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221 relations: Administrative village, Airlangga, Aji Saka, Angkor, Animism, Anjuk Ladang inscription, Archaeology, Avadana, Bakong, Balaputra, Bali, Bali Kingdom, Balitung, Banten, Bantul Regency, Banyunibo, Barong Temple, Barter, Bhagavata Purana, Bhati, Bhikkhu, Blora Regency, Borobudur, Brahmana, Brahmin, Brantas River, Brassard, Buddhism, Calcutta Stone, Cambodia, Candi of Indonesia, Canggal inscription, Carita Parahyangan, Caste, Central Java, Chakravarti (Sanskrit term), Champa, China, City, Crown prince, Cudamani Warmadewa, Culture of Indonesia, Currency, Dewi Sri, Dharanindra, Dharmasetu, Dharmawangsa, Dieng Plateau, Dieng temples, Dutch East Indies, ..., East Java, Galuh Kingdom, Gandavyuha, Gebang, Goldsmith, Gunung Wukir, Halo (religious iconography), Hinduism, History of Indonesia, History of the Malay language, Human settlement, Ijo Temple, India, Indonesia, Indrapura (Khmer), Isyana dynasty, Isyana Tunggawijaya, Jataka tales, Java, Java Sea, Javanese culture, Javanese dance, Javanese language, Javanese people, Jayavarman II, Jombang Regency, Kadisoka, Kahuripan, Kakawin Ramayana, Kaladi inscription, Kalasan, Kalasan inscription, Kalingga Kingdom, Karangtengah inscription, Karma, Kawi language, Kawi script, Kedu Plain, Kedulan, Kejawèn, Keling, Kelurak inscription, Kewu Plain, Khmer Empire, Khmer people, Kimpulan, Krishna, Kshatriya, Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Lahar, Lalitavistara Sūtra, Landed gentry, Landlord, Ligor inscription, Lingam, List of monarchs of Java, Loincloth, Lumban, Laguna, Lumbung, Madiun, Magelang, Magelang Regency, Mahabharata, Maharaja, Mahayana, Mahendradatta, Mahendraparvata, Majapahit, Makutawangsa Wardhana, Malang, Maluku Islands, Mandala, Mandala (political model), Manjushri, Manjusrigrha inscription, Manohara, Mantyasih inscription, Mataram Sultanate, Medang Kamulan, Melayu Kingdom, Mendut, Merak Temple, Minto Stone, Mon kingdoms, Monastery, Mount Merapi, Mount Meru, Mount Penanggungan, Mpu Sindok, Muntilan, Mythology of Indonesia, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Nalanda inscription, Nganjuk Regency, Ngawen, Old Javanese, Old Tagalog, Paddy field, Palace, Palembang, Pallava dynasty, Palm-leaf manuscript, Panangkaran, Pantheon (religion), Pawon, Pendopo, Philippines, Phoebe (plant), Plaosan, Poerbatjaraka, Prambanan, Pramodhawardhani, Progo River, Queen regnant, Rakai Pikatan, Ramayana, Ratu Boko, Relief, Rice, Rishi, Samaragrawira, Samaratungga, Sambisari, Sangha, Sanjaya dynasty, Sanjaya of Mataram, Sanskrit, Sanskritisation, Sari temple, Sash, Sewu, Shailendra dynasty, Shaivism, Shamanism, Shiva, Shivagrha inscription, Shudra, Sleman Regency, Sojiwan, Sojomerto inscription, Solo River, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Srivijaya, Stanza, Stupa, Sudhana, Sumatra, Sunda Kingdom, Suvarnabhumi, Tara (Buddhism), Tĩnh Hải quân, Temanggung Regency, Tondo (historical polity), Tonlé Sap, Tourism in Indonesia, Trimurti, Trowulan, Tulodong, Turban, Udayana, Udayana Warmadewa, Vaishya, Varna (Hinduism), Vassal, Vihara, Wawa of Mataram, Wayang, West Java, Wonoboyo hoard, Wonogiri Regency, Yogyakarta. Expand index (171 more) »
Administrative village
An administrative village (kelurahan, desa) is the lowest level of government administration in Indonesia.
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Airlangga
Airlangga (also spelled Erlangga), regnal name Rakai Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramottunggadewa (born 990 in Bali, Indonesia – died 1049 in Java), was the only raja of the Kingdom of Kahuripan.
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Aji Saka
Aji Saka is a Javanese legend that tells the story about how civilization came to Java, brought by legendary first king of Java named Aji Saka, and the mythical story of Javanese script origin.
