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George Orwell

Index George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism. [1]

491 relations: A Clergyman's Daughter, A Hanging, A Modern Utopia, A Nice Cup of Tea, A. J. Ayer, A. S. F. Gow, Ahmed Ali (writer), Air Ministry, Albert Camus, Alcubierre, Aldous Huxley, All Saints' Church, Sutton Courtenay, Allotment (gardening), Anarchism, Anarcho-syndicalism, Andrew Anthony, Aneurin Bevan, Animal Farm, Anthony Powell, Anti-fascism, Anti-Stalinist left, Antisemitism, Anton Chekhov, Aragon, Arthur Koestler, As I Please, Asperger syndrome, Association football, Authoritarianism, Aylesford, Banyuls-sur-Mer, Barbastro, Barcelona, Barnhill, Jura, Barnsley, Battle of Britain, BBC, Ben Wattenberg, Bengal Presidency, Bernard Crick, Bertrand Russell, Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four), Bihar, Blue plaque, Bob Edwards (politician), Book of Common Prayer, Bramley, Leeds, Brave New World, British Council, British Empire, ..., British Raj, British Union of Fascists, Broadcasting House, Brontë Parsonage Museum, Bryn Hall Colliery, Bungalow, Burmah Oil, Burmese Days, Burnham Beeches, Canonbury, Carlton, County Durham, Cartel des Gauches, Casablanca, Catalonia, Cato Institute, Cauterization, Charles Dickens, Charles Reade, Charlie Chaplin, Charlotte Brontë, Christopher Hitchens, Christopher Norris (critic), Church of England, Clean Air Act 1956, Clough Williams-Ellis, Cold war (general term), Colonialism, Coming Up for Air, Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist Party of Spain, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, Convent, Cornwall, Cotswolds, Coventry, Cram school, Cranham, Gloucestershire, Critical Essays (Orwell), Crumpet, Culture of England, Cyril Connolly, D. H. Lawrence, D. J. Taylor, Daniel Defoe, Daphne Patai, Darkness at Noon, David Astor, David Holbrook, Democratic socialism, Dengue fever, Doublethink, Down and Out in Paris and London, Dunkirk evacuation, Dylan Thomas, Dystopia, E. H. Carr, E. M. Forster, East Champaran district, East End of London, Eastbourne, Eastern world, EconTalk, Edwardian era, Eileen Blair, Electrotherapy, Emma Larkin, Enemies of Promise, England Your England, Eric & Us, Eric, or, Little by Little, Esperanto, Etiquette, Eton College, Eton wall game, Evelyn Waugh, Faber and Faber, Fahrenheit 451, Fairy tale, FET y de las JONS, Fish and chips, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Fortnum & Mason, François Coty, Frances Stonor Saunders, Francisco Franco, Frays River, Fredric Warburg, Free newspaper, French invasion of Russia, French protectorate in Morocco, G. K. Chesterton, G. K.'s Weekly, GCE Advanced Level, General Certificate of Secondary Education, Geoffrey Gorer, George Bernard Shaw, George Gissing, George Orwell, George Orwell bibliography, George Strauss, George Woodcock, Georges Kopp, Gibraltar, Graham Greene, Greenwich, Grimethorpe, Gulf of Corryvreckan, Gulliver's Travels, Gustave Flaubert, H. G. Wells, Half crown (British coin), Hans Christian Andersen, Harper (publisher), Harper's Magazine, Harrow History Prize, Harry Pollitt, Harvill Secker, Haworth, Hayes, Hillingdon, Hôpital Cochin, Headingley, Henley Standard, Henley-on-Thames, Henri Barbusse, Henry Fielding, Henry Miller, Herman Melville, Hill station, Homage to Catalonia, Home Guard (United Kingdom), Home Office, Homophobia, Hoover Institution, Hops, Horizon (magazine), How the Poor Die, Huesca, Humanism, Humphrey Slater, Hysterectomy, Iain King, ILP Contingent, Independent Labour Party, India, Indian Civil Service (British India), Indian Imperial Police, Indian Police Service, Information Research Department, Inner Hebrides, Insein Prison, Insein Township, Inside the Whale and Other Essays, International Brigades, Irrawaddy Delta, Irving Howe, Islington, J. B. Priestley, Jacintha Buddicom, Jack Common, Jack London, Jakin (magazine), James Burnham, James Joyce, James Wood (critic), Joe Sutton, John McNair (British politician), John Middleton Murry, John Newsinger, John Podhoretz, John Strachey (politician), John Vaughan Wilkes, Jon Kimche, Jonathan Cape, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Conrad, Joxe Azurmendi, Jura, Scotland, Karen people, Karl Polanyi, Katha, Myanmar, Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl, Kazi Lhendup Dorjee, Keep the Aspidistra Flying, Kentish Town, Kilburn, London, King's Scholar, Kingdom of Italy, Kingsley Martin, Kipper, Labour Leader, Labour Party (UK), Lager, Lancashire, Landed gentry, Langham, Essex, Le Figaro, Le Gaulois, Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool, Leave (military), Leeds, Left Book Club, Leo Myers, Leonard Moore (literary agent), Liberty Fund, Limehouse Causeway, List of British cheeses, Literary agent, Literary criticism, Literary magazine, Liverpool, Lleida, London, London Evening Standard, London King's Cross railway station, Lucian Freud, Lucknow, Macclesfield, Maida Vale, Malcolm Muggeridge, Manchester, Manchester Evening News, Mandalay, Mark Twain, Marmalade, Marrakesh, Martin Jennings, Marylebone, Master in College, Mawlamyine, Max Plowman, May Days, Memory hole, Metropolitan Police Service, MI5, Michael Ayrton, Michael Fitzgerald (psychiatrist), Michael Shelden, Middlesex, Minister of Food, Ministries of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Ministry of Information (United Kingdom), Mises Institute, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Monde (review), Morning Star (British newspaper), Mortar (weapon), Moscow Trials, Motihari, Mulk Raj Anand, Museum of Wigan Life, Myaungmya, Napoleon, Nazi Germany, Nazism, Neoconservatism, Neologism, New Statesman, Newcastle upon Tyne, News, News Chronicle, Newspeak, Newsweek, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Northern England, Notes on Nationalism, Novella, Off-Broadway, Ordnance Survey National Grid, Orwell Prize, Orwell's list, Orwellian, Oswald Mosley, Oxford University Press, Oxfordshire, P. G. Wodehouse, Partisan Review, Paul Potts (writer), Pen name, Peter Davison (professor), Peter Smollett, Philip Bounds, Piers Brendon, Polemic, Polemic (magazine), Political culture, Politics and Letters: Interviews with New Left Review, Politics and the English Language, Popular culture, Portobello Road, POUM, Press pass, Prolefeed, Proles, Prometheus Award, Pub, Public school (United Kingdom), Pukka sahib, Pyin Oo Lwin, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Ray Bradbury, Raymond Williams, Rayner Heppenstall, Reginald Reynolds, Reinhold Niebuhr, Revolutionary Catalonia, Richard Rees, Richard Stanley Peters, River Thames, River Trent, Roast beef, Roger Mynors, Roman à clef, Rudyard Kipling, Rue de Rivoli, Russian Revolution, Ruth Pitter, SAGE Publications, Saint Felix School, Samuel Johnson, Satire, School corporal punishment, Searchlight Books, Second Spanish Republic, Secular humanism, Secular saint, Shag (tobacco), Sheet metal, Sheffield, Shiplake, Shooting an Elephant, Shooting stick, Shove ha'penny, Siétamo, Social class, Social justice, Sonia Orwell, Southwold, Spanish Civil War, Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Special Branch, Sri Lanka, St Cyprian's School, St John's Wood, Staffordshire Potteries, Stalinism, Stan Laurel, Statue of George Orwell, Stendhal, Stephen Spender, Steven Runciman, Streptomycin, Stroud, Such, Such Were the Joys, Suez Canal, Suffolk, Sulfur dioxide, Sutton Courtenay, Swiss Alps, T. R. Fyvel, T. S. Eliot, Tangier, Tarragona, Tea in the United Kingdom, Teaching order, Thanlyin, The Adelphi, The Blitz, The Emperor's New Clothes, The Evening Colonnade, The Guardian, The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius, The Listener (magazine), The Moon Under Water, The Nation, The National Archives (United Kingdom), The New English Weekly, The New York Intellectuals, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, The Observer, The People of the Abyss, The Road to Wigan Pier, The Royal British Legion, The Spike (essay), The Times, Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland, Thought Police, Thoughtcrime, Time and Tide (magazine), Time Inc., Tobias Smollett, Tom Wintringham, Tory, Totalitarianism, Tramp, Tribune (magazine), Trinity College, Cambridge, Tripe, Trotskyism, Tuberculosis, Twante Township, Twyford, Berkshire, Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia, United Kingdom general election, 1945, University College Hospital, University College London, University Hospital Hairmyres, University of London, Upper Myanmar, Ursulines, Utopian and dystopian fiction, Uxbridge, V-1 flying bomb, Vale of Ffestiniog, Valencia, Victor Gollancz, Victor Gollancz Ltd, Victory garden, W. H. Auden, W. Somerset Maugham, W. W. Norton & Company, Wallington, Hertfordshire, Warsaw Uprising, Wellington College, Berkshire, Who Paid the Piper?, Why I Write, Why Orwell Matters, Wigan, William Empson, William Hazlitt, William Makepeace Thackeray, William Shakespeare, Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom, World War II, Yangon, Yevgeny Zamyatin, Yorkshire, Yorkshire pudding, Zionism, 14th arrondissement of Paris, 5th arrondissement of Paris. Expand index (441 more) »

A Clergyman's Daughter

A Clergyman's Daughter is a 1935 novel by English author George Orwell.

