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Buran programme

Index Buran programme

The Buran programme (Буран,, "Snowstorm", "Blizzard"), also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme" (lit), was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project that began in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and was formally suspended in 1993. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 146 relations: Anatoly Levchenko, Angara (rocket family), Antonov An-225 Mriya, Astronaut, Atmospheric entry, Bahrain, Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 110, BOR-4, BOR-5, Boris Chertok, Boris Yeltsin, British Interplanetary Society, Buran (spacecraft), Burya, Cathode-ray tube, Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, Central committee, Central Intelligence Agency, Classified information, CNN, Cold War espionage, Concorde, Coordinated Universal Time, Crawler-transporter, Diesel Power (magazine), Dinitrogen tetroxide, Dmitry Ustinov, DRAKON, Drogue parachute, Earth, Encyclopedia Astronautica, Energia (corporation), Energia (rocket), Engineer, EnglishRussia.com, Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy, Extravehicular activity, Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy, Google Earth, Gromov Flight Research Institute, Hangar, Heavy-lift launch vehicle, Helicopter, Human spaceflight, Igor Volk, Intercontinental ballistic missile, International Space Station, James C. Fletcher, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, ... Expand index (96 more) »

  2. 1974 establishments in the Soviet Union
  3. 1993 disestablishments in Russia
  4. Buran program
  5. Myasishchev aircraft
  6. Partially reusable space launch vehicles

Anatoly Levchenko

Anatoly Semyonovich Levchenko (Анатолий Семёнович Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme. Buran programme and Anatoly Levchenko are Buran program.

See Buran programme and Anatoly Levchenko

Angara (rocket family)

The Angara rocket family (Russian: Ангара) is a family of launch vehicles being developed by the Moscow-based Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center.

See Buran programme and Angara (rocket family)

Antonov An-225 Mriya

The Antonov An-225 Mriya (lit; NATO reporting name: Cossack) was a strategic airlift cargo aircraft designed and produced by the Antonov Design Bureau in the Soviet Union. Buran programme and Antonov An-225 Mriya are Buran program.

See Buran programme and Antonov An-225 Mriya

Astronaut

An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek ἄστρον, meaning 'star', and ναύτης, meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Astronaut

Atmospheric entry

Atmospheric entry (sometimes listed as Vimpact or Ventry) is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.

See Buran programme and Atmospheric entry

Bahrain

Bahrain (Two Seas, locally), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia.

See Buran programme and Bahrain

Baikonur Cosmodrome

The Baikonur Cosmodrome is a spaceport operated by Russia within Kazakhstan.

See Buran programme and Baikonur Cosmodrome

Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 110

Site 110 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome is a launch facility which was used by the N1 rocket during the late 1960s and early 1970s, and by the Energia rocket during the 1980s.

See Buran programme and Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 110

BOR-4

The BOR-4 (БОР-4 Беспилотный Орбитальный Ракетоплан 4, Bespilotnyi Orbital'nyi Raketoplan 4, "Unpiloted Orbital Rocketplane 4") flight vehicle is a scaled (1:2) prototype of the Soviet Spiral VTHL (vertical takeoff, horizontal landing) spaceplane. Buran programme and BOR-4 are Buran program and crewed spacecraft.

See Buran programme and BOR-4

BOR-5

The BOR-5 (lit) is a 1:8 sized test flight vehicle, used to study the main aerodynamic, thermal, acoustic and stability characteristics of the Buran. Buran programme and BOR-5 are Buran program.

See Buran programme and BOR-5

Boris Chertok

Boris Yevseyevich Chertok (Бори́с Евсе́евич Черто́к; – 14 December 2011) was a Russian engineer in the former Soviet space program, mainly working in control systems, and later found employment in Roscosmos.

See Buran programme and Boris Chertok

Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Борис Николаевич Ельцин,; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.

See Buran programme and Boris Yeltsin

British Interplanetary Society

The British Interplanetary Society (BIS), founded in Liverpool in 1933 by Philip E. Cleator, is the oldest existing space advocacy organisation in the world.

See Buran programme and British Interplanetary Society

Buran (spacecraft)

Buran (Буран,, meaning "Snowstorm" or "Blizzard"; GRAU index serial number: 11F35 1K, construction number: 1.01) was the first spaceplane to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran program. Buran programme and Buran (spacecraft) are crewed spacecraft and partially reusable space launch vehicles.

See Buran programme and Buran (spacecraft)

Burya

The Burya ("Storm" in Russian; Буря) was a supersonic, intercontinental cruise missile, developed by the Lavochkin design bureau (chief designer Naum Semyonovich Chernyakov) under designation La-350 from 1954 until the program cancellation in February 1960.