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Angkor
Angkor (អង្គរ, "Capital City")Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen.
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Animism
Animism (from Latin anima, "breath, spirit, life") is the religious belief that objects, places and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
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Anjuk Ladang inscription
Anjuk Ladang inscription is a stone stele inscription dated to the year 859 Saka (L.-C. Damais' version, 937 CE) or 857 Saka (Brandes' version, 935 CE) issued by King Sri Isyana (Pu Sindok) of Kingdom of Medang after moving his capital to the eastern part of Java.
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Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Avadana
Avadāna (Sanskrit; Pali cognate: Apadāna) is the name given to a type of Buddhist literature correlating past lives' virtuous deeds to subsequent lives' events.
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Bakong
Bakong (ប្រាសាទបាគង) is the first temple mountain of sandstone constructed by rulers of the Khmer empire at Angkor near modern Siem Reap in Cambodia.
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Balaputra
Balaputra was the maharaja of Srivijaya in the 9th century CE as well as the former head of the Sailendra dynasty.
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Bali
Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.
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Bali Kingdom
The Kingdom of Bali was a series of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of Bali, in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia.
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Balitung
Sri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung Sri Dharmodaya Mahasambu was the king of the Kingdom of Mataram.
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Banten
Banten is the westernmost province on the island of Java, in Indonesia.
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Bantul Regency
Bantul is a regency located in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia.
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Banyunibo
Banyunibo ("dripping water") is a 9th-century Buddhist temple located in Cepit hamlet, Bokoharjo village, Prambanan, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Barong Temple
Barong temple (Candi Barong) is a 9th-century Hindu candi (temple) located approximately 800 meters east-southeast from Ratu Boko compound.
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Barter
In trade, barter is a system of exchange where participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.
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Bhagavata Purana
Bhagavata Purana (Devanagari: भागवतपुराण) also known as Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahā Purāṇa, Śrīmad Bhāgavatam or Bhāgavata, is one of Hinduism's eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas, great histories).
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Bhati
Bhati (also spelled Bhatti) is a clan of Gurjars and Rajputs originating from the Indian subcontinent and are predominantly found in Northern India and Eastern Pakistan.
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Bhikkhu
A bhikkhu (from Pali, Sanskrit: bhikṣu) is an ordained male monastic ("monk") in Buddhism.
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Blora Regency
Blora (ꦧ꧀ꦭꦺꦴꦫ) is a regency in the northeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia.
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Borobudur
Borobudur, or Barabudur (Candi Borobudur, Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.
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Brahmana
The Brahmanas (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणम्, Brāhmaṇa) are a collection of ancient Indian texts with commentaries on the hymns of the four Vedas.
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Brahmin
Brahmin (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण) is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers (acharya) and protectors of sacred learning across generations.
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Brantas River
The Brantas is the longest river in East Java, Indonesia.
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Brassard
A brassard or armlet is an armband or piece of cloth or other material worn around the upper arm; the term typically refers to an item of uniform worn as part of military uniform or by police or other uniformed persons.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Calcutta Stone
Calcutta Stone or known in Indonesia as Pucangan Inscription is an ancient Javanese inscription written in Sanskrit and Old Javanese, dated from 1041 CE during the reign of king Airlangga of the Kahuripan kingdom, that explains some events and the royal genealogy of the king.
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Cambodia
Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Candi of Indonesia
A candi is a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia, mostly built during the Zaman Hindu-Buddha or "Indianized period", between the 4th and 15th centuries.
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Canggal inscription
The Canggal inscription is a Javanese inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Carita Parahyangan
Carita Parahyangan (Tale of Parahyangan) is a text contained in a single manuscript written around the late 16th century, registered as Kropak 406 from the former collection of the Bataviaasch Genootschap voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen (Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences), now in the Perpustakaan National (National Library) in Jakarta.
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Caste
Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.
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Central Java
Central Java (Jawa Tengah, abbreviated as Jateng) is a province of Indonesia.
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Chakravarti (Sanskrit term)
Chakravarti (Sanskrit cakravartin, Pali cakkavattin), is a Sanskrit term used to refer to an ideal universal ruler who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world.
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Champa
Champa (Chăm Pa) was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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City
A city is a large human settlement.
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Crown prince
A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.
