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Bottom trawling

Index Bottom trawling

Bottom trawling is trawling (towing a trawl, which is a fishing net) along the seafloor. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 122 relations: Algal bloom, Anchovy, Australia, Barndoor skate, Benthic zone, Bycatch, Canada, Carbon cycle, Ceduna, South Australia, Chatham Rise, Climate change, Climate change in Germany, Cod, Consensus decision-making, Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Coral, Coral reef, Council of the European Union, Court of Chancery, Current Biology, Cyprus, Darwin Mounds, DDT, Dead zone (ecology), Death, Deep sea, Demersal fish, Demersal zone, Ecosystem, Edward III of England, Egypt, Environmental effects of aviation, Exclusive economic zone, Exclusive economic zone of Sri Lanka, Fathom, Federated States of Micronesia, Fishery Bulletin, Fishing net, Fishing trawler, Flatfish, Float (nautical), Food and Agriculture Organization, Food chain, Good Parliament, Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Great Australian Bight Marine Park, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Greenhouse gas emissions, Gulf of Maine, Hong Kong, ... Expand index (72 more) »

  2. Environmental impact of fishing

Algal bloom

An algal bloom or algae bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems.

See Bottom trawling and Algal bloom

Anchovy

An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae.

See Bottom trawling and Anchovy

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

See Bottom trawling and Australia

Barndoor skate

The barndoor skate (Dipturus laevis) is a species of marine cartilaginous fish in the skate family Rajidae of the order Rajiformes.

See Bottom trawling and Barndoor skate

Benthic zone

The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.

See Bottom trawling and Benthic zone

Bycatch

Bycatch (or by-catch), in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while fishing for specific species or sizes of wildlife. Bottom trawling and Bycatch are environmental impact of fishing.

See Bottom trawling and Bycatch

Canada

Canada is a country in North America.

See Bottom trawling and Canada

Carbon cycle

The carbon cycle is that part of the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth.

See Bottom trawling and Carbon cycle

Ceduna, South Australia

Ceduna is a town in South Australia located on the shores of Murat Bay on the coast, west of the Eyre Peninsula.

See Bottom trawling and Ceduna, South Australia

Chatham Rise

The Chatham Rise is an area of ocean floor to the east of New Zealand, forming part of the Zealandia continent.

See Bottom trawling and Chatham Rise

Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

See Bottom trawling and Climate change

Climate change in Germany

Climate change is leading to long-term impacts on agriculture in Germany, more intense heatwaves and coldwaves, flash and coastal flooding, and reduced water availability.

See Bottom trawling and Climate change in Germany

Cod

Cod (cod) is the common name for the demersal fish genus Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae.

See Bottom trawling and Cod

Consensus decision-making

Consensus decision-making or consensus process (often abbreviated to consensus) is a group decision-making process in which participants develop and decide on proposals with the goal of achieving broad acceptance, defined by its terms as form of consensus.

See Bottom trawling and Consensus decision-making

Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, also known as the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, and CCAMLR, is part of the Antarctic Treaty System.

See Bottom trawling and Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

Coral

Corals are colonial marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria.

See Bottom trawling and Coral

Coral reef

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Bottom trawling and coral reef are environmental impact of fishing.

See Bottom trawling and Coral reef

Council of the European Union

The Council of the European Union, often referred to in the treaties and other official documents simply as the Council, and informally known as the Council of Ministers, is the third of the seven Institutions of the European Union (EU) as listed in the Treaty on European Union.

See Bottom trawling and Council of the European Union

Court of Chancery

The Court of Chancery was a court of equity in England and Wales that followed a set of loose rules to avoid a slow pace of change and possible harshness (or "inequity") of the common law.

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Current Biology

Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

See Bottom trawling and Current Biology

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

See Bottom trawling and Cyprus

Darwin Mounds

Darwin Mounds is a large field of undersea sand mounds situated off the north west coast of Scotland that were first discovered in May 1998.

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DDT

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, commonly known as DDT, is a colorless, tasteless, and almost odorless crystalline chemical compound, an organochloride.

See Bottom trawling and DDT

Dead zone (ecology)

Dead zones are hypoxic (low-oxygen) areas in the world's oceans and large lakes.

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Death

Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.

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Deep sea

The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes.