See Buran programme and Burya

Cathode-ray tube

A cathode-ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams that are manipulated to display images on a phosphorescent screen.

See Buran programme and Cathode-ray tube

Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute

The Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (also (Zhukovsky) Central Institute of Aerodynamics, Tsentral'nyy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut, TsAGI) was founded in Moscow by Russian aviation pioneer Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky on December 1, 1918.

See Buran programme and Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute

Central committee

The central committee is designated as the highest organ of a communist party between congresses.

See Buran programme and Central committee

Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

See Buran programme and Central Intelligence Agency

Classified information

Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected.

See Buran programme and Classified information

CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

See Buran programme and CNN

Cold War espionage

Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering activities during the Cold War (1947–1991) between the Western allies (primarily the US and Western Europe) and the Eastern Bloc (primarily the Soviet Union and allied countries of the Warsaw Pact).

See Buran programme and Cold War espionage

Concorde

Concorde is a retired Anglo-French supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation (later Aérospatiale) and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC).

See Buran programme and Concorde

Coordinated Universal Time

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the primary time standard globally used to regulate clocks and time.

See Buran programme and Coordinated Universal Time

Crawler-transporter

The crawler-transporters, formally known as the Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities, are a pair of tracked vehicles used to transport launch vehicles from NASA's Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) along the Crawlerway to Launch Complex 39.

See Buran programme and Crawler-transporter

Diesel Power (magazine)

Diesel Power is an American automotive magazine that focuses on interests in heavily modifying trucks, SUVs, and cars powered by diesel engines.

See Buran programme and Diesel Power (magazine)

Dinitrogen tetroxide

Dinitrogen tetroxide, commonly referred to as nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), and occasionally (usually among ex-USSR/Russian rocket engineers) as amyl, is the chemical compound N2O4.

See Buran programme and Dinitrogen tetroxide

Dmitry Ustinov

Dmitriy Fyodorovich Ustinov (Дмитрий Фёдорович Устинов; 30 October 1908 – 20 December 1984) was a Soviet politician and a Marshal of the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

See Buran programme and Dmitry Ustinov

DRAKON

DRAKON is a free and open source algorithmic visual programming and modeling language developed as part of the defunct Soviet Union Buran space program in 1986 following the need in increase of software development productivity. Buran programme and DRAKON are Buran program.

See Buran programme and DRAKON

Drogue parachute

A drogue parachute, also called drag chute, is a parachute designed for deployment from a rapidly moving object.

See Buran programme and Drogue parachute

Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

See Buran programme and Earth

Encyclopedia Astronautica

The Encyclopedia Astronautica is a reference web site on space travel.

See Buran programme and Encyclopedia Astronautica

Energia (corporation)

PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya "Energiya" im.), also known as RSC Energia (РКК «Энергия», RKK "Energiya"), is a Russian manufacturer of spacecraft and space station components.

See Buran programme and Energia (corporation)

Energia (rocket)

Energia (Energy; GRAU 11K25) was a 1980s super-heavy lift launch vehicle.

See Buran programme and Energia (rocket)

Engineer

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who invent, design, analyze, build and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety and cost.

See Buran programme and Engineer

EnglishRussia.com

EnglishRussia is a popular photoblog focusing on unusual aspects of Russian or former-Soviet culture.

See Buran programme and EnglishRussia.com

Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy

Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy (Выставка достижений народного хозяйства, Vystavka dostizheniy narodnogo hozyaystva, abbreviated as VDNKh or VDNH, ВДНХ) is a permanent general purpose trade show and amusement park in Moscow, Russia.

See Buran programme and Exhibition of Achievements of National Economy

Extravehicular activity

Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut in outer space outside a spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Extravehicular activity

Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy

Gleb Yevgenyevich Lozino-Lozinskiy (Глеб Евгеньевич Лозино-Лозинский; Kyiv, January 7, 1910 – Moscow, November 28, 2001) was a Ukrainian engineer, General Director and General Designer of the JSC NPO Molniya, lead developer of the Russian Spiral and Shuttle Buran programme, Doctor of Sciences, Hero of Socialist Labour, laureate of Lenin Prize (1962) and Stalin Prizes (1950, 1952).

See Buran programme and Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy

Google Earth

Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery.