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Cudamani Warmadewa
Sri Cudamani Warmadewa or Sri Cudamani Varmadeva or written as Shi-li-zhu-luo-wu-ni-fo-ma-tiao-hua (Chinese transcription), was an emperor of Srivijaya which belongs to the Sailendra dynasty, who reigned in Palembang in the late 10th century CE (circa 988 to 1004).
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Culture of Indonesia
The culture of Indonesia has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences.
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Currency
A currency (from curraunt, "in circulation", from currens, -entis), in the most specific use of the word, refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation as a medium of exchange, especially circulating banknotes and coins.
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Dewi Sri
Dewi Sri, or Shridevi (Dewi literally means goddess) (Javanese: ꦢꦺꦮꦶꦱꦿꦶ), Nyai Pohaci Sanghyang Asri (Sundanese) is the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese pre-Hindu and pre-Islam era goddess of rice and fertility, still widely worshipped on the islands of Bali and Java.
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Dharanindra
Dharanindra or commonly known as King Indra was the ruler of the Sailendra dynasty who was the Maharaja of Central Java and Srivijaya.
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Dharmasetu
Dharmasetu was an 8th-century maharaja of Srivijaya.
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Dharmawangsa
Dharmawangsa, stylized regnal name Sri Maharaja Isyana Dharmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramottunggadewa of Isyana dynasty was the last raja of the Kingdom of Medang reigned from 990-1016 CE.
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Dieng Plateau
Dieng Plateau is a marshy plateau that forms the floor of a caldera complex on the Dieng Volcanic Complex near Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Dieng temples
Dieng temples is the group of 7th and/or eighth century Hindu ''candi'' or temple compounds located in Dieng Plateau, near Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.
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East Java
East Java (Jawa Timur, abbreviated as Jatim, Jåwå Wétan) is a province of Indonesia.
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Galuh Kingdom
Kingdom of Galuh was an ancient Hindu kingdom located in the eastern part of Tatar Pasundan (now West Java province and Banyumasan region of Central Java province), present-day Indonesia.
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Gandavyuha
The Gaṇḍavyūha Sutra or The Flower Ornament Scripture is a Buddhist Mahayana Sutra of Indian origin dating roughly c. 200 to 300 CE.
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Gebang
Gebang (Candi Gebang) is an 8th-century Hindu temple located on the outskirts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Goldsmith
A goldsmith is a metalworker who specializes in working with gold and other precious metals.
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Gunung Wukir
Gunung Wukir temple, or Canggal temple, or also known as Shivalinga is a Shivaite Hindu temple dated from early 8th century, located in Canggal hamlet, Kadiluwih village, Salam subdistrict, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Halo (religious iconography)
A halo (from Greek ἅλως, halōs; also known as a nimbus, aureole, glory, or gloriole) is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in art.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.
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History of Indonesia
The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics.
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History of the Malay language
Malay is a major language of the Austronesian language family.
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Human settlement
In geography, statistics and archaeology, a settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live.
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Ijo Temple
Ijo temple (Candi Ijo) is a Hindu candi (temple) located 4 kilometers from Ratu Boko or around 18 kilometers east from Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Indrapura (Khmer)
According to inscription on the stele of Sdok Kok Thom, Indrapura was the first capital of Jayavarman II reign about 781, before the foundation of Khmer Empire in 802.
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Isyana dynasty
The Isyana Dynasty, rulers of the Kingdom of Medang, was a dynasty of the Hindu Medang Kingdom on the island of Java.
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Isyana Tunggawijaya
Isyana stylized as Sri Isyana Tunggawijaya was a queen regnant of Medang Kingdom, in East Java, that ruled since 947 CE.
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Jataka tales
The Jātaka tales are a voluminous body of literature native to India concerning the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form.
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Java
Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.
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Java Sea
The Java Sea (Laut Jawa) is an extensive shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf.
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Javanese culture
Javanese culture is the culture of the Javanese ethnic group in Indonesia, part of the Indonesian culture.
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Javanese dance
Javanese dance is the dances and art forms that were created and influenced by Javanese culture.
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Javanese language
Javanese (colloquially known as) is the language of the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia.
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Javanese people
The Javanese (Ngoko Javanese:, Madya Javanese:,See: Javanese language: Politeness Krama Javanese:, Ngoko Gêdrìk: wòng Jåwå, Madya Gêdrìk: tiyang Jawi, Krama Gêdrìk: priyantun Jawi, Indonesian: suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java.
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Jayavarman II
Jayavarman II (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី២) (c. 770–835) was a 9th-century king of Cambodia, widely recognized as the founder of the Khmer Empire, the dominant civilisation on the Southeast Asian mainland until the mid 15th century.
