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Operation Orator

Index Operation Orator

Operation Orator was the code name for the defence of the Allied Arctic convoy PQ 18 by British and Australian air force units based temporarily in North-West Russia, against attack by the German battleship and other Kriegsmarine surface vessels. The wing, known as the Search & Strike Force, was commanded by Group Captain Frank Hopps and its maritime strike element was the Leuchars Wing, comprising No. 144 Squadron, Royal Air Force (RAF) and No. 455 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) equipped with Handley-Page Hampden TB 1 torpedo bombers. The Hampden crews made a long and dangerous flight from bases in Scotland (4–5 September) and assembled at Vayenga-1 airfield, near Vayenga (also spelt Vaenga; later Severomorsk), on the Kola Inlet, north of Murmansk. The two squadrons lost nine aircraft shot down or crashed in transit but the remainder joined a detachment of 210 Squadron Catalina flying boats and a section of photographic reconnaissance Spitfires from 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit to make up the Search & Strike Force (S&SF). At on 14 September, 23 Hampdens were scrambled, after Tirpitz was reported absent from its moorings. The Hampdens flew to the maximum distance that Tirpitz could have reached then turned to follow the track back to Altafjord, as far as the Catalina cross over patrols. After an uneventful flight, the Hampdens returned at from what turned out to be a false alarm; Tirpitz having moved to a nearby fjord. The S&SF Hampdens stayed at readiness and the Spitfires watched over Tirpitz until October. Operation Orator had deterred the Germans from risking their capital ships against PQ 18 and after converting the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) to the Hampden and Spitfire aircraft to be left behind, the aircrew and ground personnel returned to Britain. [1]

156 relations: Afrikanda (air base), Alakurtti (rural locality), Alta Airport, Altafjord, Arctic convoys of World War II, Arctic Ocean, Arjeplog, Arjeplog Municipality, Arkhangelsk, Article XV squadrons, Attack aircraft, Australia, B-Dienst, Barents Sea, Bletchley Park, Bodø Airport, British 18 inch torpedo, Canadian Associated Aircraft, Carburetor icing, Celestial navigation, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Convoy commodore, Convoy PQ 16, Convoy PQ 17, Convoy PQ 18, Convoy QP 14, Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, De Havilland Mosquito, Dead reckoning, Douglas Fisher (Royal Navy officer), Enigma machine, Escort carrier, Flying officer, Focke-Wulf Fw 190, Frank Hopps, Front line, Gefreiter, German battleship Tirpitz, German cruiser Admiral Hipper, German cruiser Admiral Scheer, German cruiser Köln, German Naval Intelligence Service, German occupation of Norway, Government Communications Headquarters, Groundcrew, Gulf of Bothnia, Handley Page Hampden, Hans-Jürgen Stumpff, Hawker Hurricane, Heinkel He 111, ..., Hermann Göring, History of the Second World War, Home Guard (Sweden), Hvalfjörður, Icing conditions, Internment, Internment camps in Sweden during World War II, Jagdgeschwader 5, James Catanach, John Tovey, 1st Baron Tovey, Jokkmokk, Junkers Ju 87, Junkers Ju 88, Kampfgeschwader 26, Kampfgeschwader 30, Kandalaksha, Karats, Kiberg, Kola Bay, Kola Peninsula, Kriegsmarine, Kvikkjokk, Lakhtinsky Razliv, Lakselv, Lakselv Airport, Banak, List of World War II British naval radar, Loch Ewe, Luftflotte 5, Luftwaffe, Massif, Matilda II, Messerschmitt Bf 109, Monchegorsk, Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast, Narvik, Nazi Germany, Neville Ramsbottom-Isherwood, No. 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit RAF, No. 144 Squadron RAF, No. 151 Wing RAF, No. 18 Group RAF, No. 210 Squadron RAF, No. 455 Squadron RAAF, North Cape (Norway), North Pole, North Sea, Northwestern Federal District, Norwegian Sea, Novaya Zemlya, Office of Public Sector Information, Officer (armed forces), Operation Barbarossa, Operation Benedict, Operation Dervish (1941), Operation Rösselsprung (1942), Organization of the Kriegsmarine, Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast, Pilot officer, Polyarny District, Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast, RAF Leuchars, RAF Sullom Voe, RAF Sumburgh, Rolf Carls, Royal Air Force, Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve, Royal Australian Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, Salvo, Sami people, Sarek National Park, Scapa Flow, Scotland, Scrambling (military), Section (military unit), Severomorsk, Severomorsk-1, Shetland, Sonar, Soviet Air Forces, Soviet Naval Aviation, Soviet Union, Spitsbergen, Squadron leader, Strafing, Submarine chaser, Svalbard, Sweden during World War II, Swedish neutrality, Torpedo, Torpedo bomber, Traffic analysis, U-boat, Ultra, United Kingdom, United States, Valentine tank, Van Mijenfjorden, Warrant officer, White Sea, Winston Churchill, Wireless telegraphy, World War II, Y-stations, Yakovlev. Expand index (106 more) »