See Buran programme and Google Earth

Gromov Flight Research Institute

The Gromov Flight Research Institute or GFRI for short (Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М. М. Громова, ЛИИ) is an important Russian State Research Centre which operates an aircraft test base located in Zhukovsky, 40 km south-east of Moscow. Buran programme and Gromov Flight Research Institute are Buran program.

See Buran programme and Gromov Flight Research Institute

Hangar

A hangar is a building or structure designed to hold aircraft or spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Hangar

Heavy-lift launch vehicle

A heavy-lift launch vehicle is an orbital launch vehicle capable of generating a large amount of lift to reach its intended orbit.

See Buran programme and Heavy-lift launch vehicle

Helicopter

A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors.

See Buran programme and Helicopter

Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew.

See Buran programme and Human spaceflight

Igor Volk

Igor Petrovich Volk (Игорь Петрович Волк,; 12 April 1937 – 3 January 2017) was a Russian test pilot and former Soviet cosmonaut in the Buran programme. Buran programme and Igor Volk are Buran program.

See Buran programme and Igor Volk

Intercontinental ballistic missile

An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than, primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery (delivering one or more thermonuclear warheads).

See Buran programme and Intercontinental ballistic missile

International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada). Buran programme and International Space Station are crewed spacecraft.

See Buran programme and International Space Station

James C. Fletcher

James Chipman Fletcher (June 5, 1919 – December 22, 1991) served as the 4th and 7th Administrator of NASA, first from April 27, 1971, to May 1, 1977, under President Richard M. Nixon, and again from May 12, 1986, to April 8, 1989, under President Ronald Reagan.

See Buran programme and James C. Fletcher

Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, also known as Soviet Kazakhstan, the Kazakh SSR, or simply Kazakhstan, was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1936 to 1991.

See Buran programme and Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.

See Buran programme and Kazakhstan

Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics

The Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (Институт прикладной математики им.) is a research institute specializing in computational mathematics.

See Buran programme and Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics

Kennedy Space Center

The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC, originally known as the NASA Launch Operations Center), located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers.

See Buran programme and Kennedy Space Center

Kerosene

Kerosene, or paraffin, is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.

See Buran programme and Kerosene

KGB

The Committee for State Security (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (KGB)) was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 13 March 1954 until 3 December 1991.

See Buran programme and KGB

Kliper

Kliper (Клипер, English: Clipper) was an early-2000s proposed partially-reusable (excluding orbital section and thermal protection shield) crewed spacecraft concept by RSC Energia. Buran programme and Kliper are crewed spacecraft and spaceplanes.

See Buran programme and Kliper

Kristall

The Kristall (Crystal) (77KST, TsM-T, 11F77T) module was the fourth module and the third major addition to Mir. Buran programme and Kristall are Buran program.

See Buran programme and Kristall

Launch vehicle

A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space.

See Buran programme and Launch vehicle

Lift-to-drag ratio

In aerodynamics, the lift-to-drag ratio (or L/D ratio) is the lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as an aerofoil or aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air.

See Buran programme and Lift-to-drag ratio

Lifting body

A lifting body is a fixed-wing aircraft or spacecraft configuration in which the body itself produces lift.

See Buran programme and Lifting body

Liquid rocket propellant

The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets).

See Buran programme and Liquid rocket propellant

List of Buran missions

The Buran programme was an attempt by the Soviet Union to construct an orbital spaceplane to perform similar functions to the Space Shuttle. Buran programme and List of Buran missions are Buran program.

See Buran programme and List of Buran missions

Low Earth orbit

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less than 0.25.

See Buran programme and Low Earth orbit

Main Missile and Artillery Directorate

The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, commonly referred to by its transliterated Russian acronym GRAU, is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense.

See Buran programme and Main Missile and Artillery Directorate

MAKS (spacecraft)

The MAKS (Multipurpose aerospace system) (Russian: МАКС (Многоцелевая авиационно-космическая система)) is a Soviet air-launched orbiter reusable launch system project that was proposed in 1988, but cancelled in 1991. Buran programme and MAKS (spacecraft) are spaceplanes.

See Buran programme and MAKS (spacecraft)

Mate-Demate Device

The Mate-Demate Device was a specialized gantry crane designed to lift a Space Shuttle orbiter onto and off the back of a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA).

See Buran programme and Mate-Demate Device

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105

The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105, part of the Spiral program, was a crewed test vehicle to explore low-speed handling and landing. Buran programme and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 are spaceplanes.

See Buran programme and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105

Mil Mi-26

The Mil Mi-26 (Миль Ми-26, NATO reporting name: Halo) is a Soviet/Russian heavy transport helicopter. Its product code is Izdeliye 90. Operated by both military and civilian operators, it is the largest helicopter to have gone into serial production.