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A Hanging

A Hanging (1931) is a short essay written by George Orwell, first published in August 1931 in the British literary magazine The Adelphi.

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A Modern Utopia

A Modern Utopia is a 1905 novel by H. G. Wells.

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A Nice Cup of Tea

"A Nice Cup of Tea" is an essay by English author George Orwell, first published in the London Evening Standard on 12 January 1946.

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A. J. Ayer

Sir Alfred Jules "Freddie" Ayer, FBA (29 October 1910 – 27 June 1989), usually cited as A. J. Ayer, was a British philosopher known for his promotion of logical positivism, particularly in his books Language, Truth, and Logic (1936) and The Problem of Knowledge (1956).

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A. S. F. Gow

Andrew Sydenham Farrar Gow (27 August 1886 – 2 February 1978) was an English classical scholar and teacher.

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Ahmed Ali (writer)

Ahmed Ali (1 July 1910 in Delhi – 14 January 1994 in Karachi) (احمد علی.) was a Pakistani novelist, poet, critic, translator, diplomat and scholar.

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Air Ministry

The Air Ministry was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom with the responsibility of managing the affairs of the Royal Air Force, that existed from 1918 to 1964.

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Albert Camus

Albert Camus (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, and journalist.

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Alcubierre

Alcubierre is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain.

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Aldous Huxley

Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer, novelist, philosopher, and prominent member of the Huxley family.

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All Saints' Church, Sutton Courtenay

The Church of All Saints, Sutton Courtenay is the Church of England parish church of Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire (Berkshire until 1974).

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Allotment (gardening)

An allotment garden (British English), often called simply an allotment, or a community garden (North America) is a plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

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Anarcho-syndicalism

Anarcho-syndicalism (also referred to as revolutionary syndicalism) is a theory of anarchism that views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as a method for workers in capitalist society to gain control of an economy and with that control influence in broader society.

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Andrew Anthony

Andrew Anthony is a journalist who has written for The Guardian since 1990, and The Observer.

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Aneurin Bevan

Aneurin Bevan (15 November 1897 – 6 July 1960), often known as Nye Bevan, was a Welsh Labour Party politician who was the Minister for Health in the post-war Attlee ministry from 1945-51.

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Animal Farm

Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.

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Anthony Powell

Anthony Dymoke Powell (21 December 1905 – 28 March 2000) was an English novelist best known for his twelve-volume work A Dance to the Music of Time, published between 1951 and 1975.

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Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

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Anti-Stalinist left

The anti-Stalinist left comprises various kinds of left-wing politics critical of Joseph Stalin, of Stalinism as a political philosophy, and of the actual system of governance Stalin implemented as dictator of the Soviet Union.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-Semitism or anti-semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews.

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Anton Chekhov

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (ɐnˈton ˈpavɫəvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕɛxəf; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history.

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Aragon

Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler, (Kösztler Artúr; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist.

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As I Please

"As I Please" was a series of articles written between 1943 and 1947 for the British left-wing newspaper Tribune by author and journalist George Orwell.

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Asperger syndrome

Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a developmental disorder characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.

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Aylesford

Aylesford is a village and civil parish on the River Medway in Kent, 4 miles NW of Maidstone in England.

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Banyuls-sur-Mer

Banyuls-sur-Mer is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

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Barbastro

Barbastro (Latin: Barbastrum or Civitas Barbastrensis, Aragonese: Balbastro) is a city in the Somontano county, province of Huesca, Spain.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city in Spain.

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Barnhill, Jura

Barnhill is a farmhouse situated at in the north of the island of Jura in the Scottish Hebrides.

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Barnsley

Barnsley (locally) is a town in South Yorkshire, England, located halfway between Leeds and Sheffield.

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Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain (Luftschlacht um England, literally "The Air Battle for England") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Ben Wattenberg

Benjamin Joseph Wattenberg (born Joseph Ben Zion Wattenberg;Roberts, Sam,, New York Times, June 29, 2015. Retrieved 2015-06-29. August 26, 1933 – June 28, 2015) was an American author, commentator and demographer.

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Bengal Presidency

The Bengal Presidency was once the largest subdivision (presidency) of British India, with its seat in Calcutta (now Kolkata).

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Bernard Crick

Sir Bernard Rowland Crick (16 December 1929 – 19 December 2008) was a British political theorist and democratic socialist whose views can be summarised as "politics is ethics done in public".

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Bertrand Russell

Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist, and Nobel laureate.

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Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)

Big Brother is a fictional character and symbol in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four.

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Bihar

Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India.

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Blue plaque

A blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person, event, or former building on the site, serving as a historical marker.

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Bob Edwards (politician)

Robert Edwards (16 January 1905 – 4 June 1990), usually known as Bob Edwards, was a British trade unionist and an Independent Labour Party (ILP) and Labour Co-operative politician.

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Book of Common Prayer

The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) is the short title of a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion, as well as by the Continuing Anglican, Anglican realignment and other Anglican Christian churches.

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Bramley, Leeds

Bramley is a district in west Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

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Brave New World

Brave New World is a dystopian novel written in 1931 by English author Aldous Huxley, and published in 1932.

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British Council

The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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British Union of Fascists

The British Union of Fascists, or BUF, was a fascist political party in the United Kingdom formed in 1932 by Oswald Mosley.

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Broadcasting House

Broadcasting House is the headquarters of the BBC, in Portland Place and Langham Place, London.

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Brontë Parsonage Museum

The Brontë Parsonage Museum is a writer's house museum maintained by the Brontë Society in honour of the Brontë sisters – Charlotte, Emily and Anne.

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Bryn Hall Colliery

Bryn Hall Colliery was a coal mine on the Lancashire Coalfield in Bryn, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester then in the historic county of Lancashire, England.

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Bungalow

A bungalow is a type of building, originally developed in the Bengal region in South Asia.

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Burmah Oil

The Burmah Oil Company was a leading British oil business which was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.

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Burmese Days

Burmese Days is a novel by British writer George Orwell.

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Burnham Beeches

Burnham Beeches is a 374.6 hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest situated west of Farnham Common in the village of Burnham, Buckinghamshire.

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Canonbury

Canonbury is a residential district in the London Borough of Islington in the north of London.

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Carlton, County Durham

Carlton is a village and civil parish within the borough of Stockton-on-Tees and ceremonial county of County Durham, England.

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Cartel des Gauches

The Lefts Cartel (Cartel des gauches) was the name of the governmental alliance between the Radical-Socialist Party and the socialist French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) after World War I (1914–18), which lasted until the end of the Popular Front (1936–38).

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Casablanca

Casablanca (ad-dār al-bayḍāʾ; anfa; local informal name: Kaẓa), located in the central-western part of Morocco bordering the Atlantic Ocean, is the largest city in Morocco.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Cato Institute

The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as the Charles Koch Foundation in 1974 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries.

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Cauterization

Cauterization (or cauterisation, or cautery) is a medical practice or technique of burning a part of a body to remove or close off a part of it.

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Charles Dickens

Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic.

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Charles Reade

Charles Reade (8 June 1814 – 11 April 1884) was an English novelist and dramatist, best known for The Cloister and the Hearth.

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Charlie Chaplin

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film.

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Charlotte Brontë

Charlotte Brontë (commonly; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels have become classics of English literature.

