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Wu Zetian

Index Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian (624 December16, 705),Paludan, 100 alternatively named Wu Zhao, Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, also referred to in English as Empress Consort Wu or by the deprecated term "Empress Wu", was a Chinese sovereign who ruled unofficially as empress consort and empress dowager and later, officially as empress regnant (皇帝) during the brief Zhou dynasty (周, 684–705), which interrupted the Tang dynasty (618–690 & 705–907). [1]

293 relations: Alyssa Chia, Amazing Detective Di Renjie, Amazing Detective Di Renjie 2, Amazing Detective Di Renjie 3, An Jincang, Angela Pan, Ann Paludan, Art name, Asphyxia, Beauty World (TV series), Bhikkhu, Bhikkhuni, Bo Yang, Buddhahood, Buddhism, Burton Watson, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Carina Lau, Cen Changqian, Central Asia, Chancellor of the Tang dynasty, Chang'an, Changsha, Chen Shuozhen, Chen Zi'ang, China, Chinese characters of Empress Wu, Chinese era name, Chinese name, Chinese sovereign, Chinese surname, Chinese Wikipedia, Christopher I. Beckwith, Chu Suiliang, Classical Chinese, Compassion, Confucianism, Consort Qi, Consort Xiao, Crown prince, Cui Rong, Cui Xuanwei, Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, De facto, Deprecation, Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame, Di Renjie, Emperor Dezong of Tang, Emperor Gaozong of Tang, Emperor Gaozu of Han, ..., Emperor Gaozu of Tang, Emperor of China, Emperor Ruizong of Tang, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Emperor Yang of Sui, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, Empress dowager, Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei), Empress Lü, Empress Liu (Tang dynasty), Empress Liu (Zhenzong), Empress Wang (Gaozong), Empress Wei (Tang dynasty), Empress Wu (TV series), Empress Wu Tse-Tien (1963 film), Empress Zhangsun, Equal-field system, Eunuch, Fan Bingbing, Fan Lübing, Forensic pathology, Four Garrisons of Anxi, Fu Youyi, Fubing system, Fung Bo Bo, Gao Zhizhou, Gar Trinring Tsendro, Gar Tsenba, Ge Fuyuan, Given name, Goguryeo, Goguryeo–Tang War, Gua Ah-leh, Guangyuan, Guanzhong, Han Chinese, Han dynasty, Han Feizi, Han Yuan, Hao Chujun, Haun Saussy, Hebei, Henan, History of China, Huaiyi, Huan Yanfan, Hubei, Hunan, Hypocrisy, Imperial consorts of Tang China, Imperial examination, Ji (surname), Ji Xu, Jiang Qing, Jiangling County, Jiangsu, Jiao Junyan, Jing Hui, John K. Fairbank, Jonathan Clements, Julian calendar, Kang-i Sun Chang, Kara Hui, Kashgar, Khitan people, King Huai of Chu, Korean Peninsula, Kucha, Lady Wu: The First Empress, Lady-in-waiting, Lai Ji, Lai Junchen, Laozi, Later Jin (Five Dynasties), Lü Zhong, Lhasa, Li Chong (Tang dynasty), Li Duozuo, Li Hong, Li Jiao (Tang dynasty), Li Jingye, Li Jinzhong, Li Li-hua, Li Shangjin, Li Shiji, Li Sujie, Li Yifu, Li Yiyan, Li Zhaode, Li Zhen (Tang dynasty), Li Zhong, Liaocheng, Liaoning, List of Chancellors of Wu Zetian, List of consorts of rulers of China, List of solar eclipses in the 7th century, Liu Shi (Tang dynasty), Liu Tao, Liu Xiaoqing, Liu Xu, Liu Yizhi, Liu Yuxin, Longmen Grottoes, Lou Shide, Lu Zhi (Tang dynasty), Lun Gongren, Luo Binwang, Luo River (Henan), Luoyang, Mad Detective Di Renjie, Maitreya, Mandate of Heaven, Mao Zedong, Minority reign, Mount Tai, Muslim conquest of Persia, Naming taboo, Neo-Confucianism, New Book of Tang, Nine Tripod Cauldrons, North China Plain, Northern Wei, Old Book of Tang, Order of succession, Ouyang Tong, Palace of Desire (TV series), Pearson Education, Pei Xingben, Pei Yan, Political corruption, Prince Yide, Prince Zhanghuai, Princess Taiping, Princess Yongtai, Proleptic Gregorian calendar, Qapaghan Qaghan, Qi (state), Qianling Mausoleum, Qin (state), Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang, Quan Tangshi, Queen consort, Queen regnant, Rebecca Chan, Records of the Grand Historian, Regent, Regulated verse, Ren Zhigu, Ruby Lin, Salic law, Sasanian Empire, Second Turkic Khaganate, Secret History of Empress Wu, Secret History of Princess Taiping, Shandong, Shangguan Wan'er, Shangguan Yi, Shanxi, Shen Quanqi, Sheren Tang, Shijiazhuang, Sichuan, Silla–Tang War, Sima Guang, Sima Qian, Siqin Gaowa, Song dynasty, Song Jing, Song Zhiwen, Strangling, Sudden infant death syndrome, Sun Wanrong, Suo Yuanli, Surname, Suyab, Taishang Huang, Taiyuan, Tan Prefecture (Hunan), Tang dynasty, Tang poetry, Tao Te Ching, Taoism, Temple name, The Empress of China, The Empress of the Dynasty, The Empress Wu Tse-tien (1939 film), The Greatness of a Hero, The Shadow of Empress Wu, Tibet, Tibetan Empire, Tridu Songtsen, Wang Fangqing, Wang Jishan, Wang Xiaojie, Wei Anshi, Wei Shifang, Wei Yuanzhong, Wenshui County, Western Regions, Wet nurse, Women of the Tang Dynasty, Wu (surname), Wu Chengsi, Wu Sansi, Wu Shihuo, Wu Youji, Wu Zetian (1995 TV series), Wu Zi Bei Ge, Xiao Yu, Xu Jingzong, Xue Yuanchao, Yale University Press, Yang Zaisi, Yang Zhirou, Yangzhou, Yao Chong, Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon, Young Sherlock (Chinese TV series), Yu Zhining, Yuan Shuji, Yuan Zhao, Yutian County, Xinjiang, Zhang Changzong, Zhang Jiafu, Zhang Jianzhi, Zhang Jiazhen, Zhang Ting, Zhang Yizhi, Zhang Yue (Tang dynasty), Zhangsun Wuji, Zhao Yi, Zhaoyang District, Zhou dynasty, Zhou dynasty (690–705), Zhou Xing (secret police official), Zhu Jingze, Zhumadian, Zhuying ji, Zizhi Tongjian, Zong Qinke. Expand index (243 more) »

Alyssa Chia

Alyssa Chia (born October 7, 1974) is a Taiwanese actress and television host.

