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138 relations: Adam Ulam, Advocacy group, Anti-communism, Anti-fascism, Appeal to nature, Authoritarianism, Backbencher, Ben Macintyre, Benito Mussolini, Biopolitics, Bolsheviks, Brutalist architecture, Business, Carl Joachim Friedrich, Carl Schmitt, Censorship, Chatham House, China, Church (building), City Journal (New York City), Class conflict, Claude Lefort, Cold War, Collective leadership, Columnist, Communist state, Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism, Conservatism, Cortes Generales, Cult of personality, Decadence, Democracy, Democratic socialism, Dictator, Dictatorship, Discipline and Punish, E. H. Carr, Epping (UK Parliament constituency), Eric Hoffer, Ernst Nolte, Fascism, Fear, François Furet, Franz Borkenau, Garden, George Orwell, Giovanni Amendola, Giovanni Gentile, Giovanni Sartori, Hannah Arendt, ..., Hedonism, Historical revisionism, Historicism, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Ideology, Italian Fascism, J. Arch Getty, Jacob Talmon, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Jeremy Bentham, Jerry F. Hough, Joseph Stalin, Juan José Linz, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Karl Popper, Leonard Schapiro, Leopold Labedz, Liberal democracy, Ludwig von Mises, Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Mass media, Mass surveillance, Michel Foucault, Military dictatorship, Ministries of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Munich Agreement, Nationalism and Culture, Nazi Germany, Nazism, New class, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Nomenklatura, Nonprofit organization, Omnipotent Government, One-party state, Panopticon, Planned economy, Pluralism (political theory), Political party, Political repression, Power (social and political), Private sphere, Propaganda, Raymond Aron, Reactionary, Red Army, Regime, Richard Löwenthal, Richard Pipes, Robert Conquest, Robert Jaulin, Robert W. Thurston, Rudolf Rocker, Sacrifice, Secret police, Selfishness, Sheila Fitzpatrick, Slavoj Žižek, Social class, Social Credit System, Social science, Soviet Union, Spanish Civil War, Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups, Stalinism, Stanley G. Payne, State (polity), State terrorism, Sudetenland, The Concept of the Political, The Open Society and Its Enemies, The Origins of Totalitarianism, The Poverty of Historicism, The Times, The True Believer, Theodore Dalrymple, Totalitarian democracy, Trade union, Tyrant, Walter Laqueur, Weimar Republic, Western world, Why I Write, Winston Churchill, World War I, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Zhelyu Zhelev. Expand index (88 more) »
Adam Ulam
Adam Bruno Ulam (8 April 1922 – 28 March 2000) was a Polish-American historian of Jewish descent and political scientist at Harvard University.
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Advocacy group
Advocacy groups (also known as pressure groups, lobby groups, campaign groups, interest groups, or special interest groups) use various forms of advocacy in order to influence public opinion and/or policy.
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Anti-communism
Anti-communism is opposition to communism.
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Anti-fascism
Anti-fascism is opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.
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Appeal to nature
An appeal to nature is an argument or rhetorical tactic in which it is proposed that "a thing is good because it is 'natural', or bad because it is 'unnatural.
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Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.
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Backbencher
In Westminster parliamentary systems, a backbencher is a Member of Parliament (MP) or a legislator who holds no governmental office and is not a frontbench spokesperson in the Opposition, being instead simply a member of the "rank and file".
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Ben Macintyre
Benedict Richard Pierce Macintyre (born 25 December 1963) is a British author, historian, reviewer and columnist writing for The Times newspaper.
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Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).
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Biopolitics
Biopolitics is an intersectional field between biology and politics.
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Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
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Brutalist architecture
Brutalist architecture flourished from 1951 to 1975, having descended from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century.
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Business
Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (goods and services).
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Carl Joachim Friedrich
Carl Joachim Friedrich (born June 5, 1901, Leipzig, German Empire – September 19, 1984, Lexington, Massachusetts) was a German-American professor and political theorist.
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Carl Schmitt
Carl Schmitt (11 July 1888 – 7 April 1985) was a conservative German jurist and political theorist.
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Censorship
Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.
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Chatham House
The Royal Institute of International Affairs, commonly known as Chatham House, is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation based in London whose mission is to analyse and promote the understanding of major international issues and current affairs.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Church (building)
A church building or church house, often simply called a church, is a building used for Christian religious activities, particularly for worship services.
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City Journal (New York City)
City Journal is a quarterly magazine published by the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, a conservative think tank based in New York City.
