane of the mitochondrion for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotes.
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Malonate
The malonate or propanedioate ion is CH2(COO)22− (malonic acid minus two hydrogen ions).
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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MPP+
MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is a positively charged organic molecule with the chemical formula C12H12N+.
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Neoplasm
Neoplasia is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
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Neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells.
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Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life.
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Oxaloacetic acid
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HO2CC(O)CH2CO2H.
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PANC-1
PANC-1 is a human pancreatic cancer cell line isolated from a pancreatic carcinoma of ductal cell origin.
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Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.
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Pathology
Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering" and -logia (-λογία), "study of") is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research, concerned mainly with the causal study of disease, whether caused by pathogens or non-infectious physiological disorder.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Protein metabolism
Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids, and the breakdown of proteins (and other large molecules) by catabolism.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Protein subunit
In structural biology, a protein subunit is a single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with other protein molecules to form a protein complex.
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Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, P5P), the active form of vitamin B6, is a coenzyme in a variety of enzymatic reactions.
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Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Semipermeable membrane
A semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion—or occasionally by more specialized processes of facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport.
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TATA box
In molecular biology, the TATA box (also called the Goldberg-Hogness box) is a sequence of DNA found in the core promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes.
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Transamination
Transamination, a chemical reaction that transfers an amino group to a ketoacid to form new amino acids.
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Tricarboxylic acid
A tricarboxylic acid is an organic carboxylic acid whose chemical structure contains three carboxyl functional groups (-COOH).
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOT2
