Table of Contents
121 relations: Adapter, Adobe Flash, Advanced Audio Coding, Advanced Video Coding, Android (operating system), Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union, Apple Inc., Barriers to entry, BBC, Bill Gates, Bistability, Bjørn Erik Thon, Black+Decker, C++, Camera, Carbon lock-in, Closed platform, Compact disc, Competition law, Craftsman (tools), Data portability, Data-rate units, Dell, Developing country, DeWalt, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Digital rights management, Digital Visual Interface, Discrete space, DisplayPort, Distributed parameter system, Economics, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Embrace, extend, and extinguish, EMI, Enshittification, European Commission, Facebook, FairPlay, File format, Format war, Free software, FreeSync, Generation loss, GIF, Glucose meter, Google, Google Data Liberation Front, HDMI, Heat equation, ... Expand index (71 more) »
- Business-to-business
- Hardware restrictions
Adapter
An adapter or adaptor is a device that converts attributes of one electrical device or system to those of an otherwise incompatible device or system.
See Vendor lock-in and Adapter
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a discontinuedexcept in China, where it continues to be used, as well as Harman for enterprise users.
See Vendor lock-in and Adobe Flash
Advanced Audio Coding
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression.
See Vendor lock-in and Advanced Audio Coding
Advanced Video Coding
Advanced Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated coding.
See Vendor lock-in and Advanced Video Coding
Android (operating system)
Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
See Vendor lock-in and Android (operating system)
Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union
Since 2010, the European Union has investigated several antitrust complaints against Google alleging abuses of its dominant position in breach of the EU's competition laws.
See Vendor lock-in and Antitrust cases against Google by the European Union
Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, in Silicon Valley.
See Vendor lock-in and Apple Inc.
Barriers to entry
In theories of competition in economics, a barrier to entry, or an economic barrier to entry, is a fixed cost that must be incurred by a new entrant, regardless of production or sales activities, into a market that incumbents do not have or have not had to incur.
See Vendor lock-in and Barriers to entry
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
Bill Gates
William Henry Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate best known for co-founding the software company Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen.
See Vendor lock-in and Bill Gates
Bistability
In a dynamical system, bistability means the system has two stable equilibrium states.
See Vendor lock-in and Bistability
Bjørn Erik Thon
Bjørn Erik Thon (born 6 February 1964) is a Norwegian jurist and ombudsman.
See Vendor lock-in and Bjørn Erik Thon
Black+Decker
Black+Decker is an American manufacturer of power tools, accessories, hardware, home improvement products, home appliances and fastening systems headquartered in Towson, Maryland, north of Baltimore, where the company was originally established in 1910.
See Vendor lock-in and Black+Decker
C++
C++ (pronounced "C plus plus" and sometimes abbreviated as CPP) is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup.
Camera
A camera is an instrument used to capture and store images and videos, either digitally via an electronic image sensor, or chemically via a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.
Carbon lock-in
Carbon lock-in refers to the self-perpetuating inertia created by large fossil fuel-based energy systems that inhibits public and private efforts to introduce alternative energy technologies.
See Vendor lock-in and Carbon lock-in
Closed platform
A closed platform, walled garden, or closed ecosystem is a software system wherein the carrier or service provider has control over applications, content, and/or media, and restricts convenient access to non-approved applicants or content. Vendor lock-in and closed platform are hardware restrictions.
See Vendor lock-in and Closed platform
Compact disc
The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was codeveloped by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings.
See Vendor lock-in and Compact disc
Competition law
Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies.
See Vendor lock-in and Competition law
Craftsman (tools)
Craftsman is a line of tools, lawn and garden equipment, and work wear.
See Vendor lock-in and Craftsman (tools)
Data portability
Data portability is a concept to protect users from having their data stored in "silos" or "walled gardens" that are incompatible with one another, i.e. closed platforms, thus subjecting them to vendor lock-in and making the creation of data backups or moving accounts between services difficult.