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Christopher Hitchens

Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 – 15 December 2011) was an Anglo-American author, columnist, essayist, orator, religious and literary critic, social critic, and journalist.

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Christopher Norris (critic)

Christopher Charles Norris (born 6 November 1947)"Christopher (Charles) Norris" (2002).

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.

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Clean Air Act 1956

The Clean Air Act 1956 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed in response to London's Great Smog of 1952.

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Clough Williams-Ellis

Sir Bertram Clough Williams-Ellis, CBE, MC (28 May 1883 – 9 April 1978) was a British architect known chiefly as the creator of the Italianate village of Portmeirion in North Wales.

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Cold war (general term)

A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Coming Up for Air

Coming Up for Air is a novel by George Orwell, first published in June 1939, shortly before the outbreak of World War II.

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Communist Party of Great Britain

The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was a British communist party which was the largest communist party in Great Britain, although it never became a mass party like those in France and Italy.

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Communist Party of Spain

The Communist Party of Spain (Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a historically Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, is part of the United Left coalition.

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Confederación Nacional del Trabajo

The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labour; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labour unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT).

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Convent

A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns; or the building used by the community, particularly in the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Cotswolds

The Cotswolds is an area in south central England containing the Cotswold Hills, a range of rolling hills which rise from the meadows of the upper Thames to an escarpment, known as the Cotswold Edge, above the Severn Valley and Evesham Vale.

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Coventry

Coventry is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.

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Cram school

Cram schools are specialized schools that train their students to meet particular goals, most commonly to pass the entrance examinations of high schools or universities.

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Cranham, Gloucestershire

Cranham is a village in the English county of Gloucestershire.

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Critical Essays (Orwell)

Critical Essays (1946) is a collection of wartime pieces by George Orwell.

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Crumpet

A crumpet is a small griddle cake made from an unsweetened batter of water or milk, flour and yeast, eaten in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and some areas of the Commonwealth.

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Culture of England

The culture of England is defined by the idiosyncratic cultural norms of England and the English people.

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Cyril Connolly

Cyril Vernon Connolly (10 September 1903 – 26 November 1974) was an English literary critic and writer.

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D. H. Lawrence

Herman Melville, Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer, Lev Shestov, Walt Whitman | influenced.

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D. J. Taylor

David John Taylor (born 1960) is a British critic, novelist and biographer.

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Daniel Defoe

Daniel Defoe (13 September 1660 - 24 April 1731), born Daniel Foe, was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy.

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Daphne Patai

Daphne Patai (born 1943) is an American scholar and author.

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Darkness at Noon

Darkness at Noon (Sonnenfinsternis) is a novel by Hungarian-born British novelist Arthur Koestler, first published in 1940.

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David Astor

Francis David Langhorne Astor CH (5 March 1912 – 7 December 2001) was an English newspaper publisher and member of the Astor family.

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David Holbrook

David Kenneth Holbrook (9 January 1923 – 11 August 2011) was a British writer, poet and academic.

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Democratic socialism

Democratic socialism is a political philosophy that advocates political democracy alongside social ownership of the means of production with an emphasis on self-management and/or democratic management of economic institutions within a market socialist, participatory or decentralized planned economy.

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Dengue fever

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

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Doublethink

Doublethink is the act of simultaneously accepting two mutually contradictory beliefs as correct, often in distinct social contexts.

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Down and Out in Paris and London

Down and Out in Paris and London is the first full-length work by the English author George Orwell, published in 1933.

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Dunkirk evacuation

The Dunkirk evacuation, code-named Operation Dynamo, and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was the evacuation of Allied soldiers during World War II from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940.

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Dylan Thomas

Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems "Do not go gentle into that good night" and "And death shall have no dominion"; the 'play for voices' Under Milk Wood; and stories and radio broadcasts such as A Child's Christmas in Wales and Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog.

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Dystopia

A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- "bad" and τόπος "place"; alternatively, cacotopia,Cacotopia (from κακός kakos "bad") was the term used by Jeremy Bentham in his 19th century works kakotopia, or simply anti-utopia) is a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.

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E. H. Carr

Edward Hallett "Ted" Carr (28 June 1892 – 3 November 1982) was an English historian, diplomat, journalist and international relations theorist, and an opponent of empiricism within historiography.

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E. M. Forster

Edward Morgan Forster (1 January 18797 June 1970) was an English novelist, short story writer, essayist and librettist.

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East Champaran district

East Champaran is an administrative district in the state of Bihar in India.

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East End of London

The East End of London, usually called the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London, and north of the River Thames.

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Eastbourne

Eastbourne is a town, seaside resort and borough in the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex on the south coast of England, east of Brighton.

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Eastern world

The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems, depending on the context, most often including at least part of Asia or geographically the countries and cultures east of Europe, specifically in historical (pre-modern) contexts, and in modern times in the context of Orientalism.

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EconTalk

EconTalk is a weekly economics podcast hosted by Russ Roberts.

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Edwardian era

The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history covers the brief reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended in both directions to capture long-term trends from the 1890s to the First World War.

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Eileen Blair

Eileen Maud Blair (née O'Shaughnessy, 25 September 1905 – 29 March 1945) was the first wife of George Orwell (Eric Arthur Blair).

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Electrotherapy

Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment.

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Emma Larkin

Emma Larkin is the pseudonym of an American journalist.

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Enemies of Promise

Enemies of Promise is a critical and autobiographical work written by Cyril Connolly first published in 1938.

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England Your England

"England Your England" is an essay written by the British author George Orwell during The Blitz of 1941 as bombers of Nazi Germany flew overhead.

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Eric & Us

Eric & Us is a 1974 memoir by Jacintha Buddicom recalling her childhood friendship with Eric Blair, the real name of author George Orwell.

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Eric, or, Little by Little

Eric, or, Little by Little is a book by Frederic W. Farrar, first edition 1858.

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Esperanto

Esperanto (or; Esperanto) is a constructed international auxiliary language.

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Etiquette

Etiquette is a code of behavior that delineates expectations for social behavior according to contemporary conventional norms within a society, social class, or group.

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Eton College

Eton College is an English independent boarding school for boys in Eton, Berkshire, near Windsor.

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Eton wall game

The Eton wall game is a game which bears some resemblance to rugby union that originated at and is still played at Eton College.

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Evelyn Waugh

Arthur Evelyn St.

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Faber and Faber

Faber and Faber Limited, often abbreviated to Faber, is an independent publishing house in the United Kingdom.

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Fahrenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, published in 1953.

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Fairy tale

A fairy tale, wonder tale, magic tale, or Märchen is folklore genre that takes the form of a short story that typically features entities such as dwarfs, dragons, elves, fairies, giants, gnomes, goblins, griffins, mermaids, talking animals, trolls, unicorns, or witches, and usually magic or enchantments.

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FET y de las JONS

The Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS) (English: Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx and of the Councils of the National-Syndicalist Offensive) was the sole legal party of the Francoist State in Spain.

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Fish and chips

Fish and chips is a hot dish of English origin consisting of fried battered fish and hot potato chips.

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Foreign and Commonwealth Office

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), commonly called the Foreign Office, is a department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Fortnum & Mason

Fortnum & Mason (colloquially often shortened to just "Fortnum's") is an upmarket department store in Piccadilly, London, with additional stores at St Pancras railway station and Heathrow Airport in London, as well as various stockists worldwide.

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François Coty

François Coty (born Joseph Marie François Spoturno; 3 May 1874 – 25 July 1934) was a French perfumer and businessman.

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Frances Stonor Saunders

Frances Hélène Jeanne Stonor Saunders (born 14 April 1966) is a British journalist and historian.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Frays River

Frays River is a semi-canalised short river in England that branches off the River Colne at Uxbridge Moor and rejoins it at West Drayton.

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Fredric Warburg

Fredric John Warburg (27 November 1898 – 25 May 1981) was a British publisher best known for his association with the author George Orwell.

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Free newspaper

Free newspapers are distributed free of charge, often in central places in cities and towns, on public transport, with other newspapers, or separately door-to-door.

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French invasion of Russia

The French invasion of Russia, known in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Отечественная война 1812 года Otechestvennaya Voyna 1812 Goda) and in France as the Russian Campaign (Campagne de Russie), began on 24 June 1812 when Napoleon's Grande Armée crossed the Neman River in an attempt to engage and defeat the Russian army.

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French protectorate in Morocco

The French protectorate in Morocco (Protectorat français au Maroc; حماية فرنسا في المغرب Ḥimāyat Faransā fi-l-Maḡrib) was established by the Treaty of Fez.