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Jombang Regency
Jombang Regency is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya.
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Kadisoka
Kadisoka (Indonesian: Candi Kadisoka) is a partially excavated temple, thought to be Hindu, in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Kahuripan
Kahuripan (also spelt Kuripan) later Kediri was an 11th-century Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom with its capital located around the estuarine of Brantas River valley in East Java.
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Kakawin Ramayana
Kakawin Ramayana is an Old Javanese rendering of the Sanskrit Ramayana in kakawin meter.
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Kaladi inscription
Kaladi inscription is a series of Javanese inscriptions engraved on copper plates dated from the year 831 Saka or 909 CE originated from the Medang Mataram kingdom period.
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Kalasan
Kalasan (Candi Kalasan), also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Java, Indonesia.
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Kalasan inscription
The Kalasan inscription is an inscription dated 700 Saka (778 CE), discovered in Kalasan village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Kalingga Kingdom
Kalingga (Karajan Kalingga; 訶陵 Hēlíng or 闍婆 Dūpó in Chinese sources) was the 6th century Indianized kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.
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Karangtengah inscription
Karangtengah inscription (also known as Kayumwungan inscription) is the inscriptions written on five pieces of stones dated 746 Saka or 824 CE, discovered in Karangtengah hamlet, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Karma
Karma (karma,; italic) means action, work or deed; it also refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect).
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Kawi language
Kawi (from Sanskrit: कवि "kavi" lit. "poet") is a literary and prose language on the islands of Java, Bali, and Lombok.
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Kawi script
Aksara Kawi (from Sanskrit: कवि "kavi" lit. "poet") or Aksara Jawa Kuna ("Old Javanese script") is the name given to the writing system originating in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia from the 8th century to around 1500 AD.
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Kedu Plain
Kedu Plain, also known as Progo River valley, is the fertile volcanic plain that lies between the volcanoes, Mount Sumbing and Mount Sundoro to the west, and Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi to the east, roughly corresponds to present-day Magelang and Temanggung Regency of Central Java, Indonesia.
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Kedulan
Kedulan temple (Candi Kedulan) is a ruin of 9th-century Hindu candi located not far from Sambisari temple.
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Kejawèn
Kejawèn or Javanism, also called Kebatinan, Agama Jawa, and Kepercayaan, is a Javanese religious tradition, consisting of an amalgam of animistic, Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic, especially Sufi, beliefs and practices.
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Keling
Keling is a word used in parts of Southeast Asia to denote a person of South Asian origin, especially from India but to a lesser extent Pakistan and Bangladesh.
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Kelurak inscription
The Kelurak inscription is an inscription dated 704 Saka (782 CE), written in Sanskrit with Pranagari script, discovered near Lumbung temple in Kelurak village, located not far north of Prambanan temple, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Kewu Plain
Kewu Plain, also known as Prambanan Plain or Opak River valley, is a fertile volcanic plain that lies between Merapi-Merbabu complex in the north, Bantul lowlands and Sewu karst limestone range in the south, Bengawan Solo river valley in east, and the Progo River in the west, and Kedu Plain on northwest.
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Khmer Empire
The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.
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Khmer people
Khmer people (ខ្មែរ,, Northern Khmer pronunciation) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Cambodia, accounting for 97.6% of the country's 15.9 million people.
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Kimpulan
Kimpulan (also known as Pustakasala temple) is a 9th to 10th century Hindu temple located in the area of Universitas Islam Indonesia (Indonesia Islamic University or UII), Kaliurang road, Kaliurang, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Krishna
Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) is a major deity in Hinduism.
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Kshatriya
Kshatriya (Devanagari: क्षत्रिय; from Sanskrit kṣatra, "rule, authority") is one of the four varna (social orders) of the Hindu society.
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Laguna Copperplate Inscription
The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (Filipino: Inskripsyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna, Malay: Prasasti keping tembaga Laguna; often shortened into the acronym LCI), a legal document inscribed on a copper plate in 900 AD, is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines.
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Lahar
A lahar (from wlahar) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.
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Lalitavistara Sūtra
The Lalitavistara Sūtra is a Mahayana Buddhist sutra that tells the story of Gautama Buddha from the time of his descent from Tushita until his first sermon in the Deer Park near Varanasi.
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Landed gentry
Landed gentry or gentry is a largely historical British social class consisting in theory of landowners who could live entirely from rental income, or at least had a country estate.