Afrikanda (air base)

Afrikanda is a military air base in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

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Alakurtti (rural locality)

Alakurtti (Алакуртти) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located north of the Arctic Circle at an altitude of above sea level.

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Alta Airport

Alta Airport (Alta lufthavn) is an international airport serving Alta, a town and municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.

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Altafjord

Altafjord (Alta Fjord; Altafjorden; Alattionvuono) is a fjord in Alta Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.

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Arctic convoys of World War II

The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia.

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Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.

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Arjeplog

Arjeplog (Pite Sami: Árjepluovve) is a locality and the seat of Arjeplog Municipality in Norrbotten County, province of Lapland, Sweden with 1,977 inhabitants in 2010.

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Arjeplog Municipality

Arjeplog Municipality (Swedish: Arjeplogs kommun, Arjepluovvi gielda) is a municipality in Norrbotten County in northern Sweden.

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Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk (p), also known in English as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in the north of European Russia.

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Article XV squadrons

Article XV squadrons were Australian, Canadian, and New Zealand air force squadrons formed from graduates of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan (1939) during World War II.

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Attack aircraft

An attack aircraft, strike aircraft, or attack bomber, is a tactical military aircraft that has a primary role of carrying out airstrikes with greater precision than bombers, and is prepared to encounter strong low-level air defenses while pressing the attack.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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B-Dienst

The B-Dienst (Beobachtungsdienst, observation service), also called xB-Dienst, X-B-Dienst and χB-Dienst, was a Department of the German Naval Intelligence Service (Marinenachrichtendienst, MND III) of the OKM, that dealt with the interception and recording, decoding and analysis of the enemy, in particular British radio communications before and during World War II.

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Barents Sea

The Barents Sea (Barentshavet; Баренцево море, Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia divided between Norwegian and Russian territorial waters.

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Bletchley Park

Bletchley Park was the central site for British (and subsequently, Allied) codebreakers during World War II.

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Bodø Airport

Bodø Airport (Bodø lufthavn) is a civil airport in Bodø, Norway.

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British 18 inch torpedo

There have been a number of 18 inch torpedoes in service with the United Kingdom.

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Canadian Associated Aircraft

Canadian Associated Aircraft was a joint Canadian-United Kingdom project to build Handley Page Hampden aircraft in the late 1930s.

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Carburetor icing

Carburetor Icing, or carb icing, is an icing condition which can affect any carburetor under certain atmospheric conditions.

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Celestial navigation

Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the ancient and modern practice of position fixing that enables a navigator to transition through a space without having to rely on estimated calculations, or dead reckoning, to know their position.

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Consolidated PBY Catalina

The Consolidated PBY Catalina, also known as the Canso in Canadian service, is an American flying boat, and later an amphibious aircraft of the 1930s and 1940s produced by Consolidated Aircraft.

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Convoy commodore

Convoy commodore also known as Commodore, convoys was the title of a civilian put in charge of the good order of the merchant ships in the British convoys used during World War II.

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Convoy PQ 16

Convoy PQ 16 was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during the Second World War.

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Convoy PQ 17

PQ 17 was the code name for an Allied convoy in the Arctic Ocean during the Second World War.

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Convoy PQ 18

Convoy PQ 18 was an Arctic convoy of forty Allied freighters from Scotland and Iceland to Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union in the war against Nazi Germany.

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Convoy QP 14

QP 14 was an Arctic convoy of the QP series which ran during World War II from Archangel in Russia to Loch Ewe in Scotland.