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Amazing Detective Di Renjie

Amazing Detective Di Renjie, also known as Shen Tan Di Renjie and Wu Chao Mi An, is a Chinese television series based on gong'an detective stories related to Di Renjie, a Tang dynasty magistrate and statesman.

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Amazing Detective Di Renjie 2

Amazing Detective Di Renjie 2, also known as Shen Tan Di Renjie 2, is the second installment in a four-season Chinese television series based on gong'an detective stories related to Di Renjie, a Tang dynasty magistrate and statesman.

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Amazing Detective Di Renjie 3

Amazing Detective Di Renjie 3, also known as Shen Tan Di Renjie 3, is the third installment in a four-season Chinese television series based on gong'an detective stories related to Di Renjie, a Tang dynasty magistrate and statesman.

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An Jincang

An Jincang (died 711) was a Tang Dynasty court official responsible for saving the life of Li Dan, the future emperor.

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Angela Pan

Angela Pan Yin-tze (born 5 June 1949) is a Hong Kong actress who starred in numerous films and soap operas in the 1970s–1980s.

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Ann Paludan

Ann Elizabeth Paludan (née Murray) (1928–2014) was a British author of several books on Chinese history, sculpture and architecture.

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Art name

A pseudonym or pen name, also known by its native names hao (in China), gō (in Japan) and ho (in Korea), is a professional name used by East Asian artists.

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Asphyxia

Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.

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Beauty World (TV series)

Beauty World, also known as Tang Gong Meiren Tianxia and World of a Beauty, is a Chinese fantasy-supernatural television series set in the Tang dynasty.

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Bhikkhu

A bhikkhu (from Pali, Sanskrit: bhikṣu) is an ordained male monastic ("monk") in Buddhism.

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Bhikkhuni

A bhikkhunī (Pali) or bhikṣuṇī (Sanskrit) is a fully ordained female monastic in Buddhism.

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Bo Yang

Bo Yang (7 March 1920. BBC News Online (Chinese). 29 April 2008. Accessed 30 April 2008. – 29 April 2008), sometimes also erroneously called Bai Yang, was a Chinese poet, essayist and historian based in Taiwan.

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Buddhahood

In Buddhism, buddhahood (buddhatva; buddhatta or italic) is the condition or rank of a buddha "awakened one".

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Burton Watson

Burton Dewitt Watson (June 13, 1925April 1, 2017) was an American scholar best known for his numerous translations of Chinese and Japanese literature into English.

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Carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in too much carbon monoxide (CO).

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Carina Lau

Carina Lau Kar-ling (born 8 December 1965) is a Chinese actress and singer.

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Cen Changqian

Cen Changqian (died November 7, 691), briefly known as Wu Changqian (武長倩) during the reign of Wu Zetian, formally the Duke of Deng (鄧公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, as well as Wu Zetian's reign and her earlier regency over her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Chancellor of the Tang dynasty

The chancellor was a semi-formally designated office position for a number of high-level officials at one time during the Tang dynasty (this list includes chancellors of the reign of Wu Zetian, which she referred to as the "Zhou dynasty" (周), rather than "Tang" (唐)).

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Chang'an

Chang'an was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an.

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Changsha

Changsha is the capital and most populous city of Hunan province in the south central part of the People's Republic of China.

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Chen Shuozhen

Chen Shuozhen (died 653) was a Tang dynasty woman from Muzhou (in modern Chun'an, Zhejiang), who led a peasant uprising in 653.

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Chen Zi'ang

Chen Zi'ang (661 (or 656)–702), courtesy name Boyu (伯玉), was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese characters of Empress Wu

Chinese characters of Empress Wu, or the Zetian characters, are Chinese characters introduced by Empress Wu Zetian, the only reigning female in the history of China, to demonstrate her power.

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Chinese era name

A Chinese era name is the regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese rulers.

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Chinese name

Chinese personal names are names used by those from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and the Chinese diaspora overseas.

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Chinese sovereign

The Chinese sovereign is the ruler of a particular period in ancient China.

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Chinese surname

Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicized ethnic groups in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and among overseas Chinese communities.

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Chinese Wikipedia

The Chinese Wikipedia is the (Standard) Chinese language edition of Wikipedia.

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Christopher I. Beckwith

Christopher I. Beckwith (born 1945) is a professor in the Department of Central Eurasian Studies at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.

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Chu Suiliang

Chu Suiliang (596–658), courtesy name Dengshan, formally the Duke of Henan, was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor during the reigns of the emperors Taizong and Gaozong in the Tang dynasty.

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Classical Chinese

Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han Dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese.

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Compassion

Compassion motivates people to go out of their way to help the physical, mental, or emotional pains of another and themselves.

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Confucianism

Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.

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Consort Qi

Consort Qi (died 194 BC), also known as Lady Qi, was a consort of Emperor Gaozu, founder of the Han dynasty.

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Consort Xiao

Consort Xiao, imperial consort rank Shufei (蕭淑妃, personal name unknown) (died 655?), was a concubine of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (Li Zhi).

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Crown prince

A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

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Cui Rong

Cui Rong (653–706) was a poet during the era of the Tang Dynasty, which includes the short-lived dynasty of Wu Zetian.

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Cui Xuanwei

Cui Xuanwei (崔玄暐; 638–706), né Cui Ye (崔曄), formally Prince Wenxian of Boling (博陵文獻王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong.

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Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei

The unnamed daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei (12 February 528 – ?) was briefly the emperor of Northern Wei (386–534), a Xianbei dynasty that ruled Northern China from the late fourth to the early sixth century AD.

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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Deprecation

In several fields, deprecation is the discouragement of use of some terminology, feature, design, or practice, typically because it has been superseded or is no longer considered efficient or safe, without completely removing it or prohibiting its use.

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Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame

Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame is a 2010 Chinese-Hong Kong action-adventure mystery film directed and produced by Tsui Hark.

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Di Renjie

Di Renjie (630 – August 15, 700), courtesy name Huaiying (懷英), formally Duke Wenhui of Liang (梁文惠公), was an official of Tang and Zhou dynasties, twice serving as chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian.

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Emperor Dezong of Tang

Emperor Dezong of Tang (27 May 742 – 25 February 805), personal name Li Kuo, was an emperor of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and the oldest son of his father Emperor Daizong.

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Emperor Gaozong of Tang

Emperor Gaozong of Tang (21 July 628 – 27 December 683), personal name Li Zhi, was the third emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683 (although after January 665 much of the governance was in the hands of his second wife Empress Wu, later known as Wu Zetian).