See Bottom trawling and Deep sea

Demersal fish

Demersal fish, also known as groundfish, live and feed on or near the bottom of seas or lakes (the demersal zone). Bottom trawling and demersal fish are marine biology.

See Bottom trawling and Demersal fish

Demersal zone

The demersal zone is the part of the sea or ocean (or deep lake) consisting of the part of the water column near to (and significantly affected by) the seabed and the benthos.

See Bottom trawling and Demersal zone

Ecosystem

An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.

See Bottom trawling and Ecosystem

Edward III of England

Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377), also known as Edward of Windsor before his accession, was King of England from January 1327 until his death in 1377.

See Bottom trawling and Edward III of England

Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

See Bottom trawling and Egypt

Environmental effects of aviation

Aircraft engines produce gases, noise, and particulates from fossil fuel combustion, raising environmental concerns over their global effects and their effects on local air quality.

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Exclusive economic zone

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has exclusive rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

See Bottom trawling and Exclusive economic zone

Exclusive economic zone of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is ranked 51st in size of its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) with a total size of.

See Bottom trawling and Exclusive economic zone of Sri Lanka

Fathom

A fathom is a unit of length in the imperial and the U.S. customary systems equal to, used especially for measuring the depth of water.

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Federated States of Micronesia

The Federated States of Micronesia (abbreviated FSM), or simply Micronesia, is an island country in Micronesia, a subregion of Oceania.

See Bottom trawling and Federated States of Micronesia

Fishery Bulletin

The Fishery Bulletin is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

See Bottom trawling and Fishery Bulletin

Fishing net

A fishing net is a net used for fishing.

See Bottom trawling and Fishing net

Fishing trawler

A fishing trawler is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls.

See Bottom trawling and Fishing trawler

Flatfish

A flatfish is a member of the ray-finned demersal fish order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes.

See Bottom trawling and Flatfish

Float (nautical)

Floats (also called pontoons) are airtight hollow structures, similar to pressure vessels, designed to provide buoyancy in water.

See Bottom trawling and Float (nautical)

Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.

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Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).

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Good Parliament

The Good Parliament is the name traditionally given to the English Parliament of 1376.

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Grand Banks of Newfoundland

The Grand Banks of Newfoundland are a series of underwater plateaus south-east of the island of Newfoundland on the North American continental shelf.

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Great Australian Bight Marine Park

Great Australian Bight Marine Park is the name given to a group of marine protected areas which are located together within both Australian and South Australian jurisdictions in the Great Australian Bight and which has been in use as recently as 2005.

See Bottom trawling and Great Australian Bight Marine Park

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park protects a large part of Australia's Great Barrier Reef from damaging activities.

See Bottom trawling and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

Greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect.

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Gulf of Maine

The Gulf of Maine is a large gulf of the Atlantic Ocean on the east coast of North America.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Hong Kong dollar

The Hong Kong dollar (sign: HK$; code: HKD) is the official currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

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Huon Commonwealth Marine Reserve

Huon Commonwealth Marine Reserve is a 9,991 km2 marine protected area within Australian waters.

See Bottom trawling and Huon Commonwealth Marine Reserve

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Bottom trawling and Italy

Jim Anderton

James Patrick Anderton (born Byrne; 21 January 1938 – 7 January 2018) was a New Zealand politician who led a succession of left-wing parties after leaving the Labour Party in 1989.

See Bottom trawling and Jim Anderton

Juvenile (organism)

A juvenile is an individual organism (especially an animal) that has not yet reached its adult form, sexual maturity or size.

See Bottom trawling and Juvenile (organism)

Kelp

Kelps are large brown algae or seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.

See Bottom trawling and Kelp

Kiribati

Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati (Ribaberiki Kiribati),.

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Life

Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not.

See Bottom trawling and Life

Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.

See Bottom trawling and Lipophilicity

Lophelia

Lophelia pertusa, the only species in the genus Lophelia, is a cold-water coral that grows in the deep waters throughout the North Atlantic ocean, as well as parts of the Caribbean Sea and Alboran Sea.

See Bottom trawling and Lophelia

Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a regional American daily newspaper that began publishing in Los Angeles, California in 1881.

See Bottom trawling and Los Angeles Times

Mackerel

Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae.

See Bottom trawling and Mackerel

Marine Policy

Marine Policy is a monthly interdisciplinary peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier concerning ocean policy studies, analyzing social science disciplines relevant to the formulation of marine policy.