See Vendor lock-in and Data portability
Data-rate units
In telecommunications, data transfer rate is the average number of bits (bitrate), characters or symbols (baudrate), or data blocks per unit time passing through a communication link in a data-transmission system.
See Vendor lock-in and Data-rate units
Dell
Dell Inc. is an American technology company that develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services.
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Vendor lock-in and Developing country
DeWalt
The DeWalt Industrial Tool Company is an American worldwide manufacturer of power tools and hand tools for the construction, manufacturing and woodworking industries, as well as home craftspeople.
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a 1998 United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Vendor lock-in and Digital Millennium Copyright Act are hardware restrictions.
See Vendor lock-in and Digital Millennium Copyright Act
Digital rights management
Digital rights management (DRM) is the management of legal access to digital content.
See Vendor lock-in and Digital rights management
Digital Visual Interface
Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG).
See Vendor lock-in and Digital Visual Interface
Discrete space
In topology, a discrete space is a particularly simple example of a topological space or similar structure, one in which the points form a, meaning they are isolated from each other in a certain sense.
See Vendor lock-in and Discrete space
DisplayPort
DisplayPort (DP) is a proprietary digital display interface developed by a consortium of PC and chip manufacturers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA).
See Vendor lock-in and DisplayPort
Distributed parameter system
In control theory, a distributed-parameter system (as opposed to a lumped-parameter system) is a system whose state space is infinite-dimensional.
See Vendor lock-in and Distributed parameter system
Economics
Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
See Vendor lock-in and Economics
Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California.
See Vendor lock-in and Electronic Frontier Foundation
Embrace, extend, and extinguish
"Embrace, extend, and extinguish" (EEE), also known as "embrace, extend, and exterminate", is a phrase that the U.S. Department of Justice found was used internally by Microsoft to describe its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used open standards, extending those standards with proprietary capabilities, and using the differences to strongly disadvantage its competitors. Vendor lock-in and Embrace, extend, and extinguish are marketing techniques.
See Vendor lock-in and Embrace, extend, and extinguish
EMI
EMI Group Limited (formerly EMI Group plc until 2007; originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries, also referred to as EMI Records or simply EMI) was a British transnational conglomerate founded in March 1931 in London.
Enshittification
Enshittification is a re-prioritization pattern where online product and service providers experience a decline in quality over time.
See Vendor lock-in and Enshittification
European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).
See Vendor lock-in and European Commission
Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.
See Vendor lock-in and Facebook
FairPlay
FairPlay is a family of digital rights management (DRM) technologies developed by Apple Inc. for protecting videos, books and apps and historically for music.
See Vendor lock-in and FairPlay
File format
A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.
See Vendor lock-in and File format
Format war
A format war is a competition between similar but mutually incompatible technical standards that compete for the same market, such as for data storage devices and recording formats for electronic media.
See Vendor lock-in and Format war
Free software
Free software, libre software, libreware or rarely known as freedom-respecting software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions.
See Vendor lock-in and Free software
FreeSync
FreeSync is an adaptive synchronization technology for LCD and OLED displays that support a variable refresh rate aimed at avoiding tearing and reducing stuttering caused by misalignment between the screen's refresh rate and the content's frame rate.
See Vendor lock-in and FreeSync
Generation loss
Generation loss is the loss of quality between subsequent copies or transcodes of data.
See Vendor lock-in and Generation loss
GIF
The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF; or) is a bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite and released on June 15, 1987.
Glucose meter
A glucose meter, also referred to as a "glucometer", is a medical device for determining the approximate concentration of glucose in the blood.
See Vendor lock-in and Glucose meter
Google LLC is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI).
Google Data Liberation Front
The Google Data Liberation Front is an engineering team at Google whose "goal is to make it easier for users to move their data in and out of Google products." The team, which consults with other engineering teams within Google on how to "liberate" Google products, currently supports 27 products.
See Vendor lock-in and Google Data Liberation Front
HDMI
High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a proprietary audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed video data and compressed or uncompressed digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector, digital television, or digital audio device.