See Buran programme and Mil Mi-26

Mir

Mir (Мир) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation. Buran programme and Mir are crewed spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Mir

Mockup

In manufacturing and design, a mockup, or mock-up, is a scale or full-size model of a design or device, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, and other purposes.

See Buran programme and Mockup

Monomethylhydrazine

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a highly toxic, volatile hydrazine derivative with the chemical formula.

See Buran programme and Monomethylhydrazine

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

See Buran programme and Moscow

Myasishchev M-4

The Myasishchev M-4 Molot (Молот (Hammer), USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 37", ASCC reporting name Bison) was a four-engined strategic bomber designed by Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev and manufactured by the Soviet Union in the 1950s to provide a Long Range Aviation bomber capable of attacking targets in North America. Buran programme and Myasishchev M-4 are Myasishchev aircraft.

See Buran programme and Myasishchev M-4

Myasishchev VM-T

The Myasishchev VM-T Atlant (Russian: Мясищев ВМ-Т «Атлант» ("Atlas"), with the "VM-T" ("BM-T") standing for Vladimir MyasishchevTransport) was a variant of Myasishchev's M-4 ''Molot'' bomber (the "3M"), re-purposed as a strategic-airlift airplane. Buran programme and Myasishchev VM-T are Myasishchev aircraft.

See Buran programme and Myasishchev VM-T

N1 (rocket)

The N1/L3 (from Ракета-носитель, "Carrier Rocket"; Cyrillic: Н1) was a super heavy-lift launch vehicle intended to deliver payloads beyond low Earth orbit.

See Buran programme and N1 (rocket)

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

See Buran programme and NASA

New Scientist

New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.

See Buran programme and New Scientist

NPO Molniya

NPO Molniya (lightning) (Научно-производственное объединение «Молния») is a Russian scientific and production enterprise, founded on February 26, 1976.

See Buran programme and NPO Molniya

OK-GLI

The OK-GLI (lit), also known as Buran Analog BTS-02 (lit), was a Soviet atmospheric test vehicle ("Buran aerodynamic analogue") of the orbital Buran spacecraft.

See Buran programme and OK-GLI

Oleg Kotov

Oleg Valeriyevich Kotov (Олег Валериевич Котов) was born on 27 October 1965 in Simferopol, Crimean oblast in the Ukrainian SSR.

See Buran programme and Oleg Kotov

Oleg Ostapenko

Oleg Nikolayevich Ostapenko (Олег Николаевич Остапенко, Олег Миколайович Остапенко, born 3 May 1957) is the former director of Roscosmos, the federal space agency, retired Colonel General in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, former Deputy Minister of Defence, and former commander of the Aerospace Defence Forces, a position he held from their foundation on 1 December 2011 until his promotion in November 2012.

See Buran programme and Oleg Ostapenko

Open-source intelligence

Open source intelligence (OSINT) is the collection and analysis of data gathered from open sources (covert sources and publicly available information) to produce actionable intelligence.

See Buran programme and Open-source intelligence

Orbital Maneuvering System

The Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) is a system of hypergolic liquid-propellant rocket engines used on the Space Shuttle and the Orion MPCV.

See Buran programme and Orbital Maneuvering System

Orbiter Processing Facility

Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) is a class of hangars where U.S. Space Shuttle orbiters underwent maintenance between flights.

See Buran programme and Orbiter Processing Facility

Orel (spacecraft)

Orel (Eagle) or Oryol, formerly Federation (Federatsiya), and PPTS (Prospective Piloted Transport System), is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially reusable crewed spacecraft. Buran programme and Orel (spacecraft) are crewed spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Orel (spacecraft)

Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.

See Buran programme and Oxygen

Progress (spacecraft)

The Progress (Прогресс) is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Progress (spacecraft)

Prolog

Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics.

See Buran programme and Prolog

Ptichka

2K (GRAU index serial number 11F35 2K, NPO Molniya airframe number 1.02), often referred to as Ptichka (Птичка, "little bird", although this was also a nickname for all orbiters in the programme), is the second Buran-class orbiter, produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme.

See Buran programme and Ptichka

Rimantas Stankevičius

Rimantas Antanas Stankevičius (26 July 1944 in Marijampolė, Lithuania – 9 September 1990 in Salgareda, Italy) was a Lithuanian test pilot and cosmonaut in the Soviet space shuttle Buran programme. Buran programme and Rimantas Stankevičius are Buran program.