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G. K. Chesterton

Gilbert Keith Chesterton, KC*SG (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936), was an English writer, poet, philosopher, dramatist, journalist, orator, lay theologian, biographer, and literary and art critic.

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G. K.'s Weekly

G.

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GCE Advanced Level

The A Level (Advanced Level) is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education, as well as a school leaving qualification offered by the educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the educational authorities of British Crown dependencies to students completing secondary or pre-university education.

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General Certificate of Secondary Education

The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification, generally taken in a number of subjects by pupils in secondary education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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Geoffrey Gorer

Geoffrey Edgar Solomon Gorer (26 March 1905 – 24 May 1985) was an English anthropologist and author, noted for his application of psychoanalytic techniques to anthropology.

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George Bernard Shaw

George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist, and political activist.

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George Gissing

George Robert Gissing (22 November 1857 – 28 December 1903) was an English novelist who published 23 novels between 1880 and 1903.

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George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic whose work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism and outspoken support of democratic socialism.

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George Orwell bibliography

The bibliography of George Orwell includes journalism, essays, novels and non-fiction books written by the British writer Eric Blair (1903–50), either under his own name or, more usually, under his pen name George Orwell.

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George Strauss

George Russell Strauss, Baron Strauss PC (18 July 1901 – 5 June 1993) was a long-serving British Labour Party politician, who was a Member of Parliament (MP) for 46 years and was Father of the House of Commons from 1974 to 1979.

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George Woodcock

George Woodcock (May 8, 1912 – January 28, 1995) was a Canadian writer of political biography and history, an anarchist thinker, an essayist and literary critic.

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Georges Kopp

Georges Kopp, (St Petersburg, Russia 1902 – Marseilles, France 15 July 1951) was an engineer who had lived in Belgium for about 25 years and volunteered to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, rising to become commander of the 3rd Regiment, Lenin Division, a militia unit belonging to the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) which saw active service on the Aragon front, and was later incorporated into the regular army as the 29th Division of the Republican government's Popular Army.

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Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Graham Greene

Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991), better known by his pen name Graham Greene, was an English novelist regarded by many as one of the greatest writers of the 20th century.

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Greenwich

Greenwich is an area of south east London, England, located east-southeast of Charing Cross.

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Grimethorpe

Grimethorpe is a large village in the metropolitan borough of Barnsley in South Yorkshire, England.

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Gulf of Corryvreckan

The Gulf of Corryvreckan (from the Gaelic Coire Bhreacain meaning "cauldron of the speckled seas" or "cauldron of the plaid"), also called the Strait of Corryvreckan, is a narrow strait between the islands of Jura and Scarba, in Argyll and Bute, off the west coast of mainland Scotland.

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Gulliver's Travels

Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World.

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Gustave Flaubert

Gustave Flaubert (12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist.

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H. G. Wells

Herbert George Wells.

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Half crown (British coin)

The half crown was a denomination of British money, equivalent to two shillings and sixpence, or one-eighth of a pound.

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Hans Christian Andersen

Hans Christian Andersen (2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author.

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Harper (publisher)

Harper is an American publishing house, currently the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins.

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Harper's Magazine

Harper's Magazine (also called Harper's) is a monthly magazine of literature, politics, culture, finance, and the arts.

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Harrow History Prize

The Harrow History Prize or the Townsend Warner Preparatory Schools History Prize is a prestigious annual history competition for children at British preparatory schools.

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Harry Pollitt

Harry Pollitt (22 November 1890 – 27 June 1960) was a British politician who served as the head of the trade union department of the Communist Party of Great Britain and the General Secretary of the party.

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Harvill Secker

Harvill Secker is a British publishing company formed in 2005 from the merger of Secker & Warburg and the Harvill Press.

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Haworth

Haworth is a village in West Yorkshire, England, in the Pennines southwest of Keighley, west of Bradford and east of Colne in Lancashire.

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Hayes, Hillingdon

Hayes is a town in West London, situated west of Charing Cross.

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Hôpital Cochin

The Hôpital Cochin is a famous hospital of public assistance in the rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques Paris 14e.

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Headingley

Headingley is a suburb of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, approximately two miles out of the city centre, to the north west along the A660 road.

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Henley Standard

The Henley Standard is the main local newspaper in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England.

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Henley-on-Thames

Henley-on-Thames is a town and civil parish on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England, northeast of Reading, west of Maidenhead and southeast of Oxford, near the tripoint of Oxfordshire, Berkshire and Buckinghamshire.

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Henri Barbusse

Henri Barbusse (May 17, 1873 – August 30, 1935) was a French novelist and a member of the French Communist Party.

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Henry Fielding

Henry Fielding (22 April 1707 – 8 October 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich, earthy humour and satirical prowess, and as the author of the picaresque novel Tom Jones.

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Henry Miller

Henry Valentine Miller (December 26, 1891 – June 7, 1980) was an American writer, expatriated in Paris at his flourishing.

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Herman Melville

Herman Melville (August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance period.

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Hill station

A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley.

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Homage to Catalonia

Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations in the Spanish Civil War.

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Home Guard (United Kingdom)

The Home Guard (initially Local Defence Volunteers or LDV) was a defence organisation of the British Army during the Second World War.

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Home Office

The Home Office (HO) is a ministerial department of Her Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for immigration, security and law and order.

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Homophobia

Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT).

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Hoover Institution

The Hoover Institution is an American public policy think tank and research institution located at Stanford University in California.

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Hops

Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant Humulus lupulus. They are used primarily as a flavouring and stability agent in beer, to which they impart bitter, zesty, or citric flavours; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine.

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Horizon (magazine)

Horizon: A Review of Literature and Art was a literary magazine published in London, UK, between December 1939 and January 1950.

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How the Poor Die

"How the Poor Die" is an essay first published in 1946 in Now by the English author George Orwell.

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Huesca

Huesca (Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon.

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Humanism

Humanism is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism and empiricism) over acceptance of dogma or superstition.

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Humphrey Slater

Humphrey Richard "Hugh" Slater (1906-1958) was an English author and painter.

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Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.

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Iain King

Iain Benjamin King is a British writer.

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ILP Contingent

The British Independent Labour Party sent a small contingent to fight in the Spanish Civil War.

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Independent Labour Party

The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British political party of the left, established in 1893, when the Liberals appeared reluctant to endorse working-class candidates, representing the interests of the majority.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian Civil Service (British India)

The Indian Civil Service (ICS) for part of the 19th century officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the elite higher civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947.

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Indian Imperial Police

The Indian Imperial Police, referred to variously as the Indian (Imperial) Police or simply the Indian Police or, by 1905, Imperial Police, was part of the Indian Police Services, the uniform system of police administration in British India, as established by India Act 5 of 1861.

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Indian Police Service

The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing.

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Information Research Department

The Information Research Department, founded in 1948 by Christopher Mayhew MP, was a department of the British Foreign Office set up to counter Soviet propaganda and infiltration, particularly amongst the western labour movement.

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Inner Hebrides

The Inner Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: Na h-Eileanan a-staigh, "the inner isles") is an archipelago off the west coast of mainland Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides.

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Insein Prison

Insein Prison (အင်းစိန်ထောင်) is located in Yangon Division, near Yangon (Rangoon), the old capital of Myanmar.

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Insein Township

Insein Township (အင်းစိန်မြို့နယ်) is located in northern Yangon.

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Inside the Whale and Other Essays

Inside the Whale and Other Essays is a book of essays written by George Orwell in 1940.

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International Brigades

The International Brigades (Brigadas Internacionales) were paramilitary units set up by the Communist International to assist the Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War.

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Irrawaddy Delta

The Irrawaddy Delta or Ayeyarwady Delta lies in the Irrawaddy Division, the lowest expanse of land in Myanmar that fans out from the limit of tidal influence at Myan Aung to the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, 290 km to the south at the mouth of the Ayeyarwady River.

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Irving Howe

Irving Howe (June 11, 1920 – May 5, 1993) was a Jewish American literary and social critic and a prominent figure of the Democratic Socialists of America.

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Islington

Islington is a district in Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington.

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J. B. Priestley

John Boynton Priestley, OM (13 September 1894 – 14 August 1984), known by his pen name J.B. Priestley, was an English novelist, playwright, scriptwriter, social commentator and broadcaster.

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Jacintha Buddicom

Jacintha Laura May Buddicom (10 May 1901 – 4 November 1993) was a poet and a childhood friend of George Orwell (Eric Blair).