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Class conflict
Class conflict, frequently referred to as class warfare or class struggle, is the tension or antagonism which exists in society due to competing socioeconomic interests and desires between people of different classes.
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Claude Lefort
Claude Lefort (21 April 1924 in Paris – 3 October 2010 in Paris) was a French philosopher and activist.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Collective leadership
Collective leadership is a distribution of power within an organisational structure.
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Columnist
A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions.
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Communist state
A Communist state (sometimes referred to as workers' state) is a state that is administered and governed by a single party, guided by Marxist–Leninist philosophy, with the aim of achieving communism.
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Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
A number of authors have carried out comparisons of Nazism and Stalinism, in which they have considered the similarities and differences of the two ideologies and political systems, what relationship existed between the two regimes, and why both of them came to prominence at the same time.
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Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.
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Cortes Generales
The Cortes Generales (General Courts) are the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Spain, consisting of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).
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Cult of personality
A cult of personality arises when a country's regime – or, more rarely, an individual politician – uses the techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.
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Decadence
The word decadence, which at first meant simply "decline" in an abstract sense, is now most often used to refer to a perceived decay in standards, morals, dignity, religious faith, or skill at governing among the members of the elite of a very large social structure, such as an empire or nation state.
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Democracy
Democracy (δημοκρατία dēmokraa thetía, literally "rule by people"), in modern usage, has three senses all for a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting.
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Democratic socialism
Democratic socialism is a political philosophy that advocates political democracy alongside social ownership of the means of production with an emphasis on self-management and/or democratic management of economic institutions within a market socialist, participatory or decentralized planned economy.
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Dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power.
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Dictatorship
A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government, characterized by a single leader or group of leaders with either no party or a weak party, little mass mobilization, and limited political pluralism.
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Discipline and Punish
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Surveiller et punir : Naissance de la prison) is a 1975 book by the French philosopher Michel Foucault.
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E. H. Carr
Edward Hallett "Ted" Carr (28 June 1892 – 3 November 1982) was an English historian, diplomat, journalist and international relations theorist, and an opponent of empiricism within historiography.
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Epping (UK Parliament constituency)
Epping was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 1885 to 1974.
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Eric Hoffer
Eric Hoffer (July 25, 1902 – May 21, 1983) was an American moral and social philosopher.
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Ernst Nolte
Ernst Nolte (11 January 1923 – 18 August 2016) was a German historian and philosopher.
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Fascism
Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian ultranationalism, characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce, which came to prominence in early 20th-century Europe.
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Fear
Fear is a feeling induced by perceived danger or threat that occurs in certain types of organisms, which causes a change in metabolic and organ functions and ultimately a change in behavior, such as fleeing, hiding, or freezing from perceived traumatic events.
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François Furet
François Furet (27 March 1927, Paris – 12 July 1997, Figeac) was a French historian, and president of the Saint-Simon Foundation, well known for his books on the French Revolution.
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Franz Borkenau
Franz Borkenau (December 15, 1900 – May 22, 1957) was an Austrian writer and publicist.
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Garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature.
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George Orwell
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism.
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Giovanni Amendola
Giovanni Amendola (15 April 1882 in Naples – 7 April 1926 in Cannes) was an Italian journalist and politician, noted as an opponent of Fascism.
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Giovanni Gentile
Giovanni Gentile (30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician.
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Giovanni Sartori
Giovanni Sartori (13 May 1924 – 4 April 2017) was an Italian political scientist specialized in the study of democracy and comparative politics.
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Hannah Arendt
Johanna "Hannah" Arendt (14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a German-born American philosopher and political theorist.
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Hedonism
Hedonism is a school of thought that argues that the pursuit of pleasure and intrinsic goods are the primary or most important goals of human life.
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Historical revisionism
In historiography, the term historical revisionism identifies the re-interpretation of the historical record.
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Historicism
Historicism is the idea of attributing meaningful significance to space and time, such as historical period, geographical place, and local culture.
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House of Commons of the United Kingdom
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
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Ideology
An Ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group holds for other than purely epistemic reasons.
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Italian Fascism
Italian Fascism (fascismo italiano), also known simply as Fascism, is the original fascist ideology as developed in Italy.
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J. Arch Getty
John Archibald Getty, III (born November 30, 1950) is an American historian and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, specializing in the History of Russia and History of the Soviet Union.
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Jacob Talmon
Jacob Leib Talmon (Hebrew: יעקב טלמון; June 14, 1916 – June 16, 1980) was Professor of Modern History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
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Jeane Kirkpatrick
Jeane Duane Kirkpatrick (née Jordan; November 19, 1926 – December 7, 2006) was an American diplomat and political scientist.