See Bottom trawling and Marine Policy

Marine protected area

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are protected areas of the world's seas, oceans, estuaries or in the US, the Great Lakes.

See Bottom trawling and Marine protected area

Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands (Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ), is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

See Bottom trawling and Marshall Islands

Midwater trawling

Midwater trawling is trawling, or net fishing, at a depth that is higher in the water column than the bottom of the ocean.

See Bottom trawling and Midwater trawling

National Geographic Society

The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

See Bottom trawling and New Zealand

North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission

The North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC) is a general regional fishery management organisation that maintains controls over fishing and fishing-related acts in the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Nordic Seas, the Barents Sea, the White Sea and the remainder of the northeast Atlantic Ocean, except for the Baltic Sea and the Danish straits.

See Bottom trawling and North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission

North Island

The North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui, 'the fish of Māui', officially North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui or historically New Ulster) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but less populous South Island by Cook Strait.

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North Sea

The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.

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Norway

Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

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Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is a province of Canada, located on its east coast.

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Orange roughy

The orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), also known as the red roughy, slimehead and deep sea perch, is a relatively large deep-sea fish belonging to the slimehead family (Trachichthyidae).

See Bottom trawling and Orange roughy

Overfishing

Overfishing is the removal of a species of fish (i.e. fishing) from a body of water at a rate greater than that the species can replenish its population naturally (i.e. the overexploitation of the fishery's existing fish stock), resulting in the species becoming increasingly underpopulated in that area. Bottom trawling and Overfishing are environmental impact of fishing.

See Bottom trawling and Overfishing

Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

See Bottom trawling and Pacific Ocean

Pair trawling

Pair trawling is a fishing activity carried out by two boats, with one towing each warp (the towing cables).

See Bottom trawling and Pair trawling

Palau

Palau, officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the western Pacific.

See Bottom trawling and Palau

Patrol boat

A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border security, or law enforcement.

See Bottom trawling and Patrol boat

Pelagic fish

Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters—being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore—in contrast with demersal fish that live on or near the bottom, and reef fish that are associated with coral reefs.

See Bottom trawling and Pelagic fish

Pelagic zone

The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth.

See Bottom trawling and Pelagic zone

Persistent organic pollutant

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes.

See Bottom trawling and Persistent organic pollutant

Phoenix Islands Protected Area

The Phoenix Islands Protected Area (PIPA) is located in the Republic of Kiribati, an ocean nation in the central Pacific approximately midway between Australia and Hawaii.

See Bottom trawling and Phoenix Islands Protected Area

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is a chemical element; it has symbol P and atomic number 15.

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Plankton

Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms that drift in water (or air) but are unable to actively propel themselves against currents (or wind).

See Bottom trawling and Plankton

Plough

A plough or plow (US; both) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting.

See Bottom trawling and Plough

Polychlorinated biphenyl

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly carcinogenic chemical compounds, formerly used in industrial and consumer products, whose production was banned in the United States by the Toxic Substances Control Act in 1976 and internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings.

See Bottom trawling and Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Prawn

Prawn is a common name for small aquatic crustaceans with an exoskeleton and ten legs (members of the order of decapods), some of which are edible.

See Bottom trawling and Prawn

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.

See Bottom trawling and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Regional fishery body

A regional fishery body (RFB) is a type of international organization that is part of an international fishery agreement or arrangement to cooperate on the sustainable use and conservation of marine living resources (fish and marine mammals) and/or the development of marine capture fisheries whose such capacity has been recognized by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization under the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement.

See Bottom trawling and Regional fishery body

Scotland

Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Seamount

A seamount is a large submarine landform that rises from the ocean floor without reaching the water surface (sea level), and thus is not an island, islet, or cliff-rock.

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Sebastes

Sebastes is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the subfamily Sebastinae part of the family Scorpaenidae, most of which have the common name of rockfish.

See Bottom trawling and Sebastes

Secretary-General of the United Nations

The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.

See Bottom trawling and Secretary-General of the United Nations

Shark

Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.

See Bottom trawling and Shark

Shrimp

A shrimp (shrimp (US) or shrimps (UK) is a crustacean (a form of shellfish) with an elongated body and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – typically belonging to the Caridea or Dendrobranchiata of the order Decapoda, although some crustaceans outside of this order are also referred to as "shrimp".