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Jack Common

Jack Common (1903 – 20 January 1968) was a British socialist, essayist and novelist.

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Jack London

John Griffith "Jack" London (born John Griffith Chaney; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist.

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Jakin (magazine)

Jakin is a Basque cultural group, magazine, and publishing house.

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James Burnham

James Burnham (November 22, 1905 – July 28, 1987) was an American philosopher and political theorist.

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James Joyce

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet.

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James Wood (critic)

James Douglas Graham Wood (born 1 November 1965 in Durham, England)"WOOD, James Douglas Graham", Who's Who 2012, A & C Black, 2012; online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2011; online edn, November 2011, is an English literary critic, essayist and novelist.

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Joe Sutton

Joe Sutton is an American playwright.

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John McNair (British politician)

John McNair (October 1887–18 February 1968) was a British socialist politician.

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John Middleton Murry

John Middleton Murry (6 August 1889 – 12 March 1957) was an English writer.

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John Newsinger

John Newsinger (born 21 May 1948) is a British Marxist and professor of history at Bath Spa University.

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John Podhoretz

John Mordecai Podhoretz (born April 18, 1961) is an American writer.

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John Strachey (politician)

Evelyn John St Loe Strachey (21 October 1901 – 15 July 1963) was a British Labour politician and writer.

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John Vaughan Wilkes

John Comyn Vaughan Wilkes (30 March 1902 – 24 January 1986) was an English educationalist, who was Warden of Radley College and an Anglican priest.

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Jon Kimche

Jon Kimche (17 June 1909 – 9 March 1994) was a journalist and historian.

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Jonathan Cape

Jonathan Cape is a London publishing firm founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

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Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.

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Joseph Conrad

Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; 3 December 1857 – 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language.

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Joxe Azurmendi

Joxe Azurmendi Otaegi (born 19 March 1941) is a Basque writer, philosopher, essayist and poet.

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Jura, Scotland

Jura (Diùra) is an island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, adjacent to and to the north-east of Islay.

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Karen people

The Karen, Kayin, Kariang or Yang people (ကညီကလုာ်, ကရင်လူမျိုး,; Per Ploan Poe or Ploan in Pwo Karen and Pwa Ka Nyaw or Kanyaw in Sgaw Karen; กะเหรี่ยง) refer to a number of individual Sino-Tibetan language speaking ethnic groups, many of which do not share a common language or culture.

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Karl Polanyi

Karl Paul Polanyi (Polányi Károly; October 25, 1886 – April 23, 1964) was an Austro-Hungarian economic historian, economic anthropologist, economic sociologist, political economist, historical sociologist and social philosopher.

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Katha, Myanmar

Katha is a town in Sagaing Region, Myanmar, on the west side of the Irrawaddy River on a bluff with an average elevation of.

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Katharine Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl

Katharine Marjory Stewart-Murray, Duchess of Atholl, DBE (née Ramsay; 6 November 1874 – 21 October 1960), known as the Marchioness of Tullibardine from 1899 to 1917, was a Scottish noblewoman and Scottish Unionist Party politician whose views were often unpopular in her party.

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Kazi Lhendup Dorjee

Kazi Lhendup Dorjee (October 11, 1904 – July 28, 2007), also spelled Kazi Lhendup Dorji or Kazi Lhendup Dorji Khangsarpa, was the first chief minister of Sikkim from 1975 to 1979 after its union with India.

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Keep the Aspidistra Flying

Keep the Aspidistra Flying, first published in 1936, is a socially critical novel by George Orwell.

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Kentish Town

Kentish Town is an area of northwest London, England in the London Borough of Camden, immediately north of Camden Town.

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Kilburn, London

Kilburn is an area of northwest London, England, situated north-west of Charing Cross.

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King's Scholar

A King's Scholar is a foundation scholar (elected on the basis of good academic performance and usually qualifying for reduced fees) of one of certain public schools.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

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Kingsley Martin

Basil Kingsley Martin (28 July 1897, London, England – 16 February 1969, Cairo, Egypt),Dennis Griffiths (ed.) The Encyclopedia of the British Press 1422–1992, London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992, p.404 usually known as Kingsley Martin, was a British journalist who edited the left-leaning political magazine the New Statesman from 1930 to 1960.

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Kipper

A kipper is a whole herring, a small, oily fish, that has been split in a butterfly fashion from tail to head along the dorsal ridge, gutted, salted or pickled, and cold-smoked over smouldering woodchips (typically oak).

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Labour Leader

The Labour Leader was a British socialist newspaper published for almost one hundred years.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Lager

Lager is a type of beer conditioned at low temperatures.

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Lancashire

Lancashire (abbreviated Lancs.) is a county in north west England.

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Landed gentry

Landed gentry or gentry is a largely historical British social class consisting in theory of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate.

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Langham, Essex

Langham is a small village in the north east of Essex, England.

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Le Figaro

Le Figaro is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826 and published in Paris.

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Le Gaulois

Le Gaulois was a French daily newspaper, founded in 1868 by Edmond Tarbé and Henri de Pène.

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Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool

"Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool" is an essay by George Orwell.

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Leave (military)

In military forces, leave is a permission to be away from one's unit, either for a specified or unspecified period of time.

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Leeds

Leeds is a city in the metropolitan borough of Leeds, in the county of West Yorkshire, England.

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Left Book Club

The Left Book Club was a publishing group that exerted a strong left-wing influence in Great Britain from 1936 to 1948.

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Leo Myers

Leopold Hamilton Myers (6 September 1881 – 7 April 1944) was a British novelist.

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Leonard Moore (literary agent)

Leonard Parker Moore (died January 1959) was a literary agent.

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Liberty Fund

Liberty Fund, Inc. is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana which promulgates the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich through publishing, conferences, and educational resources.

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Limehouse Causeway

Limehouse Causeway is a street in east London that was the home to the original Chinatown of London.

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List of British cheeses

This is a list of cheeses from the United Kingdom.

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Literary agent

A literary agent (sometimes publishing agent, or writer's representative) is an agent who represents writers and their written works to publishers, theatrical producers, film producers, and film studios, and assists in the sale and deal negotiation of the same.

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Literary criticism

Literary criticism (or literary studies) is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.

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Literary magazine

A literary magazine is a periodical devoted to literature in a broad sense.

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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Lleida

Lleida (Lérida) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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London Evening Standard

The London Evening Standard (or simply Evening Standard) is a local, free daily newspaper, published Monday to Friday in tabloid format in London.

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London King's Cross railway station

King's Cross railway station, also known as London King's Cross, is a Central London railway terminus on the northern edge of the city.

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Lucian Freud

Lucian Michael Freud (8 December 1922 – 20 July 2011) was a British painter and draftsman, specializing in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century portraitists.

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Lucknow

Lucknow is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous District and Division.

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Macclesfield

Macclesfield is a market town and civil parish in Cheshire, England.

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Maida Vale

Maida Vale is an affluent residential district comprising the northern part of Paddington in west London, west of St John's Wood and south of Kilburn.

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Malcolm Muggeridge

Thomas Malcolm Muggeridge (24 March 1903 – 14 November 1990) was an English journalist and satirist.

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Manchester

Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 530,300.

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Manchester Evening News

The Manchester Evening News (MEN) is a regional daily newspaper covering Greater Manchester in North West England.

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Mandalay

Mandalay is the second-largest city and the last royal capital of Myanmar (Burma).

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Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.

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Marmalade

Marmalade generally refers to a fruit preserve made from the juice and peel of citrus fruits boiled with sugar and water.

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Marrakesh

Marrakesh (or; مراكش Murrākuš; ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⴽⵓⵛ Meṛṛakec), also known by the French spelling Marrakech, is a major city of the Kingdom of Morocco.

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Martin Jennings

Martin Jennings is a British sculptor, born in 1957, who works in the figurative tradition.

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Marylebone

Marylebone (or, both appropriate for the Parish Church of St. Marylebone,,, or) is an affluent inner-city area of central London, England, located within the City of Westminster and part of the West End.

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Master in College

Master in College is the title of the housemaster of College, the oldest boarding house at Eton College, which is reserved for the seventy King's Scholars.

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Mawlamyine

Mawlamyine (also spelled Mawlamyaing; မတ်မလီု), formerly Moulmein, is the fourth largest city of Myanmar (Burma), World Gazetteer 300 km south east of Yangon and 70 km south of Thaton, at the mouth of Thanlwin (Salween) River.