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Landlord
A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a lessee or renter).
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Ligor inscription
Ligor inscription is an 8th-century stone stele or inscription discovered in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula.
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Lingam
Lingam (Sanskrit: लिंगम्,, lit. "sign, symbol or mark"; also linga, Shiva linga), is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu deity Shiva, used for worship in temples, smaller shrines, or as self-manifested natural objects.
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List of monarchs of Java
This is a partial list of the identified hereditary rulers on the Indonesian island Java, together with those of the adjacent island Madura.
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Loincloth
A loincloth is a one-piece male garment, sometimes kept in place by knots, safety pins, velcro straps, buttons, snaps, buckles, zippers or hook-and-eye closures and worn as outer clothing or in the external environment.
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Lumban, Laguna
, officially the, (name), is a settlement_text in the province of,. According to the, it has a population of people.
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Lumbung
Lumbung or Candi Lumbung is a 9th-century Buddhist temple compound located within the complex of Prambanan Temple Tourism Park, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Madiun
Madiun is a city in the western part of East Java, Indonesia, known for its agricultural center.
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Magelang
Magelang is one of six cities in Central Java, each of which is governed by a mayor rather than a bupati.
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Magelang Regency
Magelang (ꦩꦒꦼꦭꦁ) is a regency in Central Java province in Indonesia famous for its 9th century Buddhist temple of Borobudur.
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Mahabharata
The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
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Maharaja
Mahārāja (महाराज, also spelled Maharajah, Moharaja) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or "high king".
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Mahayana
Mahāyāna (Sanskrit for "Great Vehicle") is one of two (or three, if Vajrayana is counted separately) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice.
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Mahendradatta
Mahendradatta (961—1011 CE), also known as Gunapriya Dharmapatni, was the queen of Bali, the queen consort of Udayana Warmadewa, also popularly known as King Udayana from Warmadewa dynasty.
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Mahendraparvata
Mahendraparvata (មហេន្ទ្របវ៌ត) is an ancient city of the Khmer Empire era in Cambodia.
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Majapahit
The Majapahit Empire (Javanese: ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ Karaton Majapahit, Kerajaan Majapahit) was a thalassocracy in Southeast Asia, based on the island of Java (part of modern-day Indonesia), that existed from 1293 to circa 1500.
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Makutawangsa Wardhana
Sri Makutawangsa Wardhana was the king of Medang Kingdom, in East Java, that ruled prior to 990s CE.
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Malang
Malang is the second largest city in Jawa Timur (East Java), Indonesia. It has a history dating back to the age of Singhasari Kingdom. As the second most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 887,443 people in the city. Its built-up (metro) area was home to 2,795,209 inhabitants spread on 2 cities and 22 districts (21 in Malang Regency and 1 in Pasuruan Regency). The city is well known for its mild climate. During the period of Dutch colonization, it was a popular destination for European residents. Until now, Malang still holds its position a popular destination for international tourists. Malang was spared many of the effects of the Asian financial crisis and since that time it has been marked by steady economic and population growth.
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Maluku Islands
The Maluku Islands or the Moluccas are an archipelago within Banda Sea, Indonesia.
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Mandala
A mandala (Sanskrit: मण्डल, maṇḍala; literally "circle") is a spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, representing the universe.
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Mandala (political model)
Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle".
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Manjushri
Mañjuśrī is a bodhisattva associated with prajñā (insight) in Mahayana Buddhism.
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Manjusrigrha inscription
The Manjusrigrha inscription is an inscription dated 714 Saka (792 CE), written in Old Malay with Old Javanese script.
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Manohara
Manohara is the kinnari (half woman, half bird) heroine of one of the Jataka tales.
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Mantyasih inscription
The Mantyasih inscription (also known as Balitung charter and Kedu inscription) is an important inscription found in the village of Mateseh, North Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Mataram Sultanate
The Sultanate of Mataram was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on Java before the island was colonised by the Dutch.
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Medang Kamulan
Medang Kamulan was a semi-mythological kingdom that believed to be once established somewhere in Central Java according to Javanese mythology.
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Melayu Kingdom
The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu, Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom;, reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation mat-la-yu kwok)Muljana, Slamet, (2006), Sriwijaya, Yogyakarta: LKIS,.
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Mendut
Mendut is a ninth-century Buddhist temple, located in Mendut village, Mungkid sub-district, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Merak Temple
Merak temple, or locally known as Candi Merak, is a 10th-century Javanese Shivaist Hindu temple complex located in Karangnongko village, in Klaten Regency, northwest from Klaten town, Central Java, on southeastern slopes of Mount Merapi.