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Curtiss P-40 Warhawk

The Curtiss P-40 Warhawk is an American single-engined, single-seat, all-metal fighter and ground-attack aircraft that first flew in 1938.

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De Havilland Mosquito

The de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito is a British twin-engine shoulder-winged multi-role combat aircraft.

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Dead reckoning

In navigation, dead reckoning is the process of calculating one's current position by using a previously determined position, or fix, and advancing that position based upon known or estimated speeds over elapsed time and course.

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Douglas Fisher (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir Douglas Blake Fisher KCB KBE (23 October 1890 – 4 October 1963) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Fourth Sea Lord.

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Enigma machine

The Enigma machines were a series of electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication.

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Escort carrier

The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier (US hull classification symbol CVE), also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, and the United States Navy in World War II.

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Flying officer

Flying officer (Fg Off in the RAF and IAF; FLGOFF in the RAAF; FGOFF in the RNZAF; formerly F/O in all services and still frequently in the RAF) is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence.

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Focke-Wulf Fw 190

The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger (Shrike) is a German single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed by Kurt Tank in the late 1930s and widely used during World War II.

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Frank Hopps

Air Vice Marshal Frank Linden Hopps, (3 December 1894 – 10 October 1976) was a senior officer of the Royal Air Force (RAF).

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Front line

A front line (alternative forms: front-line or frontline) in military terminology is the position(s) closest to the area of conflict of an armed force's personnel and equipment, generally referring to maritime or land forces.

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Gefreiter

Gefreiter (abbr. Gefr.) is a German, Swiss and Austrian military rank that has existed since the 16th century.

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German battleship Tirpitz

Tirpitz was the second of two s built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy) during World War II.

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German cruiser Admiral Hipper

Admiral Hipper, the first of five ships of her class, was the lead ship of the of heavy cruisers which served with Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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German cruiser Admiral Scheer

Admiral Scheer was a heavy cruiser (often termed a pocket battleship) which served with the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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German cruiser Köln

Köln was a light cruiser, the third member of the that was operated between 1929 and March 1945, including service in World War II.

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German Naval Intelligence Service

The German Naval Intelligence Service (German: Marinenachrichtendienst) (MND) was the naval intelligence department of the Germany Navy and had a long history, going back to the naval aspirations of German Emperor, Wilhelm II in 1899.

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German occupation of Norway

The German occupation of Norway began on 9 April 1940 after German forces invaded the neutral Scandinavian country of Norway.

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Government Communications Headquarters

The Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom.

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Groundcrew

In aviation, groundcrew or ground staff are the support personnel that service aircraft on the ground – as opposed to aircrew, who operate an aircraft while in flight.

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Gulf of Bothnia

The Gulf of Bothnia (Pohjanlahti; Bottenhavet) is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea.

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Handley Page Hampden

The Handley Page HP.52 Hampden was a British twin-engine medium bomber of the Royal Air Force (RAF).

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Hans-Jürgen Stumpff

Hans-Jürgen Stumpff (15 June 1889 – 9 March 1968), was a German general during World War II and was one of the signatories to Germany's unconditional surrender at the end of the war.

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Hawker Hurricane

The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–1940s that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd.

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Heinkel He 111

The Heinkel He 111 was a German aircraft designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1934.

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Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945.

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History of the Second World War

The History of the Second World War is the official history of the British contribution to the Second World War and was published by Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO).

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Home Guard (Sweden)

The Home Guard – National Security Forces (Hemvärnet – Nationella skyddsstyrkorna) is a military reserve force of the Swedish Armed Forces.

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Hvalfjörður

Hvalfjörður (whale-fjord) is situated in the west of Iceland between Mosfellsbær and Akranes.

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Icing conditions

In aviation, icing conditions are those atmospheric conditions that can lead to the formation of water ice on the surfaces of an aircraft, or within the engine as carburetor icing.

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Internment

Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges, and thus no trial.

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Internment camps in Sweden during World War II

A number of internment camps were operated by Sweden during World War II.

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Jagdgeschwader 5

Jagdgeschwader 5 (JG 5) was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II.

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James Catanach

James Catanach (28 November 1921 – 29 March 1944), known as "Jim" or Jimmy, was an Australian Handley Page Hampden bomber pilot who was taken prisoner during the Second World War.