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Max Plowman

Mark Plowman, generally known as Max Plowman, (1 September 1883 – 3 June 1941) was a British writer and pacifist.

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May Days

The May Days of 1937, sometimes also called May Events, referring to a series of clashes between 3 and 8 May 1937, were a period of civil violence in Catalonia, when factions of the Republican side engaged each other in street battles in various parts of Catalonia, in particular in the city of Barcelona, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Memory hole

A memory hole is any mechanism for the alteration or disappearance of inconvenient or embarrassing documents, photographs, transcripts, or other records, such as from a website or other archive, particularly as part of an attempt to give the impression that something never happened.

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Metropolitan Police Service

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), commonly known as the Metropolitan Police and informally as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.

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MI5

The Security Service, also MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and Defence Intelligence (DI).

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Michael Ayrton

Michael Ayrton (20 February 1921 – 16 November 1975)T.

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Michael Fitzgerald (psychiatrist)

Michael Fitzgerald is an Irish professor of child and adolescent psychiatry, specialising in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

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Michael Shelden

Michael Shelden (born 1951) is an American biographer and teacher, notable for his authorized biography of George Orwell, his history of Cyril Connolly’s Horizon magazine, his controversial biography of Graham Greene, and his study of the last years of Mark Twain, Man in White.

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Middlesex

Middlesex (abbreviation: Middx) is an historic county in south-east England.

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Minister of Food

The Minister of Food Control (1916–1921) and the Minister of Food (1939–1958) were British government ministerial posts separated from that of the Minister of Agriculture.

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Ministries of Nineteen Eighty-Four

The Ministries of Love, Peace, Plenty, and Truth are ministries in George Orwell's futuristic dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, set in Oceania.

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Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Information (MOI), headed by the Minister of Information, was a United Kingdom government department created briefly at the end of the First World War and again during the Second World War.

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Mises Institute

The Mises Institute, short name for Ludwig von Mises Institute for Austrian Economics, is a tax-exempt educative organization located in Auburn, Alabama, United States.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.

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Monde (review)

Monde was a weekly French international communist magazine.

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Morning Star (British newspaper)

Morning Star is a left-wing British daily tabloid newspaper with a focus on social, political and trade union issues.

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Mortar (weapon)

A mortar is usually a simple, lightweight, man portable, muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smooth-bore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount.

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Moscow Trials

The Moscow Trials were a series of trials held in the Soviet Union at the instigation of Joseph Stalin between 1936 and 1938 against so-called Trotskyists and members of Right Opposition of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Motihari

Motihari is the headquarters of East Champaran district (Purbi Champaran district) (Tirhut Division) - (Tirhut) in the Indian state of Bihar It is 25 km east of Dhaka town and 89 km north west of Muzaffarpur commissionary.

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Mulk Raj Anand

Mulk Raj Anand (12 December 1905 – 28 September 2004) was an Indian writer in English, notable for his depiction of the lives of the poorer castes in traditional Indian society.

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Museum of Wigan Life

The Museum of Wigan Life is a public museum and local history resource centre in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.

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Myaungmya

Myaungmya (မြောင်းမြမြို့) is a town in Myaungmya Township, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazism

National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.

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Neoconservatism

Neoconservatism (commonly shortened to neocon when labelling its adherents) is a political movement born in the United States during the 1960s among liberal hawks who became disenchanted with the increasingly pacifist foreign policy of the Democratic Party, and the growing New Left and counterculture, in particular the Vietnam protests.

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Neologism

A neologism (from Greek νέο- néo-, "new" and λόγος lógos, "speech, utterance") is a relatively recent or isolated term, word, or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use, but that has not yet been fully accepted into mainstream language.

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New Statesman

The New Statesman is a British political and cultural magazine published in London.

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Newcastle upon Tyne

Newcastle upon Tyne, commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, from the North Sea.

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News

News is information about current events.

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News Chronicle

The News Chronicle was a British daily newspaper.

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Newspeak

Newspeak is the language of Oceania, a fictional totalitarian state ruled by the Party, who created the language to meet the ideological requirements of English Socialism (Ingsoc).

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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Nineteen Eighty-Four

Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.

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Northern England

Northern England, also known simply as the North, is the northern part of England, considered as a single cultural area.

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Notes on Nationalism

Notes on Nationalism is an essay completed in May 1945 by George Orwell and published in the first issue of the British "Magazine of Philosophy, Psychology, and Aesthetics" Polemic, in October 1945.

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Novella

A novella is a text of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel, somewhere between 7,500 and 40,000 words.

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Off-Broadway

An Off-Broadway theatre is any professional venue in Manhattan in New York City with a seating capacity between 100 and 499, inclusive.

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Ordnance Survey National Grid

The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, distinct from latitude and longitude.

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Orwell Prize

The Orwell Prize, based at University College London, is a British prize for political writing of outstanding quality.

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Orwell's list

In 1949, shortly before he died, the English author George Orwell prepared a list of notable writers and other persons he considered to be unsuitable as possible writers for the anti-communist counter-propaganda activities of the United Kingdom's Information Research Department.

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Orwellian

"Orwellian" is an adjective describing a situation, idea, or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being destructive to the welfare of a free and open society.

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Oswald Mosley

Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley, 6th Baronet of Ancoats (16 November 1896 – 3 December 1980) was a British politician who rose to fame in the 1920s as a Member of Parliament and later in the 1930s became leader of the British Union of Fascists (BUF).

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Oxfordshire

Oxfordshire (abbreviated Oxon, from Oxonium, the Latin name for Oxford) is a county in South East England.

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P. G. Wodehouse

Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse (15 October 188114 February 1975) was an English author and one of the most widely read humourists of the 20th century.

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Partisan Review

Partisan Review (PR) was a small circulation quarterly "little magazine" dealing with literature, politics, and cultural commentary published in New York City.

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Paul Potts (writer)

Paul Hugh Howard Potts (19 July 1911 – 26 August 1990), a British-born poet who lived in British Columbia in his youth, was the author of Dante Called You Beatrice (1960), a memoir of unrequited love.

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Pen name

A pen name (nom de plume, or literary double) is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their "real" name.

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Peter Davison (professor)

Peter Hobley Davison (born 1926), OBE, Ph.D., D.Litt., Hon.

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Peter Smollett

Harry Peter Smollett, OBE (1912–1980), born Hans Peter Smolka and sometimes continuing to use that name as a nom de plume even after he changed it by deed poll, was a journalist for the Daily Express and later a Central Europe correspondent for The Times.

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Philip Bounds

Philip Bounds is a Marxist historian, journalist and critic.

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Piers Brendon

Piers Brendon (born 21 December 1940, Stratton, Cornwall) is a British writer, known for historical and biographical works.

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Polemic

A polemic is contentious rhetoric that is intended to support a specific position by aggressive claims and undermining of the opposing position.

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Polemic (magazine)

Polemic was a British "Magazine of Philosophy, Psychology, and Aesthetics" published between 1945 and 1947, which aimed to be a general or non-specialist intellectual periodical.

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Political culture

Political culture is defined by the International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences as the "set of attitudes, beliefs and sentiments that give order and meaning to a political process and which provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system".

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Politics and Letters: Interviews with New Left Review

Politics and Letters is critic Raymond Williams's own account of his life and work.

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Politics and the English Language

"Politics and the English Language" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell that criticised the "ugly and inaccurate" written English of his time and examines the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language.

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Popular culture

Popular culture (also called pop culture) is generally recognized as a set of the practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a society at a given point in time.

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Portobello Road

Portobello Road is a street in the Notting Hill district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in west London.

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POUM

The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM; Partit Obrer d'Unificació Marxista) was a Spanish communist political party formed during the Second Republic and mainly active around the Spanish Civil War.

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Press pass

A press pass (alternatively referred to as a press card or a journalist pass) grants some type of special privilege to journalists.

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Prolefeed

Prolefeed is a Newspeak term in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell.

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Proles

The word prole is a shortening of the word proletarian, a term for the working class.

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Prometheus Award

The Prometheus Award is an award for libertarian science fiction novels given annually by the Libertarian Futurist Society, which also publishes the quarterly journal Prometheus.

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Pub

A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer (such as ale) and cider.

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Public school (United Kingdom)

A public school in England and Wales is a long-established, student-selective, fee-charging independent secondary school that caters primarily for children aged between 11 or 13 and 18, and whose head teacher is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC).

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Pukka sahib

Pukka sahib is a slang term taken from Punjabi words for "Absolute" ("first class", "absolutely genuine" for English users) and "master", but meaning "true gentleman" or "excellent fellow".