Heat equation
In mathematics and physics, the heat equation is a certain partial differential equation.
See Vendor lock-in and Heat equation
Independent software vendor
An independent software vendor (ISV), also known as a software publisher, is an organization specializing in making and selling software, as opposed to computer hardware, designed for mass or niche markets.
See Vendor lock-in and Independent software vendor
IPad
The iPad is a brand of iOS- and iPadOS-based tablet computers that are developed by Apple, first introduced on January 27, 2010.
IPhone
The iPhone is a smartphone produced by Apple that uses Apple's own iOS mobile operating system.
IPod
The iPod is a discontinued series of portable media players and multi-purpose mobile devices designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on November 10, 2001, about months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released.
ITunes
iTunes was a media player, media library, mobile device management utility developed by Apple.
ITunes Store
The iTunes Store is a digital media store operated by Apple Inc. It opened on April 28, 2003, as a result of Steve Jobs' push to open a digital marketplace for music.
See Vendor lock-in and ITunes Store
James Ware (judge)
William James Ware (born November 2, 1946) is a retired United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
See Vendor lock-in and James Ware (judge)
Keurig
Keurig is a beverage brewing system for home and commercial use.
Keurig Dr Pepper
Keurig Dr Pepper Inc., formerly Green Mountain Coffee Roasters (1981–2014) and Keurig Green Mountain (2014–2018), is a publicly traded American beverage and coffeemaker conglomerate with headquarters in Burlington, Massachusetts and Frisco, Texas.
See Vendor lock-in and Keurig Dr Pepper
Lens mount
A lens mount is an interface – mechanical and often also electrical – between a photographic camera body and a lens.
See Vendor lock-in and Lens mount
Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
Lexmark International, Inc.
See Vendor lock-in and Lexmark International, Inc. v. Static Control Components, Inc.
List of European power companies by carbon intensity
The following is a list of European power companies by carbon intensity.
See Vendor lock-in and List of European power companies by carbon intensity
Lossy compression
In information technology, lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content.
See Vendor lock-in and Lossy compression
Mac (computer)
Mac, short for Macintosh (its official name until 1999), is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple.
See Vendor lock-in and Mac (computer)
Mailbox provider
A mailbox provider, mail service provider or, somewhat improperly, email service provider is a provider of email hosting.
See Vendor lock-in and Mailbox provider
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Outlook is a personal information manager software system from Microsoft, available as a part of the Microsoft 365 software suites.
See Vendor lock-in and Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows is a product line of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Microsoft.
See Vendor lock-in and Microsoft Windows
Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek label and label), as described by Irving Fisher, is a market with the "absence of competition", creating a situation where a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular thing.
See Vendor lock-in and Monopoly
Motorola
Motorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois.
See Vendor lock-in and Motorola
Motorola ROKR
The Motorola ROKR, the first version of which was informally known as the iTunes phone, was a series of mobile phones from Motorola, part of a 4LTR line developed before the spin out of Motorola Mobility.
See Vendor lock-in and Motorola ROKR
Motorola Slvr
The Motorola Slvr (styled SLVR) is a former series of candybar mobile phones from Motorola, and was one of the series in the 4LTR line.
See Vendor lock-in and Motorola Slvr
MP3
MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is a coding format for digital audio developed largely by the Fraunhofer Society in Germany under the lead of Karlheinz Brandenburg, with support from other digital scientists in other countries.
Nespresso
Nestlé Nespresso S.A., trading as Nespresso, is an operating unit of the Nestlé Group, based in Vevey, Switzerland.
See Vendor lock-in and Nespresso
Network effect
In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products.
See Vendor lock-in and Network effect
Northwestern University
Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university in Evanston, Illinois.
See Vendor lock-in and Northwestern University
Norwegian Consumer Council
The Consumer Council of Norway (Norwegian: Forbrukerrådet) is a Norwegian government agency and consumer protection organisation established in 1953.
See Vendor lock-in and Norwegian Consumer Council
Nvidia
Nvidia Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware.