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Minto Stone
The Minto Stone or Stone of Sanggurah, known in Indonesia as Prasasti Sanggurah, is a, tall stone tablet found in Malang, East Java province.
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Mon kingdoms
Mon kingdoms were political establishments by the Mon-speaking people that ruled large sections of present-day Burma (Myanmar) at various times in the last 1200 years.
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Monastery
A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).
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Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi (literally Fire Mountain in Indonesian and Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces, Indonesia.
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Mount Meru
Mount Meru (Sanskrit: मेरु, Tibetan: ཪི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་, Sumeru, Sineru or Mahameru) is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the center of all the physical, metaphysical and spiritual universes.
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Mount Penanggungan
Mount Penanggungan is a small stratovolcano, located immediately on the north side of Arjuno-Welirang volcanic complex in East Java province, Java island, Indonesia.
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Mpu Sindok
Mpu Sindok, throne name: Sri Isyana Vikramadhammatunggadeva, was the last king of the Sanjaya Dynasty who ruled the Kingdom of Mataram from Central Java, reigned from around 928 or 929 AD.
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Muntilan
The Muntilan area is a sub-district (''kecamatan'') in the Magelang Regency, Central Java.
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Mythology of Indonesia
The mythology of Indonesia is very diverse, the Indonesian people consisting of hundreds of ethnic groups, each with their own myths and legends that explain the origin of their people, the tales of their ancestors and the demons or deities in their belief systems.
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Nakhon Si Thammarat
Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช,; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District.
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Nalanda inscription
The Nalanda inscription is an ancient Buddhist inscription located in Nalanda, within the present day Bihar state of Northeastern India.
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Nganjuk Regency
Nganjuk Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of East Java Province, Indonesia.
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Ngawen
Ngawen (known locally as Candi Ngawen) is an 8th-century Buddhist temple compound in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Old Javanese
Old Javanese is the oldest phase of the Javanese language that was spoken in areas in what is now the eastern part of Central Java and the whole of East Java.
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Old Tagalog
Old Tagalog (Filipino: Lumang Tagalog; Baybayin:, Pre-Kudlit) is the earliest form of the Tagalog language and was the language of Central and Southern Luzon during the Classical period in Luzon.
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Paddy field
A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice.
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Palace
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence, or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop.
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Palembang
Palembang (Indonesian pronunciation: palɛmˈbaŋ) is the capital city of South Sumatra province of Indonesia.
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Pallava dynasty
The Pallava dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that existed from 275 CE to 897 CE, ruling a portion of southern India.
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Palm-leaf manuscript
Palm-leaf manuscripts are manuscripts made out of dried palm leaves.
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Panangkaran
Panangkaran or formal regnal name Mahārāja dyāḥ Pañcapaṇa kariyāna Paṇaṃkaraṇa was the king of Shailendra dynasty and also the ruler of Mataram Kingdom between AD 760—775, the kingdom of which its power centralized on Java island of Indonesia.
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Pantheon (religion)
A pantheon (from Greek πάνθεον pantheon, literally "(a temple) of all gods", "of or common to all gods" from πᾶν pan- "all" and θεός theos "god") is the particular set of all gods of any polytheistic religion, mythology, or tradition.
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Pawon
Pawon (known locally as Candi Pawon) is a Buddhist temple in Central Java, Indonesia.
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Pendopo
A pendopo or pendapa is a fundamental element of Javanese architecture; a large pavilion-like structure built on columns.
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Philippines
The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.
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Phoebe (plant)
Phoebe is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae.
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Plaosan
Candi Plaosan, also known as the 'Plaosan Complex', is one of the Buddhist temples located in Bugisan village, Prambanan district, Klaten Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, about a kilometer to the northwest of the renowned Hindu Prambanan Temple.
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Poerbatjaraka
Poerbatjaraka (1 January 1884 – 25 July 1964) was a Javanese/Indonesian self-taught philologist and professor, specialising in Javanese literature.
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Prambanan
Prambanan or Rara Jonggrang (Rara Jonggrang) is a 9th-century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Preserver (Vishnu) and the Transformer (Shiva).
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Pramodhawardhani
Pramodhawardhani (also known as Çrī Kahulunnan or Çrī Sanjiwana) was the queen consort of king Rakai Pikatan (r. 838-850) of Medang Kingdom in 9th century Central Java.