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Pyin Oo Lwin

Pyin Oo Lwin or Pyin U Lwin (ပြင်ဦးလွင်‌,; MLCTS.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century.

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Ray Bradbury

Ray Douglas Bradbury (August 22, 1920June 5, 2012) was an American author and screenwriter.

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Raymond Williams

Raymond Henry Williams (31 August 1921 – 26 January 1988) was a Welsh Marxist theorist, academic, novelist and critic.

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Rayner Heppenstall

John Rayner Heppenstall (27 July 1911 in Lockwood, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England – 23 May 1981 in Deal, Kent, England) was a British novelist, poet, diarist, and a BBC radio producer.

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Reginald Reynolds

Reginald Arthur Reynolds (1905 – 16 December 1958) was a British left wing writer.

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Reinhold Niebuhr

Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years.

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Revolutionary Catalonia

Revolutionary Catalonia (July 21, 1936 – 1939) was the part of Catalonia (an autonomous region in northeast Spain) controlled by various anarchist, communist, and socialist trade unions, parties, and militias of the Spanish Civil War period.

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Richard Rees

Sir Richard Lodowick Edward Montagu Rees, 2nd Baronet (4 April 1900 – 24 July 1970) was a British diplomat, writer and painter.

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Richard Stanley Peters

Richard Stanley Peters (31 October 1919 – 30 December 2011) was an English philosopher.

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River Thames

The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England, most notably through London.

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River Trent

The River Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.

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Roast beef

Roast beef is a dish of beef which is roasted in an oven.

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Roger Mynors

Sir Roger Aubrey Baskerville Mynors, (1903–1989) was a British classical scholar.

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Roman à clef

Roman à clef (anglicised as), French for novel with a key, is a novel about real life, overlaid with a façade of fiction.

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Rudyard Kipling

Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)The Times, (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12 was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist.

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Rue de Rivoli

Rue de Rivoli is one of the most famous streets in Paris, a commercial street whose shops include the most fashionable names in the world.

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Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.

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Ruth Pitter

Emma Thomas "Ruth" Pitter, CBE, FRSL (7 November 1897 – 29 February 1992) was a 20th-century British poet.

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SAGE Publications

SAGE Publishing is an independent publishing company founded in 1965 in New York by Sara Miller McCune and now based in California.

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Saint Felix School

Saint Felix School is an co-educational independent day and boarding school in Reydon near the town of Southwold in the English county of Suffolk.

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Samuel Johnson

Samuel Johnson LL.D. (18 September 1709 – 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr.

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Satire

Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.

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School corporal punishment

School corporal punishment refers to causing deliberate pain or discomfort in response to undesired behaviour by students in schools.

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Searchlight Books

Searchlight Books was a series of essays published as hardback books, edited by T. R. Fyvel and George Orwell.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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Secular humanism

Secular humanism is a philosophy or life stance that embraces human reason, ethics, and philosophical naturalism while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, pseudoscience, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision making.

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Secular saint

The term, secular saint, which has no strict definition, generally refers to someone venerated and respected for contributions to a noble cause, but not recognized as a canonical saint by a religion.

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Shag (tobacco)

Shag, also known as rolling tobacco, loose tobacco, baccy and rollies is fine-cut tobacco, used to make self-made cigarettes by hand rolling the tobacco into rolling paper or injecting it into filter tubes.

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Sheet metal

Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces.

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Sheffield

Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England.

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Shiplake

Shiplake is a two-centred village and rural civil parish on the left bank of the River Thames centred south of Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire, England.

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Shooting an Elephant

"Shooting an Elephant" is an essay by George Orwell, first published in the literary magazine New Writing in late 1936 and broadcast by the BBC Home Service on 12 October 1948.

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Shooting stick

A shooting stick is a combined walking stick and folding chair.

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Shove ha'penny

Shove ha'penny (or shove halfpenny), also known in ancestral form as shoffe-grote ['shove-groat' in Modern English], slype groat ['slip groat'], and slide-thrift, is a pub game in the shuffleboard family, played predominantly in the United Kingdom.

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Siétamo

Siétamo is a municipality located in the province of Huesca, Aragon, Spain, in the comarca of Hoya de Huesca.

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Social class

A social class is a set of subjectively defined concepts in the social sciences and political theory centered on models of social stratification in which people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, the most common being the upper, middle and lower classes.

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Social justice

Social justice is a concept of fair and just relations between the individual and society.

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Sonia Orwell

Sonia Mary Brownell (25 August 1918 – 11 December 1980), better known as Sonia Orwell, was the second and last wife of writer George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Arthur Blair.

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Southwold

Southwold is a small town on the English North Sea coast in the Waveney district of Suffolk.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Spanish protectorate in Morocco

The Spanish protectorate in Morocco was established on 27 November 1912 by a treaty between France and Spain that converted the Spanish sphere of influence in Morocco into a formal protectorate.

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Special Branch

Special Branch is a label customarily used to identify units responsible for matters of national security and intelligence in British and Commonwealth police forces, as well as in Ireland and the Royal Malaysian Police.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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St Cyprian's School

St Cyprian's School was an English preparatory school for boys, which operated in the early 20th century in Eastbourne, East Sussex.

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St John's Wood

St John's Wood is a district of northwest London, of which more than 98 percent lies in the City of Westminster and less than two percent in Camden.

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Staffordshire Potteries

The Staffordshire Potteries is the industrial area encompassing the six towns, Tunstall, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke, Fenton and Longton that now make up the city of Stoke-on-Trent in Staffordshire, England.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).

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Stan Laurel

Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; 16 June 1890 – 23 February 1965) was an English comic actor, writer and film director, who was part of the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy.

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Statue of George Orwell

A statue of George Orwell, sculpted by the British sculptor Martin Jennings, was unveiled on 7 November 2017 outside Broadcasting House, the headquarters of the BBC, in London.

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Stendhal

Marie-Henri Beyle (23 January 1783 – 23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a 19th-century French writer.

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Stephen Spender

Sir Stephen Harold Spender CBE (28 February 1909 – 16 July 1995) was an English poet, novelist, and essayist who concentrated on themes of social injustice and the class struggle in his work.

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Steven Runciman

Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman, CH, FBA (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–54).

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Streptomycin

Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

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Stroud

Stroud is a market town and civil parish in the centre of Gloucestershire, England.

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Such, Such Were the Joys

"Such, Such Were the Joys" is a long autobiographical essay by the English writer George Orwell.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Suffolk

Suffolk is an East Anglian county of historic origin in England.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Sutton Courtenay

Sutton Courtenay is a village and civil parish on the River Thames south of Abingdon and northwest of Didcot.

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Swiss Alps

The Alpine region of Switzerland, conventionally referred to as the Swiss Alps (Schweizer Alpen, Alpes suisses, Alpi svizzere, Alps svizras), represents a major natural feature of the country and is, along with the Swiss Plateau and the Swiss portion of the Jura Mountains, one of its three main physiographic regions.

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T. R. Fyvel

Raphael Joseph Feiwel (1907 – 22 June 1985), better known as Tosco R. Fyvel or T. R. Fyvel, was an author, journalist and literary editor.

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T. S. Eliot

Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965), was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and "one of the twentieth century's major poets".

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Tangier

Tangier (طَنجة Ṭanjah; Berber: ⵟⴰⵏⴵⴰ Ṭanja; old Berber name: ⵜⵉⵏⴳⵉ Tingi; adapted to Latin: Tingis; Tanger; Tánger; also called Tangiers in English) is a major city in northwestern Morocco.

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Tarragona

Tarragona (Phoenician: Tarqon; Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea.

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Tea in the United Kingdom

Since the eighteenth century, the United Kingdom has been one of the world's greatest tea consumers, with an average annual per capita tea supply of 1.9 kg (4.18 lbs).

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Teaching order

A teaching order is a Catholic religious institute whose particular charism is education.

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Thanlyin

Thanlyin (သန်လျင်မြို့, or; သေၚ်,; formerly, Syriam) is a major port city of Myanmar, located across Bago River from the city of Yangon.

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The Adelphi

The Adelphi or New Adelphi was an English literary journal founded by John Middleton Murry and published between 1923 and 1955.

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The Blitz

The Blitz was a German bombing offensive against Britain in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.

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The Emperor's New Clothes

"The Emperor's New Clothes" (Kejserens nye klæder) is a short tale written by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, about two weavers who promise an emperor a new suit of clothes that they say is invisible to those who are unfit for their positions, stupid, or incompetent – while in reality, they make no clothes at all, making everyone believe the clothes are invisible to them.