Nvidia G-Sync
G-Sync is a proprietary adaptive sync technology developed by Nvidia aimed primarily at eliminating screen tearing and the need for software alternatives such as Vsync.
See Vendor lock-in and Nvidia G-Sync
Office Open XML
Office Open XML (also informally known as OOXML) is a zipped, XML-based file format developed by Microsoft for representing spreadsheets, charts, presentations and word processing documents. Ecma International standardized the initial version as ECMA-376. ISO and IEC standardized later versions as ISO/IEC 29500.
See Vendor lock-in and Office Open XML
Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone.
See Vendor lock-in and Open standard
Partial differential equation
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which computes a function between various partial derivatives of a multivariable function.
See Vendor lock-in and Partial differential equation
Path dependence
Path dependence is a concept in the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions.
See Vendor lock-in and Path dependence
Permutation
In mathematics, a permutation of a set can mean one of two different things.
See Vendor lock-in and Permutation
Porter-Cable
Porter-Cable is an American company that manufactures power tools.
See Vendor lock-in and Porter-Cable
Positive feedback
Positive feedback (exacerbating feedback, self-reinforcing feedback) is a process that occurs in a feedback loop which exacerbates the effects of a small disturbance.
See Vendor lock-in and Positive feedback
Prisoner's dilemma
The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment that involves two rational agents, each of whom can cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual reward.
See Vendor lock-in and Prisoner's dilemma
Product (business)
In marketing, a product is an object, or system, or service made available for consumer use as of the consumer demand; it is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy the desire or need of a customer.
See Vendor lock-in and Product (business)
Proprietary file format
A proprietary file format is a file format of a company, organization, or individual that contains data that is ordered and stored according to a particular encoding-scheme, designed by the company or organization to be secret, such that the decoding and interpretation of this stored data is easily accomplished only with particular software or hardware that the company itself has developed.
See Vendor lock-in and Proprietary file format
Proprietary software
Proprietary software is software that grants its creator, publisher, or other rightsholder or rightsholder partner a legal monopoly by modern copyright and intellectual property law to exclude the recipient from freely sharing the software or modifying it, and—in some cases, as is the case with some patent-encumbered and EULA-bound software—from making use of the software on their own, thereby restricting their freedoms.
See Vendor lock-in and Proprietary software
Protocol ossification
Protocol ossification is the loss of flexibility, extensibility and evolvability of network protocols.
See Vendor lock-in and Protocol ossification
QWERTY
QWERTY is a keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets.
Razor and blades model
The razor and blades business model is a business model in which one item is sold at a low price (or given away for free) in order to increase sales of a complementary good, such as consumable supplies. Vendor lock-in and razor and blades model are marketing techniques.
See Vendor lock-in and Razor and blades model
Regional lockout
A regional lockout (or region coding) is a class of digital rights management preventing the use of a certain product or service, such as multimedia or a hardware device, outside a certain region or territory. Vendor lock-in and regional lockout are hardware restrictions.
See Vendor lock-in and Regional lockout
Renewable energy commercialization
Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years.
See Vendor lock-in and Renewable energy commercialization
Richard Stallman
Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), also known by his initials, rms, is an American free software movement activist and programmer.
See Vendor lock-in and Richard Stallman
Roche
F.
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 is a United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce and consequently prohibits unfair monopolies.
See Vendor lock-in and Sherman Antitrust Act
Skype
Skype is a proprietary telecommunications application operated by Skype Technologies, a division of Microsoft, best known for VoIP-based videotelephony, videoconferencing and voice calls.
Smartphone
A smartphone, often simply called a phone, is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities.
See Vendor lock-in and Smartphone
Social media
Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks.
See Vendor lock-in and Social media
Sony BMG
Sony BMG Music Entertainment was an American record company owned as a 50–50 joint venture between Sony Corporation of America and Bertelsmann.
See Vendor lock-in and Sony BMG
Stanley Black & Decker
Stanley Black & Decker, Inc., formerly known as The Stanley Works, is a ''Fortune'' 500 American manufacturer of industrial tools and household hardware, and a provider of security products.