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Emperor Gaozu of Han

Emperor Gaozu of Han (256 BC – 1 June 195 BC), born Liu Bang (刘邦), was the founder and first emperor of the Han dynasty, reigning from 202 – 195 BC.

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Emperor Gaozu of Tang

Emperor Gaozu of Tang (8 April 566 – 25 June 635), born Li Yuan, courtesy name Shude, was the founder of the Tang Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of this dynasty from 618 to 626.

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Emperor of China

The Emperor or Huangdi was the secular imperial title of the Chinese sovereign reigning between the founding of the Qin dynasty that unified China in 221 BC, until the abdication of Puyi in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China, although it was later restored twice in two failed revolutions in 1916 and 1917.

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Emperor Ruizong of Tang

Emperor Ruizong of Tang (22 June 662 – 13 July 716), personal name Li Dan, also known at times during his life as Li Xulun, Li Lun, Wu Lun, and Wu Dan, was the fifth and ninth emperor of Tang Dynasty.

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Emperor Taizong of Tang

Emperor Taizong of Tang (28January 598 10July 649), previously Prince of Qin, personal name Li Shimin, was the second emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649.

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Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei

Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510 – March 31, 528), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei (386–535).

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Emperor Xuanzong of Tang

Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (8 September 685 – 3 May 762), also commonly known as Emperor Ming of Tang or Illustrious August, personal name Li Longji, also known as Wu Longji from 690 to 705, was the seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty in China, reigning from 713 to 756 C.E. His reign of 43 years was the longest during the Tang dynasty.

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Emperor Yang of Sui

Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝, 569 – 11 April 618), personal name Yang Guang (楊廣), alternative name Ying (英), nickname Amo (阿摩), Sui Yang Di or Yang Di (隋炀帝) known as Emperor Ming (明帝) during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong), was the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, and the second emperor of China's Sui dynasty. Emperor Yang's original name was Yang Ying, but was renamed by his father, after consulting with oracles, to Yang Guang. Yang Guang was made the Prince of Jin after Emperor Wen established Sui Dynasty in 581. In 588, he was granted command of the five armies that invaded the southern Chen dynasty and was widely praised for the success of this campaign. These military achievements, as well as his machinations against his older brother Yang Yong, led to him becoming crown prince in 600. After the death of his father in 604, generally considered, though unproven, by most traditional historians to be a murder ordered by Yang Guang, he ascended the throne as Emperor Yang. Emperor Yang, ruling from 604 to 618, committed to several large construction projects, most notably the completion of the Grand Canal. He commanded the reconstruction of the Great Wall, a project which took the lives of nearly six million workers. He also ordered several military expeditions that brought Sui to its greatest territorial extent, one of which, the conquest of Champa in what is now central and southern Vietnam, resulted in the death of thousands of Sui soldiers from malaria. These expeditions, along with a series of disastrous campaigns against Goguryeo (one of the three kingdoms of Korea), left the empire bankrupt and a populace in revolt. With northern China in turmoil, Emperor Yang spent his last days in Jiangdu (江都, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), where he was eventually strangled in a coup led by his general Yuwen Huaji. Despite his accomplishments, Emperor Yang was generally considered by traditional historians to be one of the worst tyrants in Chinese history and the reason for the Sui Dynasty's relatively short rule. His failed campaigns against Goguryeo, and the conscriptions levied to man them, coupled with increased taxation to finance these wars and civil unrest as a result of this taxation ultimately led to the downfall of the dynasty.

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Emperor Zhongzong of Tang

Emperor Zhongzong of Tang (26 November 656 – 3 July 710), personal name Li Xian, and at other times Li Zhe or Wu Xian, was the fourth Emperor of the Tang dynasty of China, ruling briefly in 684 and again from 705 to 710.

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Empress dowager

Empress dowager (also dowager empress or empress mother) (hiragana: こうたいごう) is the English language translation of the title given to the mother or widow of a Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese emperor.

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Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei)

Empress Dowager Hu (胡太后, personal name unknown) (died 17 May 528), formally Empress Ling (靈皇后, literally "the unattentive empress"), was an empress dowager of the nomadic dynasty Northern Wei (515-528).

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Empress Lü

Lü Zhi (241–180 BC), courtesy name Exu, commonly known as Empress Lü and Empress Dowager Lü, or formally Empress Gao of Han, was the empress consort of Emperor Gaozu, the founder and first ruler of the Han Dynasty.

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Empress Liu (Tang dynasty)

Empress Liu (劉皇后, personal name unknown) (died 693), formally Empress Sumingshunsheng (肅明順聖皇后, literally "the solemn, understanding, serene, and holy empress") or Empress Suming (肅明皇后) in short, was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Empress Liu (Zhenzong)

The Zhangxian Mingsu Empress (969–1033), née Liu (劉), was an empress of the Song dynasty, married to the Emperor Zhenzong.

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Empress Wang (Gaozong)

Empress Wang (王玉燕) (died approximately 655 AD.) was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Empress Wei (Tang dynasty)

Empress Wei (韋皇后, personal name unknown) (died July 21, 710) was an empress of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.

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Empress Wu (TV series)

Empress Wu is a 1984 Hong Kong television serial based on the biography of Wu Zetian (Cantonese: Mou Zak-tin), the only woman in Chinese history to assume the title of "Empress Regnant", starring Petrina Fung as the title character.

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Empress Wu Tse-Tien (1963 film)

Empress Wu Tse-Tien (translit. Wu Ze Tian) is a 1963 Hong Kong drama film directed by Li Han Hsiang, about the life of Empress Wu Zetian.

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Empress Zhangsun

Empress Zhangsun (長孫皇后, personal name unknown) (601 – 28 July 636), formally Empress Wendeshunsheng (文德順聖皇后, literally "the civil, virtuous, serene, and holy empress") or, in short, Empress Wende (文德皇后), was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Equal-field system

The equal-field system or land-equalization system was a historical system of land ownership and distribution in China used from the Six Dynasties to mid-Tang dynasty.

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Eunuch

The term eunuch (εὐνοῦχος) generally refers to a man who has been castrated, typically early enough in his life for this change to have major hormonal consequences.

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Fan Bingbing

Fan Bingbing (born 16 September 1981) is a Chinese actress, model, television producer, and pop singer.

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Fan Lübing

Fàn Lübing (范履冰) (died March 26, 690) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong.

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Forensic pathology

Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse.

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Four Garrisons of Anxi

The Four Garrisons of Anxi were Chinese military garrisons installed by the Tang dynasty between 648 and 658.

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Fu Youyi

Fu Youyi (傅遊藝) (died August 24, 691), known as Wu Youyi (武遊藝) during the reign of Wu Zetian, was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor briefly after she took the throne in 690.

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Fubing system

The fubing system was a local militia system in China from 6th to 8th centuries AD, originating in Western Wei and subsequently utilized during the Sui and Tang dynasties.

