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Leprosy

Index Leprosy

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. [1]

118 relations: Acid-fastness, Aerobic organism, Antimicrobial resistance, Armadillo, Atharvaveda, Ōtani Yoshitsugu, Bacilli, Bacteria, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, BCG vaccine, Biochemistry, Book of Leviticus, Borderline lepromatous leprosy, Borderline leprosy, Borderline tuberculoid leprosy, Brazil, Carl Wilhelm Boeck, Cell membrane, Chimpanzee, Chronic condition, Clofazimine, Crab-eating macaque, Cutaneous condition, Daimyō, Daniel Cornelius Danielssen, Dapsone, Dermis, Diffuse leprosy of Lucio and Latapí, DNA, Early Christianity, Edward III of England, Encyclopædia Britannica, Endemism, England, F&W Media International, Father Damien, Forough Farrokhzad, Gene, Gerhard Armauer Hansen, Granuloma, Greek language, Harappa, Hàn Mặc Tử, Henry IV of England, Henry Vandyke Carter, Hippocrates, Histoid leprosy, HIV, Hypopigmentation, ICD-10, ..., Indonesia, Infection, Isidore of Seville, Jesus, Kingdom of Hawaii, Koch's postulates, Leper colony, Lepromatous leprosy, Lepromin, Leprostatic agent, Leprosy stigma, Lesion, Locus (genetics), Luke 5, Lymphotoxin alpha, Malawi, Manusmriti, Medical Subject Headings, Mercury (element), Microbiological culture, Molecular genetics, Molokai, Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepromatosis, National Hansen's Disease Museum (Japan), Nature (journal), Neglected tropical diseases, New Caledonia, New Testament, Nine-banded armadillo, Nippon Foundation, Nodule (medicine), Noma (disease), Non-governmental organization, Nosebleed, Novartis, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, PACRG, Papule, Parkin (ligase), Parkinson's disease, Peripheral nervous system, PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Polymerase chain reaction, Pope Gregory I, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Prevalence, Promin, Red squirrel, Relapse, Respiratory tract, Rifampicin, Ritual purification, Sooty mangabey, Syphilis, Talmud, The Guardian, The House Is Black, The Social Science Journal, Third Council of the Lateran, Tinea versicolor, TLR 1, TLR2, Tuberculoid leprosy, Tuberculosis, World Health Organization, World Leprosy Day. Expand index (68 more) »

Acid-fastness

Acid-fastness is a physical property of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells, as well as some sub-cellular structures, specifically their resistance to decolorization by acids during laboratory staining procedures.

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Aerobic organism

An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.

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Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.

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Armadillo

Armadillos are New World placental mammals in the order Cingulata with a leathery armour shell.

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Atharvaveda

The Atharva Veda (Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद, from and veda, meaning "knowledge") is the "knowledge storehouse of atharvāṇas, the procedures for everyday life".

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Ōtani Yoshitsugu

was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period through the Azuchi-Momoyama Period.

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Bacilli

Bacilli refers to a taxonomic class of bacteria.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Baldwin IV of Jerusalem

Baldwin IV (Baudouin; Balduinus; 1161 – 16 March 1185), called the Leper, or The Leper King reigned as King of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death.

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BCG vaccine

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis (TB).

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Biochemistry

Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

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Book of Leviticus

The Book of Leviticus is the third book of the Torah and of the Old Testament.

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Borderline lepromatous leprosy

Borderline lepromatous leprosy is a skin condition with numerous, symmetrical skin lesions.

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Borderline leprosy

Borderline leprosy is a cutaneous skin condition with numerous skin lesions that are red irregularly shaped plaques.

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Borderline tuberculoid leprosy

Borderline tuberculoid leprosy is a cutaneous condition similar to tuberculoid leprosy except the skin lesions are smaller and more numerous.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Carl Wilhelm Boeck

Carl Wilhelm Boeck (December 15, 1808 – December 10, 1875) was a Norwegian dermatologist.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Chimpanzee

The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.

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Chronic condition

A chronic condition is a human health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time.

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Clofazimine

Clofazimine, sold under the brand name Lamprene, is a medication used together with rifampicin and dapsone to treat leprosy.

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Crab-eating macaque

The crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis), also known as the long-tailed macaque, is a cercopithecine primate native to Southeast Asia.

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Cutaneous condition

A cutaneous condition is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.

