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72 relations: Active site, Alirocumab, Alternative splicing, Amgen, Amino acid, Annexin A2, Antibody, Apolipoprotein B, Apoptosis, Berberine, Biological target, Bococizumab, C-terminus, Carbohydrate metabolism, Cardiovascular disease, Cerebrospinal fluid, Cholesterol, Chromosome 1, Circadian rhythm, Coronary artery disease, Drug discovery, Endoplasmic reticulum, Endothelium, Enzyme, Epidermal growth factor, Evolocumab, Exon, Extracellular fluid, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Gene, Hepatocyte, Homeostasis, Homology (biology), Immunoglobulin G, Inclisiran, International Journal of Neuroscience, LDL receptor, Leucyl aminopeptidase, Lipoprotein, Liver, Locus (genetics), Low-density lipoprotein, Macrophage, Merck & Co., Messenger RNA, Meta-analysis, Monoclonal antibody, Myocardial infarction, N-terminus, Nabil Seidah, ..., Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Nonsense mutation, Obesity, Oligonucleotide, Pfizer, Phases of clinical research, Proprotein convertase, Protein, Protein isoform, Regeneron, RNA interference, Rockefeller University, Sanofi, Signal peptide, Smooth muscle tissue, Sortilin 1, Statin, Sterol regulatory element-binding protein, The New York Times, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Virus-like particle, Zymogen. Expand index (22 more) »
Active site
In biology, the active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
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Alirocumab
Alirocumab (trade name Praluent), World Health Organization is a biopharmaceutical drug approved by the FDA on July 24, 2015 as a second line treatment for high cholesterol for adults whose cholesterol is not controlled by diet and statin treatment.
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Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
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Amgen
Amgen Inc. (formerly Applied Molecular Genetics Inc.) is an American multinational biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Annexin A2
Annexin A2 also known as annexin II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA2 gene.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Apolipoprotein B
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOB gene.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Berberine
Berberine is a quaternary ammonium salt from the protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids found in such plants as Berberis (e.g. Berberis vulgaris – barberry, Berberis aristata – tree turmeric, Mahonia aquifolium – Oregon-grape, Hydrastis canadensis – goldenseal, Xanthorhiza simplicissima – yellowroot, Phellodendron amurense – Amur cork tree, Coptis chinensis – Chinese goldthread, Tinospora cordifolia, Argemone mexicana – prickly poppy, and Eschscholzia californica – Californian poppy. Berberine is usually found in the roots, rhizomes, stems, and bark. Due to berberine's strong yellow color, Berberis species were used to dye wool, leather, and wood. Wool is still dyed with berberine today in northern India. Under ultraviolet light, berberine shows a strong yellow fluorescence, so it is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a color index of 75160.
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Biological target
A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function.
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Bococizumab
Bococizumab (USAN; development code RN316) is a drug that was in development by Pfizer targeting PCSK9 to reduce LDL cholesterol.
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C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an amino acid chain (protein or polypeptide), terminated by a free carboxyl group (-COOH).
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Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.
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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.
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Chromosome 1
Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome.
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Circadian rhythm
A circadian rhythm is any biological process that displays an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of about 24 hours.
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Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Endothelium
Endothelium refers to cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR.
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Evolocumab
Evolocumab (trade name Repatha) is a monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
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Extracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells.
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Familial hypercholesterolemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, specifically very high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad cholesterol"), in the blood and early cardiovascular disease.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Hepatocyte
A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver.
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
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Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
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Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody.
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Inclisiran
Inclisiran is an experimental drug for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia.
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International Journal of Neuroscience
The International Journal of Neuroscience is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research articles, reviews, brief scientific notes, case studies, letters to the editor, and book reviews concerned with all aspects of neuroscience and neurology.
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LDL receptor
The Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor (LDL-R) is a mosaic protein of 839 amino acids (after removal of 21-amino acid signal peptide) that mediates the endocytosis of cholesterol-rich LDL.
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Leucyl aminopeptidase
Leucyl aminopeptidases (leucine aminopeptidase, LAPs, leucyl peptidase, peptidase S, cytosol aminopeptidase, cathepsin III, L-leucine aminopeptidase, leucinaminopeptidase, leucinamide aminopeptidase, FTBL proteins, proteinates FTBL, aminopeptidase II, aminopeptidase III, aminopeptidase I) are enzymes that preferentially catalyze the hydrolysis of leucine residues at the N-terminus of peptides and proteins.
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Lipoprotein
A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly whose purpose is to transport hydrophobic lipid (a.k.a. fat) molecules in water, as in blood or extracellular fluid.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Merck & Co.
Merck & Company, Inc., d.b.a. Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) outside the United States and Canada, is an American pharmaceutical company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world.
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Messenger RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression.
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Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.
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Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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N-terminus
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide.
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Nabil Seidah
Nabil G. Seidah, (born 1949) is a Canadian Québécois scientist.
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Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital
The Hôpital Necker – Enfants Malades (Necker Hospital – Sick Children) is a French teaching hospital in central Paris.
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Nonsense mutation
In genetics, a point-nonsense mutation is a point mutation in a sequence of DNA that results in a premature stop codon, or a point-nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA, and in a truncated, incomplete, and usually nonfunctional protein product.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Oligonucleotide
Oligonucleotides are short DNA or RNA molecules, oligomers, that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics.
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Pfizer
Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical conglomerate headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.
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Phases of clinical research
The phases of clinical research are the steps in which scientists do experiments with a health intervention in an attempt to find enough evidence for a process which would be useful as a medical treatment.
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Proprotein convertase
Proprotein convertases are a family of proteins that activate other proteins.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant" is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
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Regeneron
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biotechnology company headquartered in Eastview, near Tarrytown, New York.
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RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules.
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Rockefeller University
The Rockefeller University is a center for scientific research, primarily in the biological and medical sciences, that provides doctoral and postdoctoral education.
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Sanofi
Sanofi S.A. is a French multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Gentilly, France, as of 2013 the world's fifth-largest by prescription sales.
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Signal peptide
A signal peptide (sometimes referred to as signal sequence, targeting signal, localization signal, localization sequence, transit peptide, leader sequence or leader peptide) is a short peptide (usually 16-30 amino acids long) present at the N-terminus of the majority of newly synthesized proteins that are destined towards the secretory pathway.
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Smooth muscle tissue
Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle.
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Sortilin 1
Sortilin (SORT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SORT1 gene on chromosome 1.
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Statin
Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications.
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Sterol regulatory element-binding protein
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that bind to the sterol regulatory element DNA sequence TCACNCCAC.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UT Southwestern) is a medical education and biomedical research institution in the United States.
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Virus-like particle
Virus-like particles resemble viruses, but are non-infectious because they contain no viral genetic material.
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Zymogen
A zymogen, also called a proenzyme, is an inactive precursor of an enzyme.
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Redirects here:
PCSK9 (gene), PCSK9 inhibitor, Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCSK9