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Fung Bo Bo

Petrina Fung Bo Bo (born 30 October 1954) is a Hong Kong actress.

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Gao Zhizhou

Gao Zhizhou (高智周) (602–683) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Gar Trinring Tsendro

Gar Trinring Tsendro (? – 699), also known as Lon Trinling, was a general of the Tibetan Empire.

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Gar Tsenba

Gar Tsenba (? – ?), also known as Gar Trintsan Tsangtong, was a general of the Tibetan Empire.

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Ge Fuyuan

Ge Fuyuan (格輔元) (died November 7, 691) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as a chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Given name

A given name (also known as a first name, forename or Christian name) is a part of a person's personal name.

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Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BCE–668 CE), also called Goryeo was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Manchuria.

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Goguryeo–Tang War

The Goguryeo–Tang War occurred from 645 to 668 and was initially fought between the Goguryeo kingdom and Tang Dynasty.

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Gua Ah-leh

Grace Gua Ah-leh (born 2 June 1944) is a Taiwanese actress and singer.

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Guangyuan

Guangyuan is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan Province, China.

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Guanzhong

Guanzhong (formerly romanised as Kwanchung), or Guanzhong Plain, is a historical region of China corresponding to the lower valley of the Wei River.

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese,.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Han Feizi

The Han Feizi is an ancient Chinese text attributed to foundational political philosopher, "Master" Han Fei.

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Han Yuan

Han Yuan (韓瑗) (606–659), courtesy name Boyu (伯玉), formally Duke of Yingchuan (潁川公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Hao Chujun

Hao Chujun (607–681), formally Duke of Zengshan (甑山公), was an official and general of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Haun Saussy

Caleb Powell Haun Saussy (born February 15, 1960) is University Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Chicago.

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Hebei

Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.

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Henan

Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country.

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History of China

The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.

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Huaiyi

Huaiyi (懷義) (died December 25, 694), né Feng Xiaobao (馮小寶), sometimes referred to as Xue Huaiyi (薛懷義), was a Buddhist monk who was known for being the lover of Wu Zetian, the only woman to be commonly recognized as "emperor" in the history of China.

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Huan Yanfan

Huan Yanfan (桓彥範) (653–706), courtesy name Shize (士則), formally Prince Zhonglie of Fuyang (扶陽忠烈王), briefly known during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong of Tang as Wei Yanfan (韋彥範), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong.

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Hubei

Hubei is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the Central China region.

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Hunan

Hunan is the 7th most populous province of China and the 10th most extensive by area.

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Hypocrisy

Hypocrisy is the contrivance of a false appearance of virtue or goodness, while concealing real character or inclinations, especially with respect to religious and moral beliefs; hence in a general sense, hypocrisy may involve dissimulation, pretense, or a sham.

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Imperial consorts of Tang China

Imperial consorts of Tang China are organized in eight or nine ranks, in addition to the empress.

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Imperial examination

The Chinese imperial examinations were a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy.

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Ji (surname)

Ji is the pinyin romanization of a number of distinct Chinese surnames that are written with different characters in Chinese.

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Ji Xu

Ji Xu was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor.

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Jiang Qing

Jiang Qing (March 19, 1914May 14, 1991), also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese Communist Revolutionary, Chinese actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76).

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Jiangling County

Jiangling is a county in southern Hubei province, People's Republic of China.

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Jiangsu

Jiangsu, formerly romanized as Kiangsu, is an eastern-central coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

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Jiao Junyan

Jiao Junyan (born 6 May 1987) is a Chinese actress, best known for her role as Fang Huihui on When Larry Met Mary (2016) and has also starred in a number of films and television series, including Love Is Not Blind (2011), Editorial Department Story (2013), Lala's Shining Days (2013), Bunshinsaba 3 (2014), Noble Aspirations (2016), Medical Examiner Dr. Qin (2016), and Great Di Renjie (2017).

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Jing Hui

Jing Hui (敬暉) (died 706), courtesy name Zhongye (仲瞱), formally Prince Sumin of Pingyang (平陽肅愍王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong.

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John K. Fairbank

John King Fairbank (May 24, 1907 – September 14, 1991), was a prominent American historian of China.

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Jonathan Clements

Jonathan Michael Clements (born 9 July 1971) is a British author and scriptwriter.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar.

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Kang-i Sun Chang

Kang-i Sun Chang (born Sun K'ang-i,; 21 February 1944), is a Chinese-born American scholar of classical Chinese literature.

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Kara Hui

Kara Hui Ying-hung (born 3 February 1960), also romanized as Kara Wai Ying-hung, is a Hong Kong actress of Manchu ethnicity.

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Kashgar

Kashgar is an oasis city in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.

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Khitan people

The Khitan people were a nomadic people from Northeast Asia who, from the 4th century, inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China and the Russian Far East.

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King Huai of Chu

King Huai of Chu (died 296 BC) was from 328 to 299 BC the king of the state of Chu during the Warring States period of ancient China.

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Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula of Eurasia located in East Asia.

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Kucha

Kucha or Kuche (also: Kuçar, Kuchar; كۇچار, Куча,; also romanized as Qiuzi, Qiuci, Chiu-tzu, Kiu-che, Kuei-tzu, Guizi from; Kucina) was an ancient Buddhist kingdom located on the branch of the Silk Road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan Desert in the Tarim Basin and south of the Muzat River.

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Lady Wu: The First Empress

Lady Wu: The First Empress, also known as The Great Empress or Empress Wu Meiniang, is a 2003 Chinese television series based on the biography of Wu Zetian, the only woman in Chinese history to assume the title of Empress Regnant.

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Lady-in-waiting

A lady-in-waiting or court lady is a female personal assistant at a court, royal or feudal, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman.

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Lai Ji

Lai Ji (來濟) (610–662) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Lai Junchen

Lai Junchen (Chinese: 來俊臣) (died April 28, 697) was a secret police official during the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, whose ability to interrogate and falsely implicate officials of crimes made him a subject of fear and hatred.

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Laozi

Laozi (. Collins English Dictionary.; also Lao-Tzu,. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2016. or Lao-Tze;, literally "Old Master") was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer.

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Later Jin (Five Dynasties)

The Later Jìn (936–947), also called Shi Jin (石晉), was one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China.

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Lü Zhong

Lü Zhong (born 17 December 1940), is a Chinese actress.