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Progo River
The Progo River (Kali Praga) is a river in southern central Java, Indonesia.
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Queen regnant
A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank to a king, who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch and reigns temporarily in the child's stead.
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Rakai Pikatan
Rakai Pikatan was a king of the Sanjaya dynasty Medang Kingdom in Central Java who built the Prambanan temple, dedicated to Shiva, which was completed in 856 AD.
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Ramayana
Ramayana (रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.
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Ratu Boko
Ratu Boko (Ratu Baka) or Ratu Boko Palace is an archaeological site in Java.
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Relief
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
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Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).
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Rishi
Rishi (Sanskrit: ऋषि IAST: ṛṣi) is a Vedic term for an inspired poet of hymns from the Vedas.
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Samaragrawira
Sri Maharaja Samaragrawira or also known as Rakai Warak was a ruler of the Medang Kingdom of Central Java from approximately 800 to 819.
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Samaratungga
Samaratungga was the head of the Sailendra dynasty who ruled Central Java and Srivijaya in the 8th and the 9th century.
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Sambisari
Sambisari is a 9th-century Hindu temple located at Sambisari hamlet, Purwomartani village, Kalasan, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Sangha
Sangha (saṅgha; saṃgha; සංඝයා; พระสงฆ์; Tamil: சங்கம்) is a word in Pali and Sanskrit meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community" and most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns).
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Sanjaya dynasty
Sañjaya was an ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram kingdom in Java during first millennium CE.
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Sanjaya of Mataram
King Sanjaya of Mataram (AD 716 – 746) or in complete stylized name known as Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu Sanjaya (King Sanjaya Rakai (lord) of Mataram) was the founder of Mataram Kingdom during the eighth century.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Sanskritisation
Sanskritisation (Indian English) or Sanskritization (American English, Oxford spelling) is a particular form of social change found in India.
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Sari temple
Candi Sari (Candi Sari also known as Candi Bendah) is an 8th-century Buddhist temple located at Dusun Bendan, Tirtomartani village, Kalasan, Sleman regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
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Sash
A sash is a large and usually colorful ribbon or band of material worn around the body, draping from one shoulder to the opposing hip, or else running around the waist.
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Sewu
Sewu (Sèwu) is an eighth century Mahayana Buddhist temple located 800 meters north of Prambanan in Central Java, Indonesia.
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Shailendra dynasty
The Shailendra dynasty (derived from Sanskrit combined words Śaila and Indra, meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region.
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Shaivism
Shaivism (Śaivam) (Devanagari: शैव संप्रदाय) (Bengali: শৈব) (Tamil: சைவம்) (Telugu: శైవ సాంప్రదాయం) (Kannada:ಶೈವ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being.
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Shamanism
Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.
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Shiva
Shiva (Sanskrit: शिव, IAST: Śiva, lit. the auspicious one) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.
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Shivagrha inscription
The Shivagrha inscription is an inscription from the Medang Kingdom of Central Java, dated in chandrasengkala (chronogram) ”Wwalung gunung sang wiku”, that is, the year 856 CE (or 778 in the native Saka Calendar).
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Shudra
Shudra is the fourth varna, or one of the four social categories found in the texts of Hinduism.
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Sleman Regency
Sleman is an Indonesian regency (Kabupaten) on the island of Java.
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Sojiwan
Sojiwan (Javanese orthography: Såjiwan, or sometimes spelled Sajiwan) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple located in Kebon Dalem Kidul village, Prambanan, Klaten Regency, Central Java.
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Sojomerto inscription
The Sojomerto inscription is an inscription discovered in Sojomerto village, Reban, Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
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Solo River
Solo River (alternatively, Bengawan Solo, with Bengawan being an Old Javanese word for river) is the longest river in the Indonesian island of Java, it is approximately 600 km (370 mi) in length.
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Special Region of Yogyakarta
The Special Administrative Region of Yogyakarta (occasionally pronounced or; Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), or simply Yogyakarta) is a region of Republic of Indonesia in the middle of Java.
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Srivijaya
Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian/Malay: Sriwijaya, Javanese: ꦯꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪ, Sundanese:, ศรีวิชัย, Sanskrit: श्रीविजय, Śrīvijaya, Khmer: ស្រីវិជ័យ "Srey Vichey", known by the Chinese as Shih-li-fo-shih and San-fo-ch'i t) was a dominant thalassocratic Malay city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.