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John Tovey, 1st Baron Tovey

Admiral of the Fleet John Cronyn Tovey, 1st Baron Tovey, (7 March 1885 – 12 January 1971), sometimes known as Jack Tovey, was a Royal Navy officer.

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Jokkmokk

Jokkmokk (Lule Sámi: Jåhkåmåhkke or Dálvvadis; Northern Sámi: Dálvvadis; Finnish: Jokimukka) is a locality and the seat of Jokkmokk Municipality in Norrbotten County, province of Lapland, Sweden with 2,786 inhabitants in 2010.

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Junkers Ju 87

The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from Sturzkampfflugzeug, "dive bomber") is a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft.

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Junkers Ju 88

The Junkers Ju 88 was a German World War II Luftwaffe twin-engined multirole combat aircraft.

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Kampfgeschwader 26

Kampfgeschwader 26 (KG 26) "Löwengeschwader" (in English Bomber Wing 26 aka "Lions' Wing" by virtue of its insignia) was a German air force Luftwaffe bomber wing unit during World War II.

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Kampfgeschwader 30

Kampfgeschwader 30 (KG 30) was a Luftwaffe bomber wing during World War II.

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Kandalaksha

Kandalaksha (Кандала́кша; Kantalahti, also Kandalax or Candalax in the old maps; Kannanlakši; Käddluhtt) is a town in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located at the head of Kandalaksha Gulf on the White Sea, north of the Arctic Circle.

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Karats

Karats (Gárásj) is a 60 km² mountain lake in Norrbotten County, Lappland west of Jokkmokk that drains into Small Lule River by way of Pärl River.

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Kiberg

Kiberg (Kiiperi) is a village in Vardø Municipality in eastern Finnmark county, Norway.

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Kola Bay

Kola Bay (Кольский залив) or Murmansk Fjord is a 57-km-long fjord of the Barents Sea that cuts into the northern part of the Kola Peninsula.

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Kola Peninsula

The Kola Peninsula (Ко́льский полуо́стров, Kolsky poluostrov; from Куэлнэгк нёаррк, Kuelnegk njoarrk; Guoládatnjárga; Kuolan niemimaa; Kolahalvøya) is a peninsula in the far northwest of Russia.

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Kriegsmarine

The Kriegsmarine (literally "War Navy") was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Kvikkjokk

Kvikkjokk is a small village situated in Jokkmokk Municipality, Norrbotten County, Sweden.

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Lakhtinsky Razliv

Lake Lakhta (Russian: Лахтинский разлив; Lakhtinsky razliv; from Finnish lahti, 'gulf') is a lake (or inlet) in St. Petersburg's Primorsky District connected to the Neva Bay of the Baltic Sea by the 500-meter-long Bobylka River.

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Lakselv

(Leavdnja; Lemmijoki) is the largest village and administrative centre of Porsanger Municipality in Finnmark county, Norway.

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Lakselv Airport, Banak

Lakselv Airport, Banak (Lakselv lufthavn, Banak) is an international airport located at Banak, north of Lakselv, in the municipality of Porsanger, Finnmark county, Norway.

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List of World War II British naval radar

This page is a List of World War II British naval radar.

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Loch Ewe

Loch Ewe (Loch Iùbh) is a sea loch in the region of Wester Ross in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland.

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Luftflotte 5

Luftflotte 5 (Air Fleet 5) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II.

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Massif

In geology, a massif is a section of a planet's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures.

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Matilda II

The Infantry Tank Mark II, best known as the Matilda, was a British infantry tank of the Second World War.

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Messerschmitt Bf 109

The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German World War II fighter aircraft that was the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force.

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Monchegorsk

Monchegorsk (Мончего́рск) is a town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located on the Kola Peninsula, south of Murmansk, the administrative center of the oblast.

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Murmansk

Murmansk (p; Мурман ланнҍ; Murmánska; Muurman) is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia.

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Murmansk Oblast

Murmansk Oblast (r) is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the northwestern part of the country.