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Lhasa

Lhasa is a city and administrative capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

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Li Chong (Tang dynasty)

Li Chong (李沖) (died September 22, 688), formally the Prince of Langye (琅邪王), posthumously known during Wu Zetian's reign as Hui Chong (虺沖), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Li Duozuo

Li Duozuo (died August 7, 707), formally the Prince of Liaoyang (遼陽王), was an ethnically Mohe general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Li Hong

Li Hong (652 – 25 May 675), formally Emperor Xiaojing (孝敬皇帝, literally, "the filial and respectful emperor") with the temple name of Yizong (義宗), was a crown prince (not emperor, despite his formal title) of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Li Jiao (Tang dynasty)

Li Jiao, courtesy name Jushan (巨山), formally the Duke of Zhao (趙公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong, and her grandson Emperor Shang.

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Li Jingye

Li Jingye (李敬業) (died December 29, 684), also known as Xu Jingye (徐敬業), was a grandson of the great Tang Dynasty general Li Shiji who, after Emperor Gaozong's wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) had seized power after Emperor Gaozong's death, rose in rebellion against her, but who was quickly defeated and killed in flight.

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Li Jinzhong

Li Jinzhong (李盡忠) (died September 23, 696), titled Mushang Khan (無上可汗, literally "the khan that had no superior"), was a khan of the Khitan who, along with his brother-in-law Sun Wanrong, rose against Chinese hegemony in 696 and further invaded Chinese territory then under the rule of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Li Li-hua

Li Li-hua (17 July 1924 – 19 March 2017) was a Chinese actress, better known as an actress from the Shaw Brothers Studio.

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Li Shangjin

Li Shangjin (李上金) (? - 690) was the third son of Emperor Gaozong of Tang.

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Li Shiji

Li Shiji (594The Old Book of Tang indicated that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, while the New Book of Tang indicated that Li Shiji was 85 at the time of his death. Compare Old Book of Tang, vol. 67 with New Book of Tang, vol. 93. The Zizhi Tongjian, while not explicitly stating that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, appeared to follow the Old Book of Tang by quoting Li Shiji as stating that he was satisfied with living almost to 80. See Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 201. (The New Book of Tang, containing apparently the same quote, had a slightly different version that had Li Shiji stating that he was satisfied with living over 80.) – December 31, 669), courtesy name Maogong, posthumously known as Duke Zhenwu of Ying, was a Chinese general who lived in the early Tang dynasty.

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Li Sujie

Li Sujie (李素節) (646 – June 24, 690), formally the Prince of Xu (許王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Li Yifu

Li Yifu (614–666) was a chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Li Yiyan

Li Yiyan (李義琰) (died 688) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Li Zhaode

Li Zhaode (李昭德) (died April 28, 697) was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty and at one point served as chancellor.

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Li Zhen (Tang dynasty)

Li Zhen (李貞) (627 - October 12, 688), formally Prince Jing of Yue (越敬王), posthumously known during Wu Zetian's reign as Hui Zhen (虺貞), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty who, along with his son Li Chong rose against Wu Zetian, then empress dowager and regent, as they feared that she was about to slaughter the Tang imperial Li clan.

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Li Zhong

Li Zhong (李忠) (643 – January 6, 665), courtesy name Zhengben (正本), formally Prince of Yan (燕王), was a crown prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty.

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Liaocheng

Liaocheng, also known as the Water City, is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, China.

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Liaoning

Liaoning is a province of China, located in the northeast of the country.

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List of Chancellors of Wu Zetian

Wu Zetian was a Chinese sovereign, who ruled officially under the name of her self-proclaimed "Zhou Dynasty", from 690 to 705; however, she had previous imperial positions under both Emperor Taizong of Tang and his son Emperor Gaozong of Tang, of the Tang Dynasty of China.

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List of consorts of rulers of China

The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China.

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List of solar eclipses in the 7th century

This is a list of solar eclipses in the 7th century.

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Liu Shi (Tang dynasty)

Liu Shi (柳奭) (died 659), courtesy name Zishao (子邵), was a chancellor of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Liu Tao

Liu Tao (born 12 July 1978) is a Chinese actress from Nanchang, Jiangxi.

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Liu Xiaoqing

Liu Xiaoqing (born 30 October 1955) is a Chinese actress and businesswoman.

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Liu Xu

Liu Xu (劉昫) (888–947),History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 89.

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Liu Yizhi

Liu Yizhi (劉禕之) (631 – June 22, 687), courtesy name Ximei (希美), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the first reign of Emperor Ruizong.

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Liu Yuxin

Liu Yuxin (born March 13, 1988) is a Chinese actress and model.

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Longmen Grottoes

The Longmen Grottoes (literally Dragon's Gate Grottoes) or Longmen Caves are some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art.

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Lou Shide

Lou Shide (630–699), courtesy name Zongren (宗仁), formally Viscount Zhen of Qiao (譙貞子), was an official and general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, twice serving as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Lu Zhi (Tang dynasty)

Lu Zhi (陸贄; 754–805), courtesy name Jingyu (敬輿), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong.

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Lun Gongren

Lun Gongren (663 – 723) was a general of China during Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Luo Binwang

Luo Binwang (ca. 619–684?), courtesy name Guanguang (觀光/观光), was a Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty.

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Luo River (Henan)

The Luo River is a tributary of the Yellow River in China.

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Luoyang

Luoyang, formerly romanized as Loyang, is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province.

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Mad Detective Di Renjie

Mad Detective Di Renjie, also known as Amazing Detective Di Renjie 4, is the fourth installment in a four-season Chinese television series based on gong'an detective stories related to Di Renjie, a Tang dynasty magistrate and statesman.

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Maitreya

Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pali), is regarded as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.

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Mandate of Heaven

The Mandate of Heaven or Tian Ming is a Chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the King or Emperor of China.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (December 26, 1893September 9, 1976), commonly known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founding father of the People's Republic of China, which he ruled as the Chairman of the Communist Party of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.

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Minority reign

The term minority reign or royal minority refers to the period of a sovereign's rule when he or she is legally a minor.

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Mount Tai

Mount Tai is a mountain of historical and cultural significance located north of the city of Tai'an, in Shandong province, China.

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Muslim conquest of Persia

The Muslim conquest of Persia, also known as the Arab conquest of Iran, led to the end of the Sasanian Empire of Persia in 651 and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Iran (Persia).

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Naming taboo

A naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons in China and neighboring nations in the ancient Chinese cultural sphere.

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Neo-Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism (often shortened to lixue 理學) is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.

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New Book of Tang

The New Book of Tang (Xīn Tángshū), generally translated as "New History of the Tang", or "New Tang History", is a work of official history covering the Tang dynasty in ten volumes and 225 chapters.

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Nine Tripod Cauldrons

The Nine Tripod Cauldrons were a collection of ding cast by the legendary Yu the Great of the Xia dynasty of ancient China.

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North China Plain

The North China Plain is based on the deposits of the Yellow River and is the largest alluvial plain of China.