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Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham (15 February 1748 – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.
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Jerry F. Hough
Jerry Fincher Hough (born 1935) is the James B. Duke Professor of Political Science at Duke University.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.
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Juan José Linz
Juan José Linz (24 December 1926 – 1 October 2013) was a Spanish sociologist and political scientist.
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Karl Dietrich Bracher
Karl Dietrich Bracher (13 March 1922 – 19 September 2016) was a German political scientist and historian of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.
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Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.
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Leonard Schapiro
Leonard Bertram Naman Schapiro CBE (22 April 1908 in Glasgow – 2 November 1983 in London) was a British academic and scholar of Russian politics.
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Leopold Labedz
Leopold Łabędź (22 January 1920 – 22 March 1993) was an anti-communist Anglo-Polish commentator on the Soviet Union.
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Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy is a liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.
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Ludwig von Mises
Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (29 September 1881 – 10 October 1973) was an Austrian-American theoretical Austrian School economist.
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Marxism
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.
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Marxism–Leninism
In political science, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, of the Communist International and of Stalinist political parties.
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Mass media
The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication.
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Mass surveillance
Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population in order to monitor that group of citizens.
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Michel Foucault
Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), generally known as Michel Foucault, was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, and literary critic.
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Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship (also known as a military junta) is a form of government where in a military force exerts complete or substantial control over political authority.
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Ministries of Nineteen Eighty-Four
The Ministries of Love, Peace, Plenty, and Truth are ministries in George Orwell's futuristic dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, set in Oceania.
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Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.
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Nationalism and Culture
Nationalism and Culture is a nonfiction book by German anarcho-syndicalist writer Rudolf Rocker.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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New class
The new class is used as a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet type of Communism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries which arose in these states.
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Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.
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Nomenklatura
The nomenklatura (p; nomenclatura) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy, running all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.
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Nonprofit organization
A non-profit organization (NPO), also known as a non-business entity or non-profit institution, is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a shared point of view.
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Omnipotent Government
Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press.
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One-party state
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution.
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Panopticon
The Panopticon is a type of institutional building and a system of control designed by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century.
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Planned economy
A planned economy is a type of economic system where investment and the allocation of capital goods take place according to economy-wide economic and production plans.
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Pluralism (political theory)
Classical pluralism is the view that politics and decision making are located mostly in the framework of government, but that many non-governmental groups use their resources to exert influence.
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Political party
A political party is an organised group of people, often with common views, who come together to contest elections and hold power in government.
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Political repression
Political repression is the persecution of an individual or group within society for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing their ability to take part in the political life of a society thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.
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Power (social and political)
In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.
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Private sphere
The private sphere is the complement or opposite to the public sphere.
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Propaganda
Propaganda is information that is not objective and is used primarily to influence an audience and further an agenda, often by presenting facts selectively to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is presented.
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Raymond Aron
Raymond Claude Ferdinand Aron (14 March 1905 – 17 October 1983) was a French philosopher, sociologist, political scientist, and journalist. He is best known for his 1955 book The Opium of the Intellectuals, the title of which inverts Karl Marx's claim that religion was the opium of the people – Aron argues that in post-war France, Marxism was the opium of the intellectuals.
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Reactionary
A reactionary is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante, the previous political state of society, which they believe possessed characteristics (discipline, respect for authority, etc.) that are negatively absent from the contemporary status quo of a society.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Regime
In politics, a regime (also known as "régime", from the original French spelling) is the form of government or the set of rules, cultural or social norms, etc.
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Richard Löwenthal
Richard Löwenthal (April 15, 1908 – August 9, 1991) was a Jewish German journalist and professor who wrote mostly on the problems of democracy, communism, and world politics.
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Richard Pipes
Richard Edgar Pipes (Ryszard Pipes; July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was a Polish American academic who specialized in Russian history, particularly with respect to the Soviet Union, who espoused a strong anti-communist point of view throughout his career.
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Robert Conquest
George Robert Acworth Conquest, CMG, OBE, FBA, FAAAS, FRSL, FBIS (15 July 1917 – 3 August 2015) was an English-American historian, propagandist and poet.
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Robert Jaulin
Robert Jaulin (7 March 1928, Le Cannet, Alpes-Maritimes – 21 November 1996, Grosrouvre) was a French ethnologist.
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Robert W. Thurston
Robert W. Thurston is an American historian, author, and former history professor at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.