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Narvik

(Norwegian) or Áhkanjárga (Northern Sami) is the third-largest town and municipality in Nordland county, Norway by population.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Neville Ramsbottom-Isherwood

Wing Commander Henry Neville Gynes Ramsbottom-Isherwood (13 July 1905 – 24 April 1950) was a New Zealand born Royal Air Force test pilot and commanding officer during the Second World War and the post-war period.

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No. 1 Photographic Reconnaissance Unit RAF

No.

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No. 144 Squadron RAF

No.

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No. 151 Wing RAF

No 151 Wing Royal Air Force was a British unit which fought alongside the Soviet forces on the Kola Peninsula during the first months of Operation Barbarossa, in the Second World War.

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No. 18 Group RAF

No.

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No. 210 Squadron RAF

No.

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No. 455 Squadron RAAF

No.

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North Cape (Norway)

North Cape (Nordkapp; Davvenjárga) is a cape on the northern coast of the island of Magerøya in Northern Norway.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

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Northwestern Federal District

Northwestern Federal District (Се́веро-За́падный федера́льный о́круг, Severo-Zapadny federalny okrug) is one of the eight federal districts of Russia.

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Norwegian Sea

The Norwegian Sea (Norskehavet) is a marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean, northwest of Norway.

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Novaya Zemlya

Novaya Zemlya (p, lit. the new land), also known as Nova Zembla (especially in Dutch), is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in northern Russia and the extreme northeast of Europe, the easternmost point of Europe lying at Cape Flissingsky on the Northern island.

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Office of Public Sector Information

The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom.

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Officer (armed forces)

An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.

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Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

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Operation Benedict

Operation Benedict (29 July – 6 December 1941) was the establishment during the Second World War of a fighter wing (Force Benedict) of the Royal Air Force (RAF) with the units of the ''Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily'' (VVS, Soviet Air Forces) in north Russia, against the Luftwaffe (German air force) and the Suomen Ilmavoimat (Finnish Air Force) over the Arctic Ocean.

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Operation Dervish (1941)

Operation Dervish was the first of the Arctic Convoys of World War II by which the Western Allies supplied material aid to the Soviet Union in its fight with Nazi Germany.

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Operation Rösselsprung (1942)

Rösselsprung was a plan by the German Kriegsmarine to intercept an arctic convoy in mid-1942.

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Organization of the Kriegsmarine

The organization of the Kriegsmarine refers to the operational and administrative structure of the German Navy from 1935 to 1945.

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Pechenga (urban-type settlement), Murmansk Oblast

Pechenga (Пече́нга; Finnish and Petsamo; Petsjenga; Beahcán; Peäccam) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pechengsky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

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Pilot officer

Pilot officer (Plt Off officially in the RAF; PLTOFF in the RAAF and RNZAF; formerly P/O in all services, and still often used in the RAF) is the lowest commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth countries.

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Polyarny District

Polyarny District (Поля́рный райо́н) was an administrative division (a district) of Murmansk Okrug of Leningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, and later of Murmansk Oblast, which existed in 1927–1960.

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Polyarny, Murmansk Oblast

Polyarny (Поля́рный) is a town and the administrative center of the closed administrative-territorial formation of Alexandrovsk in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the outermost western side of the Kola Bay.

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RAF Leuchars

Royal Air Force Leuchars or RAF Leuchars was a Royal Air Force station located in Leuchars, Fife, on the east coast of Scotland.

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RAF Sullom Voe

Royal Air Force Station Sullom Voe or more simply RAF Sullom Voe is a former Royal Air Force station near the village of Brae, in the Shetland Isles of Scotland.

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RAF Sumburgh

RAF Sumburgh was located on the southern tip of the mainland island of the Shetland Islands, and was home to half of No. 404 Squadron RCAF, (Royal Canadian Air Force).

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Rolf Carls

Rolf Carl Wilhelm Hans Carls (29 May 1885 – 24 April 1945) was a German admiral during World War II.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve

The Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR) consists of a number of groupings of Royal Air Force reservists for the management and operation of the RAF's Volunteer Gliding Squadrons and Air Experience Flights of the Royal Air Force Air Cadets.

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Royal Australian Air Force

The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), formed March 1921, is the aerial warfare branch of the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

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Royal Canadian Air Force

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air force of Canada.

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Salvo

A salvo is the simultaneous discharge of artillery or firearms including the firing of guns either to hit a target or to perform a salute.