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Northern Wei

The Northern Wei or the Northern Wei Empire, also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓跋魏), Later Wei (後魏), or Yuan Wei (元魏), was a dynasty founded by the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei, which ruled northern China from 386 to 534 (de jure until 535), during the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

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Old Book of Tang

The Old Book of Tang, or simply the Book of Tang, is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories.

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Order of succession

An order of succession is the sequence of those entitled to hold a high office such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility in the order in which they stand in line to it when it becomes vacated.

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Ouyang Tong

Ouyang Tong (歐陽通) (died November 7, 691), formally the Viscount of Bohai (渤海子), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Palace of Desire (TV series)

Palace of Desire, also known as Daming Gong Ci (literally "Ci of the Daming Palace"), is a Chinese television series based on the life of Princess Taiping, a daughter of China's only female emperor, Wu Zetian.

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Pearson Education

Pearson Education (see also Pearson PLC) is a British-owned education publishing and assessment service to schools and corporations, as well as directly to students.

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Pei Xingben

Pei Xingben (裴行本) was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor.

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Pei Yan

Pei Yan (裴炎) (died November 30, 684), courtesy name Zilong (子隆), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, as well as regency by his wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) over their sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong.

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Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

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Prince Yide

Li Chongrun (682 – October 8, 701), né Li Chongzhao, formally Crown Prince Yide, was an imperial prince of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Prince Zhanghuai

Li Xian (653–684), courtesy name Mingyun, formally Crown Prince Zhanghuai, named Li De from 672 to 674, was a crown prince of the Chinese Tang Dynasty.

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Princess Taiping

Princess Taiping (lit. "Princess of Peace", personal name unknown, possibly Li Lingyue (李令月)) (died 2 August 713) was a princess of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and her mother Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Princess Yongtai

Princess Yongtai, born Li Xianhui; 685 – October 9, 701.

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Proleptic Gregorian calendar

The proleptic Gregorian calendar is produced by extending the Gregorian calendar backward to dates preceding its official introduction in 1582.

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Qapaghan Qaghan

Qapaghan Qaghan or Qapghan Qaghan (Old Turkic:, Qapağan qağan,, Xiao'erjing: ٿِيًا شًا, Dungan: Чяншан, -716) was the second Khaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate during Wu Zetian's reign and was the younger brother of the first kaghan, Ilterish Qaghan.

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Qi (state)

Qi was a state of the Zhou dynasty-era in ancient China, variously reckoned as a march, duchy, and independent kingdom.

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Qianling Mausoleum

The Qianling Mausoleum is a Tang dynasty (618–907) tomb site located in Qian County, Shaanxi province, China, and is northwest from Xi'an,Valder (2002), 80.

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Qin (state)

Qin (Old Chinese: *) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.

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Qin dynasty

The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC.

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Qin Shi Huang

Qin Shi Huang (18 February 25910 September 210) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China.

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Quan Tangshi

Quan Tangshi (Complete Tang Poems), commissioned in 1705 at the direction and published under the name of the Qing dynasty Kangxi Emperor, is the largest collection of Tang poetry, containing some 49,000 lyric poems by more than twenty-two hundred poets.

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Queen consort

A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king (or an empress consort in the case of an emperor).

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Queen regnant

A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank to a king, who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch and reigns temporarily in the child's stead.

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Rebecca Chan

Rebecca Chan Sau Chu (born October 20, 1958; Hong Kong) is a TVB actress.

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Records of the Grand Historian

The Records of the Grand Historian, also known by its Chinese name Shiji, is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court.

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Regent

A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.

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Regulated verse

Regulated verse – also known as Jintishi – is a development within Classical Chinese poetry of the shi main formal type.

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Ren Zhigu

Ren Zhigu (任知古) was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor.

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Ruby Lin

Ruby Lin Xinru (born January 27, 1976) is a Taiwanese actress, television and film producer, and singer.

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Salic law

The Salic law (or; Lex salica), or the was the ancient Salian Frankish civil law code compiled around AD 500 by the first Frankish King, Clovis.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Second Turkic Khaganate

The Second Turkic Khaganate (682-744) was a nomadic confederation or steppe empire in Mongolia.

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Secret History of Empress Wu

Secret History of Empress Wu, also known as Wu Zetian Mishi, is a Chinese television series based on the life of Wu Zetian, the only woman in Chinese history to assume the title of Empress Regnant.

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Secret History of Princess Taiping

Secret History of Princess Taiping, also known as Taiping Gongzhu Mishi, is a 2012 Chinese historical television series.

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Shandong

Shandong (formerly romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region.

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Shangguan Wan'er

Shangguan Wan'er (664?–21 July 710) was a concubine/imperial consort to two emperors of the Tang dynasty.

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Shangguan Yi

Shangguan Yi (608 – 4 January 665), courtesy name Youshao (游韶), formally Duke of Chu (楚公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Shanxi

Shanxi (postal: Shansi) is a province of China, located in the North China region.

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Shen Quanqi

Shen Quanqi (c. 650 – 729), also known as Yunqing, was a Chinese poet and government official active during the Tang dynasty, and the interluding "restored Zhou dynasty" of Wu Zetian.

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Sheren Tang

Sheren Tang Shui-man (born 2 March 1966) is a Hong Kong actress.

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Shijiazhuang

Shijiazhuang is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei Province.

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Sichuan

Sichuan, formerly romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan, is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south.

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Silla–Tang War

The Silla–Tang War (668–676) occurred between the Korean Silla kingdom with the remnant forces from Goguryeo and Baekje (commonly referred to as Unified Silla), and the Chinese Tang dynasty that began in the geopolitical context immediately following the conquest of Goguryeo and Baekje by Silla and Tang China.

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Sima Guang

Sima Guang (17 November 1019 – 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, writer, and politician.

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Sima Qian

Sima Qian was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206AD220).

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Siqin Gaowa

Siqin Gaowa (Mongolian Cyrillic Цэцэнгуа, born 19 January 1950), born Duan Anlin, is a Swiss actress with a Han Chinese father and a Mongolian mother.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Song Jing

Song Jing (宋璟) (663 – November 21, 737), formally Duke Wenzhen of Guangping (廣平文貞公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as the chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong.

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Song Zhiwen

Song Zhiwen (c. 660–712), also known by his courtesy name of Yanqing, was a Chinese poet of the early Tang dynasty, although technically his poetic career was largely within the anomalous dynastic interregnum of Wu Zetian.

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Strangling

Strangling is compression of the neck that may lead to unconsciousness or death by causing an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain.

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Sudden infant death syndrome

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), also known as cot death or crib death, is the sudden unexplained death of a child less than one year of age.

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Sun Wanrong

Sun Wanrong (孫萬榮) (died 697) was a khan of the Khitan people who, along with his brother-in-law Li Jinzhong, rose against Chinese hegemony in 696, with Li Jinzhong as khan, and they further invaded Chinese territory then under the rule of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Suo Yuanli

Suo Yuanli (died 691) was a secret police official during the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, who came to prominence due to his cruelty in acting against officials that Wu Zetian was suspicious toward.