See Vendor lock-in and Stanley Black & Decker
Subscription business model
The subscription business model is a business model in which a customer must pay a recurring price at regular intervals for access to a product or service.
See Vendor lock-in and Subscription business model
Sunk cost
In economics and business decision-making, a sunk cost (also known as retrospective cost) is a cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered.
See Vendor lock-in and Sunk cost
Switching barriers
Switching barriers or switching costs are terms used in microeconomics, strategic management, and marketing. Vendor lock-in and switching barriers are strategic management.
See Vendor lock-in and Switching barriers
Tablet computer
A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package.
See Vendor lock-in and Tablet computer
Telephone company
A telephone company is a kind of electronic communications service provider, more precisely a telecommunications service provider (TSP), that provides telecommunications services such as telephony and data communications access.
See Vendor lock-in and Telephone company
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
See Vendor lock-in and The Independent
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Vendor lock-in and The New York Times
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
See Vendor lock-in and The Wall Street Journal
Tivoization
Tivoization is the practice of designing hardware that incorporates software under the terms of a copyleft software license like the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), but uses hardware restrictions or digital rights management (DRM) to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware.
See Vendor lock-in and Tivoization
Total cost of ownership
Total cost of ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyers and owners determine the direct and indirect costs of a product or service.
See Vendor lock-in and Total cost of ownership
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group N.V. (often abbreviated as UMG and referred to as Universal Music Group or Universal Music) is a Dutch–American multinational music corporation under Dutch law.
See Vendor lock-in and Universal Music Group
Vendor
In a supply chain, a vendor, supplier, provider or a seller, is an enterprise that contributes goods or services.
Video Electronics Standards Association
VESA, formally known as Video Electronics Standards Association, is an American technical standards organization for computer display standards.
See Vendor lock-in and Video Electronics Standards Association
Vorbis
Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation.
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
See Vendor lock-in and Warner Bros.
WAV
Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or WAV due to its filename extension; pronounced or) is an audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on personal computers.
Windows API
The Windows API, informally WinAPI, is the foundational application programming interface (API) that allows a computer program to access the features of the Microsoft Windows operating system in which the program is running.
See Vendor lock-in and Windows API
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is an information system that enables content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists.
See Vendor lock-in and World Wide Web
Xiph.Org Foundation
Xiph.Org Foundation is a nonprofit organization that produces free multimedia formats and software tools.
See Vendor lock-in and Xiph.Org Foundation
See also
Business-to-business
- Adversarial purchasing
- Affiliate marketing
- Affinity marketing
- B2B e-commerce
- Business marketing
- Business-to-business
- Buying center
- Co-marketing
- Designers Guild
- E-procurement
- Firmographics
- ITR (magazine)
- Industrial marketing
- Managed services
- Marketing companies
- Outsourcing
- Relationship substance framework
- RosettaNet
- SAP Anywhere
- Sale of Goods Act 1979
- Scientist.com (company)
- SiriusDecisions
- SiriusDecisions Summit
- Solution selling
- Vendor lock-in
- Yandex Data Factory
Hardware restrictions
- Base Band 5
- Bootloader unlocking
- CIC (Nintendo)
- Closed platform
- DVD Copy Control Association
- DVD region code
- Defective by Design
- Digital Millennium Copyright Act
- EURion constellation
- Hacking of consumer electronics
- Homebrew software
- IOS jailbreaking
- Lockout chip
- Modchip
- NTSC-C
- Operation Tangled Web
- PlayStation 3 Jailbreak
- Printer tracking dots
- Regional lockout
- Rooting (Android)
- SHSH blob
- SIM lock
- Samsung Knox
- Texas Instruments signing key controversy
- Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act
- User operation prohibition
- Vendor lock-in
References
Also known as Connector conspiracy, Customer lock-in, File format lock-in, Platform lock-in, Pottersville pattern, Proprietary lock-in, Technological lock-in, User lock-in, Vendor lock in, Vendor lockin.