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Daimyō

The were powerful Japanese feudal lords who, until their decline in the early Meiji period, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings.

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Daniel Cornelius Danielssen

Daniel Cornelius Danielssen (4 July 1815 – 13 July 1894) was a Norwegian physician.

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Dapsone

Dapsone, also known as diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), is an antibiotic commonly used in combination with rifampicin and clofazimine for the treatment of leprosy.

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Dermis

The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.

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Diffuse leprosy of Lucio and Latapí

The diffuse leprosy of Lucio and Latapí, also known as diffuse lepromatous leprosy or "pretty leprosy" is a clinical variety of lepromatous leprosy.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Early Christianity

Early Christianity, defined as the period of Christianity preceding the First Council of Nicaea in 325, typically divides historically into the Apostolic Age and the Ante-Nicene Period (from the Apostolic Age until Nicea).

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Edward III of England

Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Endemism

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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F&W Media International

F&W Media International Limited, formerly known as David & Charles Publishers (also styled as David and Charles), is a publisher of illustrated non-fiction books, eBooks, digital products, craft patterns and online education courses.

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Father Damien

Father Damien or Saint Damien of Molokai, SS.CC. or Saint Damien De Veuster (Pater Damiaan or Heilige Damiaan van Molokai; 3 January 1840 – 15 April 1889), born Jozef De Veuster, was a Roman Catholic priest from Belgium and member of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, a missionary religious institute.

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Forough Farrokhzad

Forough Farrokhzad (فروغ فرخزاد; December 29, 1934 – February 13, 1967) was an influential Iranian poet and film director.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gerhard Armauer Hansen

Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (29 July 1841 – 12 February 1912) was a Norwegian physician, remembered for his identification of the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy.

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Granuloma

Granuloma is an inflammation found in many diseases.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Harappa

Harappa (Urdu/ہڑپّہ) is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.

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Hàn Mặc Tử

Nguyễn Trọng Trí, penname Hàn Mặc Tử (September 22, 1912 - November 11, 1940) was a Vietnamese poet.

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Henry IV of England

Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III, to the Kingdom of France.

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Henry Vandyke Carter

Henry Vandyke Carter (born 22 May 1831, Hull – 4 May 1897, Scarborough) was an English anatomist, surgeon, and anatomical artist most notable for his illustrations of the book, Gray's Anatomy.

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Hippocrates

Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.

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Histoid leprosy

Histoid leprosy is a skin condition, a rare form of multibacillary leprosy.

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HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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Hypopigmentation

Hypopigmentation is the loss of skin color.

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ICD-10

ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Isidore of Seville

Saint Isidore of Seville (Isidorus Hispalensis; c. 560 – 4 April 636), a scholar and, for over three decades, Archbishop of Seville, is widely regarded as the last of the Fathers of the Church, as the 19th-century historian Montalembert put it in an oft-quoted phrase, "The last scholar of the ancient world." At a time of disintegration of classical culture, and aristocratic violence and illiteracy, he was involved in the conversion of the Arian Visigothic kings to Catholicism, both assisting his brother Leander of Seville, and continuing after his brother's death.

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Jesus

Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Kingdom of Hawaii

The Kingdom of Hawaiʻi originated in 1795 with the unification of the independent islands of Hawaiʻi, Oʻahu, Maui, Molokaʻi, and Lānaʻi under one government.

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Koch's postulates

Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.

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Leper colony

A leper colony, leprosarium, or lazar house is a place to quarantine people with leprosy (Hansen's disease).

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Lepromatous leprosy

Lepromatous leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by pale macules in the skin.

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Lepromin

The lepromin skin test is used to determine what type of leprosy a person has.

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Leprostatic agent

A leprostatic agent is a drug that interferes with proliferation of the bacterium that causes leprosy.

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Leprosy stigma

Leprosy stigma is a kind of social stigma, a strong feeling that a leprosy patient is shameful and is not accepted normally in society.

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Lesion

A lesion is any abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.

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Locus (genetics)

A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).

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Luke 5

Luke 5 is the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.

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Lymphotoxin alpha

Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α) or tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTA gene.

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Malawi

Malawi (or; or maláwi), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland.

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Manusmriti

The Manusmṛti (Sanskrit: मनुस्मृति), also spelled as Manusmriti, is an ancient legal text among the many of Hinduism.

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Medical Subject Headings

Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences; it serves as a thesaurus that facilitates searching.