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Surname

A surname, family name, or last name is the portion of a personal name that indicates a person's family (or tribe or community, depending on the culture).

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Suyab

Suyab (سوی آب), also known as Ordukent (modern-day Ak-Beshim), was an ancient Silk Road city located some 50 km east from Bishkek, and 8 km west southwest from Tokmok, in the Chui River valley, present-day Kyrgyzstan.

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Taishang Huang

In Chinese history, a Taishang Huang or Taishang Huangdi, is a retired emperor who had, at least in name, abdicated in favour of someone else.

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Taiyuan

Taiyuan (also known as Bīng (并), Jìnyáng (晋阳)) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in North China.

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Tan Prefecture (Hunan)

Tanzhou or Tan Prefecture (潭州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Changsha, Hunan, China.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tang poetry

Tang poetry refers to poetry written in or around the time of or in the characteristic style of China's Tang dynasty, (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907, including the 690–705 reign of Wu Zetian) and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry.

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Tao Te Ching

The Tao Te Ching, also known by its pinyin romanization Daodejing or Dao De Jing, is a Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the 6th-century BC sage Laozi.

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Taoism

Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as ''Dao'').

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Temple name

Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean (Goryeo and Joseon periods), and Vietnamese (such dynasties as Trần, Lý, and Lê) royalty.

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The Empress of China

The Empress of China is a 2014 Chinese television series based on events in 7th and 8th-century Tang dynasty, starring producer Fan Bingbing as the titular character Wu Zetian — the only female emperor (empress regnant) in the Chinese history.

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The Empress of the Dynasty

The Empress of the Dynasty is a Taiwanese television series based on the life of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history.

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The Empress Wu Tse-tien (1939 film)

The Empress Wu Tse-Tien is a 1939 Chinese historical film based on the life of Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history.

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The Greatness of a Hero

The Greatness of a Hero is a Hong Kong television historical drama serial produced by TVB under executive producer Leung Choi-yuen.

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The Shadow of Empress Wu

The Shadow of Empress Wu, also known as Riyue Lingkong, is a Chinese television series about the relationship between Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in Chinese history, and Xie Yaohuan, a fictional female official serving in Wu's court.

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Tibet

Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.

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Tibetan Empire

The Tibetan Empire ("Great Tibet") existed from the 7th to 9th centuries AD when Tibet was unified as a large and powerful empire, and ruled an area considerably larger than the Tibetan Plateau, stretching to parts of East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.

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Tridu Songtsen

Tridu Songtsen, Tridu Songtsen or Dusong Mangban, (670–704; r. 676–704 CE) was an emperor of the Tibetan Empire from 676 to 704.

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Wang Fangqing

Wang Fangqing (王方慶) (died 702), formal name Wang Lin (王綝) but went by the courtesy name of Fangqing,New Book of Tang, vol.

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Wang Jishan

Wang Jishan (王及善) (618 – August 28, 699), formally Duke Zhen of Xing (邢貞公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Wang Xiaojie

Wang Xiaojie (王孝傑) (died February 8, 697), formally the Duke of Geng (耿國公), was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving in campaigns against Tibet, Eastern Turks, and Khitan and briefly serving as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Wei Anshi

Wei Anshi (651–714), formally Duke Wenzhen of Xun (郇文貞公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor several times, during the reigns of Wu Zetian, her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong, and her grandson Emperor Shang.

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Wei Shifang

Wei Shifang (韋什方) (died 695), also known as Wu Shifang (武什方), was briefly a chancellor during Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty.

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Wei Yuanzhong

Wei Yuanzhong (魏元忠) (died 707), né Wei Zhenzai (魏真宰), formally Duke Zhen of Qi (齊貞公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong.

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Wenshui County

Wenshui County is a county in Shanxi Province, China under the administration of Lüliang city.

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Western Regions

The Western Regions or Xiyu (Hsi-yu) was a historical name specified in the Chinese chronicles between the 3rd century BC to the 8th century AD that referred to the regions west of Yumen Pass, most often Central Asia or sometimes more specifically the easternmost portion of it (e.g. Altishahr or the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang), though it was sometimes used more generally to refer to other regions to the west of China as well, such as the Indian subcontinent (as in the novel Journey to the West).

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Wet nurse

A wet nurse is a woman who breast feeds and cares for another's child.

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Women of the Tang Dynasty

Women of the Tang Dynasty, also known as The World of Tang Women, is a 2013 Chinese television series based on events in the Tang dynasty starting from the late reign of Wu Zetian to Emperor Xuanzong's accession to the throne.

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Wu (surname)

Wu is the pinyin transliteration of the Chinese surname 吳 (Traditional Chinese), 吴 (Simplified Chinese), which is the tenth most common surname in Mainland China.

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Wu Chengsi

Wu Chengsi (Chinese: 武承嗣; Pinyin: Wǔ Chéngsì) (died July 22, 698), formally Prince Xuan of Wei (魏宣王), was a nephew of Chinese sovereign Wu Zetian and an imperial prince during her Zhou Dynasty.

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Wu Sansi

Wu Sansi (died August 7, 707), posthumously Prince Xuan of Liang (梁宣王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and his aunt Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, becoming an imperial prince and chancellor during the reign of Wu Zetian and subsequently, while only briefly chancellor during the second reign of Wu Zetian's son and his cousin Emperor Zhongzong, becoming very powerful due to both the trust Emperor Zhongzong had in him and his affair with Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei.

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Wu Shihuo

Wǔ Shìhuò (559-635 CE) was the father of Wu Zetian, the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Empress Regnant.

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Wu Youji

Wu Youji (武攸暨) (died July 17, 712), formally Prince Zhongjian of Ding (定忠簡王), was an imperial prince of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty and an official of Tang Dynasty.

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Wu Zetian (1995 TV series)

Wu Zetian is a Chinese television series based on the life of Wu Zetian, the only woman in Chinese history to assume the title of Empress Regnant and became the de facto ruler of China in the late seventh century.

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Wu Zi Bei Ge

Wu Zi Bei Ge, also known as Wu Zi Bei Ge: Wu Zetian Zhuan, is a 2006 Chinese television series based on the life of Wu Zetian, the only woman in Chinese history to assume the title of "Empress Regnant".

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Xiao Yu

Xiao Yu (574–647), courtesy name Shiwen, posthumously known as Duke Zhenbian of Song, was an imperial prince of the Western Liang dynasty who later became an official under the Sui and Tang dynasties.

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Xu Jingzong

Xu Jingzong (592 – September 20, 672), courtesy name Yanzu, posthumously known as Duke Gong of Gaoyang, was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor in the Tang dynasty.