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The Evening Colonnade

The Evening Colonnade, published in 1973, is a collection of essays and reviews by the English writer and critic Cyril Connolly.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius

"The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius" is an essay by George Orwell expressing his opinions on the situation in wartime Britain.

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The Listener (magazine)

The Listener was a weekly magazine established by the BBC in January 1929 which ceased publication in 1991.

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The Moon Under Water

"The Moon Under Water" is a 1946 essay by George Orwell, originally published as the Saturday Essay in the Evening Standard on 9 February 1946, in which he provided a detailed description of his ideal public house, the fictitious Moon Under Water.

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The Nation

The Nation is the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States, and the most widely read weekly journal of progressive political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.

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The National Archives (United Kingdom)

The National Archives (TNA) is a non-ministerial government department.

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The New English Weekly

The New English Weekly was a leading review of "Public Affairs, Literature and the Arts." It was founded in April 1932 by Alfred Richard Orage shortly after his return from Paris.

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The New York Intellectuals

The New York Intellectuals were a group of American writers and literary critics based in New York City in the mid-20th century.

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The New York Review of Books

The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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The People of the Abyss

The People of the Abyss (1903) is a book by Jack London about life in the East End of London in 1902.

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The Road to Wigan Pier

The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by the British writer George Orwell, first published in 1937.

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The Royal British Legion

The Royal British Legion (RBL), sometimes called The British Legion or The Legion, is a British charity providing financial, social and emotional support to members and veterans of the British Armed Forces, their families and dependants.

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The Spike (essay)

"The Spike" is a 1931 essay by George Orwell in which he details his experience staying overnight in the casual ward of a workhouse (colloquially known as a "spike") near London.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland

Thomas Fane, 8th Earl of Westmorland (March 1701 – 25 November 1771) was a British MP for Lyme Regis and a lord commissioner of trade.

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Thought Police

In the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), by George Orwell, the Thought Police (Thinkpol) are the secret police of the superstate Oceania, who discover and punish thoughtcrime, personal and political thoughts unapproved by the Party.

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Thoughtcrime

A thoughtcrime is an Orwellian neologism used to describe an illegal thought.

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Time and Tide (magazine)

Time and Tide was a British weekly political and literary review magazine founded by Margaret, Lady Rhondda in 1920.

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Time Inc.

Time Inc. was an American worldwide mass media corporation founded on November 28, 1922 by Henry Luce and Briton Hadden and based in New York City.

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Tobias Smollett

Tobias George Smollett (19 March 1721 – 17 September 1771) was a Scottish poet and author.

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Tom Wintringham

Thomas Henry Wintringham (15 May 1898 – 16 August 1949) was a British soldier, military historian, journalist, poet, Marxist, politician and author.

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Tory

A Tory is a person who holds a political philosophy, known as Toryism, based on a British version of traditionalism and conservatism, which upholds the supremacy of social order as it has evolved throughout history.

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Totalitarianism

Benito Mussolini Totalitarianism is a political concept where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to control every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible.

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Tramp

A tramp is a long-term homeless person who travels from place to place as a vagrant, traditionally walking all year round.

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Tribune (magazine)

Tribune was a democratic socialist fortnightly magazine, founded in 1937 and published in London.

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Trinity College, Cambridge

Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England.

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Tripe

Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals.

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Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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Twante Township

Twante Township also Twantay Township (တွံတေး မြို့နယ်) is a township in the Yangon Region of Burma (Myanmar).

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Twyford, Berkshire

Twyford is a large village and civil parish in the English Royal county of Berkshire with a population of about 7,000 people.

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Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia

The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya, PSUC) was a communist political party active in Catalonia between 1936 and 1997.

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United Kingdom general election, 1945

The 1945 United Kingdom general election was held on 5 July 1945, with polls in some constituencies delayed until 12 July and in Nelson and Colne until 19 July, because of local wakes weeks.

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University College Hospital

University College Hospital (UCH) is a teaching hospital located in London, England.

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University College London

University College London (UCL) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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University Hospital Hairmyres

University Hospital Hairmyres is a district general hospital in East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, Scotland.

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University of London

The University of London (abbreviated as Lond. or more rarely Londin. in post-nominals) is a collegiate and a federal research university located in London, England.

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Upper Myanmar

Upper Burma (အထက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Real Myanmar) refers to a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar), traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speaking, Kachin and Shan States.

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Ursulines

The term Ursulines refers to a number of religious institutes of the Catholic Church.

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Utopian and dystopian fiction

The utopia and its opposite, the dystopia, are genres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures.

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Uxbridge

Uxbridge is a town in west London, England, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon.

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V-1 flying bomb

The V-1 flying bomb (Vergeltungswaffe 1 "Vengeance Weapon 1")—also known to the Allies as the buzz bomb, or doodlebug, and in Germany as Kirschkern (cherrystone) or Maikäfer (maybug)—was an early cruise missile and the only production aircraft to use a pulsejet for power.

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Vale of Ffestiniog

The Vale of Ffestiniog is a valley in the Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, North Wales.

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Valencia

Valencia, officially València, on the east coast of Spain, is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia and the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with around 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative centre.

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Victor Gollancz

Sir Victor Gollancz (9 April 1893 – 8 February 1967) was a British publisher and humanitarian.

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Victor Gollancz Ltd

Victor Gollancz Ltd was a major British book publishing house of the twentieth century.

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Victory garden

Victory gardens, also called war gardens or food gardens for defense, were vegetable, fruit, and herb gardens planted at private residences and public parks in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Germany during World War I and World War II.

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W. H. Auden

Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was an English-American poet.

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W. Somerset Maugham

William Somerset Maugham, CH (25 January 1874 – 16 December 1965), better known as W. Somerset Maugham, was a British playwright, novelist and short story writer.

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W. W. Norton & Company

W.

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Wallington, Hertfordshire

Wallington is a small village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district, in the county of Hertfordshire, England, near the town of Baldock.

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Warsaw Uprising

The Warsaw Uprising (powstanie warszawskie; Warschauer Aufstand) was a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army (Armia Krajowa), to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.

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Wellington College, Berkshire

Wellington College is a British co-educational day and boarding independent school in the village of Crowthorne, Berkshire.

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Who Paid the Piper?

Who Paid the Piper? The CIA and the Cultural Cold War (U.S. title The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters) is a 1999 book by Frances Stonor Saunders.

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Why I Write

"Why I Write" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell detailing his personal journey to becoming a writer.

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Why Orwell Matters

Why Orwell Matters, released in the UK as Orwell's Victory, is a book-length biographical essay by Christopher Hitchens.

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Wigan

Wigan is a town in Greater Manchester, England, on the River Douglas, south-west of Bolton, north of Warrington and west-northwest of Manchester.

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William Empson

Sir William Empson (27 September 1906 – 15 April 1984) was an English literary critic and poet, widely influential for his practice of closely reading literary works, a practice fundamental to New Criticism.

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William Hazlitt

William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English writer, drama and literary critic, painter, social commentator, and philosopher.

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William Makepeace Thackeray

William Makepeace Thackeray (18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was a British novelist and author.

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptised)—23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as both the greatest writer in the English language, and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.

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Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom

The winter of 1946–1947 was a harsh European winter noted for its effects in the United Kingdom.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yangon

Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့, MLCTS rankun mrui,; formerly known as Rangoon, literally: "End of Strife") was the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar, also known as Burma.

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Yevgeny Zamyatin

Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin (p; 20 January (Julian) / 1 February (Gregorian), 1884 – 10 March 1937), sometimes anglicized as Eugene Zamyatin, was a Russian author of science fiction and political satire.

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Yorkshire

Yorkshire (abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom.

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Yorkshire pudding

Yorkshire pudding is a common British side dish baked pudding made from batter consisting of eggs, flour, and milk or water.

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Zionism

Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת Tsiyyonut after Zion) is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Canaan, the Holy Land, or the region of Palestine).

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14th arrondissement of Paris

The 14th arrondissement of Paris (XIVe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.

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5th arrondissement of Paris

The 5th arrondissement of Paris (Ve arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.

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Arthur Blair, E.A. Blair, Eric A. Blair, Eric Arthur Blair, Eric Blair, G. Orwell, Geoge orwell, George (Eric Blair) Orwell, George orwell, Geroge Orwell, Orwel, Orwell, Orwell Day, Orwell, George, P. S. Burton.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Orwell

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