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Stanza
In poetry, a stanza (from Italian stanza, "room") is a grouped set of lines within a poem, usually set off from other stanzas by a blank line or indentation.
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Stupa
A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
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Sudhana
Sudhanakumâra, mainly known as Sudhana and Shancai or Shancai Tongzi in Chinese, and translated as Child of Wealth, is the protagonist in the next-to-last and longest chapter of the Avatamsaka Sutra.
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Sumatra
Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.
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Sunda Kingdom
The Sunda Kingdom (Sundanese: Karajaan Sunda) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java.
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Suvarnabhumi
(सुवर्णभूमि; Pali) is the name of a land mentioned in many ancient Buddhist sources such as the Mahavamsa, some stories of the Jataka tales, and Milinda Panha.
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Tara (Buddhism)
Tara (तारा,; Tib. སྒྲོལ་མ, Dölma) or Ārya Tārā, also known as Jetsun Dölma (Tibetan language: rje btsun sgrol ma) in Tibetan Buddhism, is an important figure in Buddhism.
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Tĩnh Hải quân
Tĩnh Hải quân or the Jinghai regiments (Chinese: 靜海軍, pinyin: Jìnghǎi-jūn) was a Tang dynasty military protectorate of Annam in now-northern Vietnam from 866 to 968.
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Temanggung Regency
Temanggung Regency (Kabupaten Temanggung) is a regency in the Central Java Province of Indonesia.
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Tondo (historical polity)
In early Philippine history, the Tagalog settlement at Tondo (Baybayin) was a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, on Luzon island.
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Tonlé Sap
Tonlé Sap (ទន្លេសាប, literally large river (tonle); fresh, not salty (sap), commonly translated to 'great lake') refers to a seasonally inundated freshwater lake, the Tonlé Sap Lake and an attached river, the long Tonlé Sap River, that connects the lake to the Mekong River.
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Tourism in Indonesia
Tourism in Indonesia is an important component of the Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues.
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Trimurti
The Trimūrti (Sanskrit: त्रिमूर्ति, "three forms") is the trinity of supreme divinity in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified as a triad of deities, typically Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer, though individual denominations may vary from that particular line-up.
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Trowulan
Trowulan is an archaeological site in Trowulan Subdistrict, Mojokerto Regency, in the Indonesian province of East Java.
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Tulodong
Tulodong was a monarch of the Medang Kingdom of Central Java who reigned from 919 – 924 AD.
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Turban
A turban (from Persian دولبند, dulband; via Middle French turbant) is a type of headwear based on cloth winding.
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Udayana
Udayana, also known as Udayanācārya (Udyanacharya, or Master Udayana), was a very important Hindu logician of the tenth century who attempted to reconcile the views held by the two major schools of logic (Nyaya and Vaisheshika).
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Udayana Warmadewa
Udayana Warmadewa, also Dharmmodayana Warmadewa, was a king of the island of Bali in the 10th century.
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Vaishya
Vaishya is one of the four varnas of the Hindu social order in Nepal and India.
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Varna (Hinduism)
Varṇa (वर्णः) is a Sanskrit word which means type, order, colour or class.
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Vassal
A vassal is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
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Vihara
Vihara (विहार, IAST: vihāra) generally refers to a Buddhist bhikkhu monastery.
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Wawa of Mataram
Sri Maharaja Rakai Pangkaja Dyah Wawa Sri Wijayalokanamottungga, better known in Indonesia as Dyah Wawa, was a ruler of the Mataram Kingdom in Central Java, Indonesia (r. 924—929).
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Wayang
Wayang (Krama Javanese: Ringgit, "Shadow"), also known as Wajang, is a form of puppet theatre art found in Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia, wherein a dramatic story is told through shadows thrown by puppets and sometimes combined with human characters.
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West Java
West Java (Jawa Barat, abbreviated as Jabar; Sundanese: Jawa Kulon) is a province of Indonesia.
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Wonoboyo hoard
Wonoboyo hoard is an important archaeological find of golden and silver artifacts from the 9th century Medang Kingdom in Central Java, Indonesia.
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Wonogiri Regency
Wonogiri is a regency (kabupaten) in the southeastern part of Central Java province in Indonesia.
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Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (also Jogja or Jogjakarta; ꦛꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ; formerly Dutch: Djokjakarta/Djocjakarta or Djokja) is a city on the island of Java in Indonesia.
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Redirects here:
Kingdom of Mataram, Kingdom of Medang, Mataram Kingdom, Mataram kingdom, Medang, Medang kingdom.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medang_Kingdom