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Xue Yuanchao

Xue Yuanchao (622–683), formal name Xue Zhen (薛振) but went by the courtesy name of Yuanchao, formally Baron of Fenyin (汾陰男), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty who served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozong.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.

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Yang Zaisi

Yang Zaisi (楊再思) (died 709), formally Duke Gong of Zheng (鄭恭公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving several times as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong.

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Yang Zhirou

Yang Zhirou (楊執柔) (died 692?) was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor.

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Yangzhou

Yangzhou, formerly romanized as Yangchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, China.

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Yao Chong

Yao Chong (650 – September 28, 721), né Yao Yuanchong (姚元崇), known 700s-713 by the courtesy name of Yuanzhi (元之), formally Duke Wenxian of Liang (梁文獻公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor under four sovereigns—Wu Zetian, her sons Emperor Zhongzong and Emperor Ruizong, and her grandson Emperor Xuanzong.

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Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon

Young Detective Dee: Rise of the Sea Dragon (狄仁傑之神都龍王) is a 2013 Chinese action-adventure fantasy mystery film directed, produced, and co-written by Tsui Hark.

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Young Sherlock (Chinese TV series)

Young Sherlock (Chinese: 少年神探狄仁杰) is a 2014 Chinese television series starring Bosco Wong as a young detective Di Renjie (best known in the west for the fictionalized Judge Dee stories).

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Yu Zhining

Yu Zhining (于志寧) (588–665), courtesy name Zhongmi (仲謐), formally Duke Ding of Yan (燕定公), was a chancellor of the Chinese Tang dynasty, during the reigns of Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong.

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Yuan Shuji

Yuan Shuji (袁恕己) (died 706), formally Prince Zhenlie of Nanyang (南陽貞烈王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhongzong.

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Yuan Zhao

Yuan Zhao (元釗) (526 – May 17, 528), also known in history as Youzhu (幼主, literally "the young lord"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.

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Yutian County, Xinjiang

Yutian County or Keriya (Kériye) County is a county in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China.

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Zhang Changzong

Zhang Changzong (張昌宗) (died February 20, 705), formally the Duke of Ye (鄴公), nickname Liulang (六郎), was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty who, along with his brother Zhang Yizhi, became a lover of Wu Zetian and became very powerful late in her reign.

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Zhang Jiafu

Zhang Jiafu (張嘉福) (died July 25, 710) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Shang.

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Zhang Jianzhi

Zhang Jianzhi (張柬之) (625Zhang's birth year of 625 is based on his biographies in the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang, both of which indicated that he was 81 at the time of his death in 706. However, the New Book of Tang also indicated that he was in his 70s when he was summoned to the capital in 689 which, if true, would make him born in the 610s. See Old Book of Tang, vol. 91 and New Book of Tang, vol. 120.-706), courtesy name Mengjiang (孟將), formally Prince Wenzhen of Hanyang (漢陽文貞王), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as chancellor during the reigns of Wu Zetian and her son Emperor Zhongzong.

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Zhang Jiazhen

Zhang Jiazhen (張嘉貞) (666 – September 19, 729), formally Marquess Gongsu of Hedong (河東恭肅侯), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang.

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Zhang Ting

Chang Ting (born 20 June 1970), also romanized as Zhang Ting, is a Taiwanese actress.

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Zhang Yizhi

Zhang Yizhi (張易之) (died February 20, 705), formally the Duke of Heng (恆公), nickname Wulang (五郎), was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty who, along with his brother Zhang Changzong, became a lover of Wu Zetian and became very powerful late in her reign.

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Zhang Yue (Tang dynasty)

Zhang Yue (663–730), courtesy name Daoji (道濟) or Yuezhi (說之), formally Duke Wenzhen of Yan (燕文貞公), was an official of the Chinese Tang dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty, serving as a chancellor three separate stints during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong.

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Zhangsun Wuji

Zhangsun Wuji (died 659), courtesy name Fuji, formally the Duke of Zhao, was a Chinese official who served as a chancellor in the early Tang dynasty.

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Zhao Yi

Zhao Yi (1727-1814) was a poet, historian, and critic during the Qing Dynasty in China.

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Zhaoyang District

Zhaoyang District is the only district and the seat of the city of Zhaotong, in the northeast of Yunnan Province, China.

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Zhou dynasty

The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.

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Zhou dynasty (690–705)

The Wu Zhou (周), also called the Second Zhou dynasty or Restored Zhou dynasty, was a Chinese dynasty established by Wu Zetian in 690, when she proclaimed herself huangdi (emperor).

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Zhou Xing (secret police official)

Zhou Xing (died 691?) was a secret police official of the Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty of Chinese history.

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Zhu Jingze

Zhu Jingze (朱敬則; 635–709), courtesy name Shaolian (少連), was an official of China's Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Zhumadian

Zhumadian (postal: Chumatien) is a prefecture-level city in southern Henan province, China.

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Zhuying ji

Zhuying ji also known as the Collection of Precious Glories is a collection of Chinese poetry by Cui Rong, first published in the reign of Wu Zetian (690-705).

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Zizhi Tongjian

The Zizhi Tongjian is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084, in the form of a chronicle.

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Zong Qinke

Zong Qinke (宗秦客) (died 691?) was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor during Wu Zetian's reign.

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Redirects here:

Chao Wu, Dowager Empress Wu (Tang Dynasty), Dowager Empress Wu (Tang dynasty), Empress Dowager Wu (Tang Dynasty), Empress Dowager Wu (Tang dynasty), Empress Dowager Wu Zetian, Empress Woo, Empress Wu, Empress Wu Tse-t'ien, Empress Wu Tse-t’ien, Empress Wu Tsê-t'ien, Empress Wu Tsê-tʻien, Empress Wu Zetian, Empress Wu Zetian of China, Empress Wu Zhao, Empress Wu of China, Empress Wu of Zhou, Empress Zetian, Empress regnant of China, List of titles of Wu Zetian, Mo Chak-Tin, Second Zhou Dynasty, Second Zhou dynasty, Tse-tien Wu, Wu (empress), Wu Cheh Tien, Wu Hou, Wu Meiniang, Wu Tse-Tien, Wu Tse-t'ien, Wu Tse-tien, Wu Tse-t’ien, Wu Ze Tian, Wu Zetian, Empress of China, Wu Zetien, Wu Zhao, Wu zetian, Wǔ Zétiān, Zetian Empress, Zetian Wu, Zhou Dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD), Zhou Dynasty (690-705 AD), Zhou Dynasty (690-705), Zhou Dynasty (690–705 AD), Zhou Dynasty (690–705), Zhou dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD), Zhou dynasty (690-705), 武则天, 武則天.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Zetian

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