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Rudolf Rocker
Johann Rudolf Rocker (March 25, 1873 – September 19, 1958) was an anarchist writer and activist.
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Sacrifice
Sacrifice is the offering of food, objects or the lives of animals to a higher purpose, in particular divine beings, as an act of propitiation or worship.
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Secret police
The term secret police (or political police)Ilan Berman & J. Michael Waller, "Introduction: The Centrality of the Secret Police" in Dismantling Tyranny: Transitioning Beyond Totalitarian Regimes (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), p. xv.
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Selfishness
Selfishness is being concerned excessively or exclusively, for oneself or one's own advantage, pleasure, or welfare, regardless of others.
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Sheila Fitzpatrick
Sheila Fitzpatrick (born June 4, 1941) is an Australian historian.
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Slavoj Žižek
Slavoj Žižek (born 21 March 1949) is a Slovenian continental philosopher.
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Social class
A social class is a set of subjectively defined concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the upper, middle and lower classes.
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Social Credit System
The Social Credit System (社会信用体系 shèhuì xìnyòng tǐxì) is a proposed Chinese government initiative for developing a national reputation system.
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Social science
Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.
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Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups
The Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Right-wing Groups (Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas, CEDA) was a Spanish political party in the Second Spanish Republic.
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Stalinism
Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).
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Stanley G. Payne
Stanley George Payne (born September 9, 1934 in Denton, Texas) is an American historian of modern Spain and European Fascism at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
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State (polity)
A state is a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory.
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State terrorism
State terrorism refers to acts of terrorism conducted by a state against foreign targets or against its own people.
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Sudetenland
The Sudetenland (Czech and Sudety; Kraj Sudecki) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans.
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The Concept of the Political
The Concept of the Political (German: Der Begriff des Politischen) is a 1932 work by the German philosopher and jurist Carl Schmitt, in which the author examines the fundamental nature of the "political" and its place in the modern world.
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The Open Society and Its Enemies
The Open Society and Its Enemies is a work on political philosophy by the philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author presents a "defence of the open society against its enemies", and offers a critique of theories of teleological historicism, according to which history unfolds inexorably according to universal laws.
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The Origins of Totalitarianism
The Origins of Totalitarianism (Elemente und Ursprünge totaler Herrschaft, "Elements and Origins of Totalitarian Rule"; 1951), by Hannah Arendt, describes and analyzes Nazism and Stalinism, the major totalitarian political movements of the first half of the 20th century.
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The Poverty of Historicism
The Poverty of Historicism is a 1957 book by philosopher Karl Popper, in which the author argues that the idea of historicism is dangerous and bankrupt.
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The Times
The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.
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The True Believer
The True Believer: Thoughts On The Nature Of Mass Movements is a 1951 social psychology book by American writer Eric Hoffer, in which the author discusses the psychological causes of fanaticism.
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Theodore Dalrymple
Anthony Malcolm Daniels (born 11 October 1949), who generally uses the pen name Theodore Dalrymple, is an English writer and retired prison doctor and psychiatrist.
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Totalitarian democracy
Totalitarian democracy, or anarcho-monarchism, is a term popularized by Israeli historian J. L. Talmon to refer to a system of government in which lawfully elected representatives maintain the integrity of a nation state whose citizens, while granted the right to vote, have little or no participation in the decision-making process of the government.
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Trade union
A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.
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Tyrant
A tyrant (Greek τύραννος, tyrannos), in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or person, or one who has usurped legitimate sovereignty.
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Walter Laqueur
Walter Ze'ev Laqueur (born 26 May 1921) is an American historian, journalist and political commentator.
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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Why I Write
"Why I Write" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell detailing his personal journey to becoming a writer.
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Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer, who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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Zbigniew Brzezinski
Zbigniew Kazimierz "Zbig" Brzezinski (March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017) was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist.
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Zhelyu Zhelev
Zhelyu Mitev Zhelev (Желю Митев Желев; 3 March 1935 – 30 January 2015) was a Bulgarian politician and former dissident who served as the first non-Communist President of Bulgaria from 1990 to 1997.
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Redirects here:
Economic totalitarianism, Total state, Totalistic, Totalitarian, Totalitarian Dictatorship, Totalitarian State, Totalitarian dictators, Totalitarian dictatorship, Totalitarian government, Totalitarian model, Totalitarian regime, Totalitarian regimes, Totalitarian rule, Totalitarian state, Totalitarian system, Totalitarianism and authoritarianism, Totalitarianist, Totalitarism, Totaliterianism, Totallitarian.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totalitarianism