See Bottom trawling and Shrimp

South Australia

South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation

The South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO) is an intergovernmental organization created by international treaty, the Convention on the Conservation and Management of High Seas Fishery Resources in the South Pacific Ocean signed in Auckland on.

See Bottom trawling and South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation

Squid

A squid (squid) is a mollusc with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the orders Myopsida, Oegopsida, and Bathyteuthida.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.

See Bottom trawling and Sri Lanka

Subantarctic

The subantarctic zone is a region in the Southern Hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region.

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Subtropics

The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics.

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Surface roughness

Surface roughness can be regarded as the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property. It has different interpretations and definitions depending on the disciplines considered.

See Bottom trawling and Surface roughness

Suspended solids

Suspended solids refers to small solid particles which remain in suspension in water as a colloid or due to motion of the water.

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Tasman Sea

The Tasman Sea is a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean, situated between Australia and New Zealand.

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Territorial waters

Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones).

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The Gully (Atlantic)

The Gully is a large underwater canyon in the Atlantic Ocean near the edge of the eastern continental shelf of North America.

See Bottom trawling and The Gully (Atlantic)

Thomas Remengesau Jr.

Thomas Esang "Tommy" Remengesau Jr. (born 28 February 1956) is a Palauan politician; in 2013 he was elected the ninth president of Palau and was re-elected to that office in 2016.

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Tonne

The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.

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Trawling

Trawling is an industrial method of fishing that involves pulling a fishing net, which is heavily weighted to keep it on the seafloor, through the water behind one or more boats.

See Bottom trawling and Trawling

Turbidity

Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.

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Turtle excluder device

A turtle excluder device (TED) is a specialized device that allows a captured sea turtle to escape when caught in a fisherman's net.

See Bottom trawling and Turtle excluder device

Tuvalu

Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia.

See Bottom trawling and Tuvalu

U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils

The eight U.S. regional fishery management councils are the primary forums for developing conservation and management measures for U.S. marine fisheries.

See Bottom trawling and U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.

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United Nations System-wide Earthwatch

United Nations System-wide Earthwatch is an initiative set up by the United Nations to bring together environmental observations by UN agencies within a consistent framework.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

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Water column

The (oceanic) water column is a concept used in oceanography to describe the physical (temperature, salinity, light penetration) and chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts) characteristics of seawater at different depths for a defined geographical point.

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West Coast of the United States

The West Coast of the United Statesalso known as the Pacific Coast, and the Western Seaboardis the coastline along which the Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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See also

Environmental impact of fishing

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_trawling

Also known as Beam trawl, Beam trawling, Benthic trawling, Bottom trawl, Bottom trawling gear, Bottom trawling technique, Bottom-trawling, Deep sea bottom trawling, Demersal trawling, Design requirements of a bottom trawl, Groundfish trawler, Groundfish trawlers, Ocean bottom trawlers, Ocean bottom trawling, Otter board, Otter trawl, Otter trawling, Seafloor trawl, Seafloor trawler, Wondrychoun, Wondyrchoum.

, Hong Kong dollar, Huon Commonwealth Marine Reserve, Italy, Jim Anderton, Juvenile (organism), Kelp, Kiribati, Life, Lipophilicity, Lophelia, Los Angeles Times, Mackerel, Marine Policy, Marine protected area, Marshall Islands, Midwater trawling, National Geographic Society, New Zealand, North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission, North Island, North Sea, Norway, Nova Scotia, Orange roughy, Overfishing, Pacific Ocean, Pair trawling, Palau, Patrol boat, Pelagic fish, Pelagic zone, Persistent organic pollutant, Phoenix Islands Protected Area, Phosphorus, Plankton, Plough, Polychlorinated biphenyl, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Prawn, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Regional fishery body, Scotland, Seamount, Sebastes, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Shark, Shrimp, South Australia, South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation, Squid, Sri Lanka, Subantarctic, Subtropics, Surface roughness, Suspended solids, Tasman Sea, Territorial waters, The Gully (Atlantic), Thomas Remengesau Jr., Tonne, Trawling, Turbidity, Turtle excluder device, Tuvalu, U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations System-wide Earthwatch, Venezuela, Water column, West Coast of the United States, World War II.