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Mercury (element)

Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.

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Microbiological culture

A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions.

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Molecular genetics

Molecular genetics is the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics.

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Molokai

Molokai (Hawaiian), nicknamed “The Friendly Isle”, is the fifth largest island of eight major islands that make up the Hawaiian Island Chain in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.

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Mycobacterium

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae.

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Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae, also known as Hansen’s bacillus spirilly, mostly found in warm tropical countries, is a bacterium that causes leprosy (Hansen's disease).

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Mycobacterium lepromatosis

Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a bacterium that, along with Mycobacterium leprae, causes leprosy (Hansen's disease).

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National Hansen's Disease Museum (Japan)

The is a museum in Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan that is dedicated to education about Hansen's disease (leprosy) and to eliminate discriminatory practices against its sufferers.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Neglected tropical diseases

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of tropical infections which are especially common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

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New Caledonia

New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie)Previously known officially as the "Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies" (Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et dépendances), then simply as the "Territory of New Caledonia" (French: Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie), the official French name is now only Nouvelle-Calédonie (Organic Law of 19 March 1999, article 222 IV — see). The French courts often continue to use the appellation Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.

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New Testament

The New Testament (Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, trans. Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē; Novum Testamentum) is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible.

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Nine-banded armadillo

The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), or the nine-banded, long-nosed armadillo, is a medium-sized mammal found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos.

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Nippon Foundation

of Tokyo, Japan, is a private, non-profit grant-making organization. It was established in 1962 by Ryoichi Sasakawa, a late statesman and businessman.

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Nodule (medicine)

In medicine, nodules are solid, elevated areas of tissue or fluid inside or under the skin with a diameter greater than 0.5 centimeters.

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Noma (disease)

Noma is a rapidly progressive, polymicrobial, often gangrenous infection of the mouth or genitals.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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Nosebleed

A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.

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Novartis

Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland.

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Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a continuously updated catalog of human genes and genetic disorders and traits, with a particular focus on the gene-phenotype relationship.

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PACRG

Parkin coregulated gene protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PACRG gene.

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Papule

A papule is a circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in area from a pinhead to 1 cm.

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Parkin (ligase)

Parkin is a 465-residue E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in ubiquitination- the process whereby molecules are covalently labelled with ubiquitin (Ub) and directed towards degradation in proteasomes or lysosomes.

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Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.

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Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS).

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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal devoted to the study of neglected tropical diseases, including helminth, bacterial, viral, protozoan, and fungal infections endemic to tropical regions.

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Polymerase chain reaction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.

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Pope Gregory I

Pope Saint Gregory I (Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.

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Prevalence

Prevalence in epidemiology is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seat-belt use).

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Promin

Promin, or sodium glucosulfone is a sulfone drug that was investigated for the treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and leprosy.

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Red squirrel

The red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) is a species of tree squirrel in the genus Sciurus common throughout Eurasia.

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Relapse

In medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition.

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Respiratory tract

In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration.

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Rifampicin

Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Legionnaire's disease.

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Ritual purification

Ritual purification is the purification ritual prescribed by a religion by which a person about to perform some ritual is considered to be free of uncleanliness, especially prior to the worship of a deity, and ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness.

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Sooty mangabey

The sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) is an Old World monkey found in forests from Senegal in a margin along the coast down to Ghana.

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Syphilis

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.

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Talmud

The Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd "instruction, learning", from a root LMD "teach, study") is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and theology.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The House Is Black

The House Is Black (خانه سیاه است, Kẖạneh sy̰ạh ạst) is an acclaimed Iranian documentary short film directed by Forough Farrokhzad.

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The Social Science Journal

The Social Science Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering social science.

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Third Council of the Lateran

The Third Council of the Lateran met in March 1179 as the eleventh ecumenical council.

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Tinea versicolor

Tinea versicolor is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities.

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TLR 1

TLR 1 is a member of the toll-like receptor family (TLR) of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system.

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TLR2

Toll-like receptor 2 also known as TLR2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR2 gene.

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Tuberculoid leprosy

Tuberculoid leprosy is a form of leprosy characterized by solitary skin lesions that are asymmetrically distributed with few lesions and well demarcated edges.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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World Leprosy Day

World Leprosy Day is observed internationally every year on the last Sunday of January to increase the public awareness of the Leprosy or Hansen's Disease.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy

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