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Sami people

The Sami people (also known as the Sámi or the Saami) are a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses large parts of Norway and Sweden, northern parts of Finland, and the Murmansk Oblast of Russia.

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Sarek National Park

Sarek National Park (Sareks nationalpark) is a national park in Jokkmokk Municipality, Lapland in northern Sweden.

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Scapa Flow

Scapa Flow viewed from its eastern end in June 2009 Scapa Flow is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray,S.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scrambling (military)

In military aviation, scrambling is the act of quickly getting military aircraft airborne to react to an immediate threat, usually to intercept hostile aircraft.

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Section (military unit)

A section is a military sub-subunit.

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Severomorsk

Severomorsk (Северомо́рск), previously known as Vayenga (Ваенга), is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

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Severomorsk-1

Severomorsk-1, formerly known as Vayenga-1, is a naval air base in Murmansk Oblast, Russia located 4 km south of Severomorsk (formerly called Vayenga).

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Shetland

Shetland (Old Norse: Hjaltland), also called the Shetland Islands, is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies northeast of Great Britain.

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Sonar

Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Soviet Air Forces

The Soviet Air Forces (r (VVS), literally "Military Air Forces") was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union.

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Soviet Naval Aviation

Soviet Naval Aviation (AV-MF, for Авиация военно-морского флота in Russian, or Aviatsiya voyenno-morskogo flota, literally "aviation of the military maritime fleet") was a part of the Soviet Navy.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spitsbergen

Spitsbergen (formerly known as West Spitsbergen; Norwegian: Vest Spitsbergen or Vestspitsbergen, also sometimes spelled Spitzbergen) is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in northern Norway.

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Squadron leader

Squadron leader (Sqn Ldr in the RAF; SQNLDR in the RAAF and RNZAF; formerly sometimes S/L in all services) is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence.

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Strafing

Strafing is the military practice of attacking ground targets from low-flying aircraft using aircraft-mounted automatic weapons Less commonly, the term can be used—by extension—to describe high-speed firing runs by any land or naval craft (e.g. fast boats) using smaller-caliber weapons and targeting stationary or slow-moving targets.

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Submarine chaser

A submarine chaser is a small and fast naval vessel that is specifically intended for anti-submarine warfare.

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Svalbard

Svalbard (prior to 1925 known by its Dutch name Spitsbergen, still the name of its largest island) is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.

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Sweden during World War II

Sweden maintained its policy of neutrality during World War II.

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Swedish neutrality

Swedish neutrality refers to Sweden's former policy of neutrality in armed conflicts, which was in effect from the early 19th century, until 2009, when Sweden entered into various mutual defence treaties with the EU, and other Nordic countries.

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Torpedo

A modern torpedo is a self-propelled weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with its target or in proximity to it.

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Torpedo bomber

A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes.

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Traffic analysis

Traffic analysis is the process of intercepting and examining messages in order to deduce information from patterns in communication, which can be performed even when the messages are encrypted.

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U-boat

U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".

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Ultra

Ultra was the designation adopted by British military intelligence in June 1941 for wartime signals intelligence obtained by breaking high-level encrypted enemy radio and teleprinter communications at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Valentine tank

The Tank, Infantry, Mk III, Valentine was an infantry tank produced in the United Kingdom during the Second World War.

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Van Mijenfjorden

Van Mijenfjorden is the third-longest fjord in Norway's Svalbard archipelago.

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Warrant officer

A warrant officer (WO) is an officer in a military organisation who is designated an officer by a warrant, as distinguished from a commissioned officer who is designated an officer by a commission, and a non-commissioned officer who is designated an officer, often by virtue of seniority.

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White Sea

The White Sea (Белое море, Béloye móre; Karelian and Vienanmeri, lit. Dvina Sea; Сэрако ямʼ, Serako yam) is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

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Wireless telegraphy

Wireless telegraphy is the transmission of telegraphy signals from one point to another by means of an electromagnetic, electrostatic or magnetic field, or by electrical current through the earth or water.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Y-stations

Y-stations were British signals intelligence collection sites established during the First World War and used again during the Second World War.

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Yakovlev

The JSC A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau (ОАО Опытно-конструкторское бюро им.) is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Orator

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