See Buran programme and Rimantas Stankevičius

Roscosmos

The State Corporation for Space Activities "Roscosmos" (Государственная корпорация по космической деятельности «Роскосмос»), commonly known simply as Roscosmos (Роскосмос), is a state corporation of the Russian Federation responsible for space flights, cosmonautics programs, and aerospace research.

See Buran programme and Roscosmos

RT (TV network)

RT (formerly Russia Today or Rossiya Segodnya; Россия Сегодня) is a Russian state-controlled international news television network funded by the Russian government.

See Buran programme and RT (TV network)

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

See Buran programme and Russia

Salyut 7

Salyut 7 (Салют-7; Salute 7) (a.k.a. DOS-6, short for Durable Orbital Station) was a space station in low Earth orbit from April 1982 to February 1991.

See Buran programme and Salyut 7

Saturn AL-31

The Saturn AL-31 is a family of axial flow turbofan engines, developed by the Lyulka design bureau in the Soviet Union, now NPO Saturn in Russia, originally as a 12.5-tonne (122.6 kN, 27,560 lbf) powerplant for the Sukhoi Su-27 long range air superiority fighter.

See Buran programme and Saturn AL-31

Shuttle Landing Facility

The Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF), also known as Launch and Landing Facility (LLF), is an airport located on Merritt Island in Brevard County, Florida, United States.

See Buran programme and Shuttle Landing Facility

Shuttle–Mir program

The Shuttle–Mir program was a collaborative 11-mission space program between Russia and the United States that involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the Shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard Mir.

See Buran programme and Shuttle–Mir program

Solid-propellant rocket

A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer).

See Buran programme and Solid-propellant rocket

Soloviev D-30

The Soloviev D-30 (now the Aviadvigatel PS-30) is a Soviet two-shaft low-bypass turbofan engine, officially referred to as a "bypass turbojet".

See Buran programme and Soloviev D-30

Soviet crewed lunar programs

The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program.

See Buran programme and Soviet crewed lunar programs

Soviet ruble

The ruble or rouble (p) was the currency of the Soviet Union.

See Buran programme and Soviet ruble

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Buran programme and Soviet Union

Soyuz (spacecraft)

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. Buran programme and Soyuz (spacecraft) are crewed spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Soyuz (spacecraft)

Soyuz 25

Soyuz 25 (Союз 25, Union 25) was an October, 1977, Soviet crewed space flight, the first to the new Salyut 6 space station, which had been launched 10 days earlier. However, the mission was aborted when cosmonauts Vladimir Kovalyonok and Valery Ryumin failed to engage the docking latches of the station despite five attempts.

See Buran programme and Soyuz 25

Soyuz T-12

Soyuz T-12 (also known as Salyut 7 EP-4) was the seventh crewed spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7.

See Buran programme and Soyuz T-12

Soyuz TM-3

Soyuz TM-3 was the third crewed spaceflight to visit the Soviet space station Mir, following Soyuz T-15 and Soyuz TM-2.

See Buran programme and Soyuz TM-3

Soyuz TM-4

Soyuz TM-4 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir.

See Buran programme and Soyuz TM-4

Space exploration

Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space.

See Buran programme and Space exploration

Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Buran programme and space Shuttle are crewed spacecraft and partially reusable space launch vehicles.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle

Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle ''Challenger'' broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle Challenger disaster

Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On Saturday, February 1, 2003, Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disintegrated as it reentered the atmosphere over Texas and Louisiana, killing all seven astronauts on board.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

Space Shuttle orbiter

The Space Shuttle orbiter is the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the discontinued Space Shuttle program. Buran programme and space Shuttle orbiter are crewed spacecraft and spaceplanes.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle orbiter

Space Shuttle program

The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle program

Space Shuttle retirement

The retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle fleet took place from March to July 2011.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle retirement

Space Shuttle thermal protection system

The Space Shuttle thermal protection system (TPS) is the barrier that protected the Space Shuttle Orbiter during the searing heat of atmospheric reentry.

See Buran programme and Space Shuttle thermal protection system

Spacecraft

A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed to fly and operate in outer space.

See Buran programme and Spacecraft

Spaceflight (magazine)

Spaceflight is the monthly magazine of the British Interplanetary Society (BIS), reporting on space exploration topics.

See Buran programme and Spaceflight (magazine)

Spaceplane

A spaceplane is a vehicle that can fly and glide like an aircraft in Earth's atmosphere and maneuver like a spacecraft in outer space. Buran programme and spaceplane are spaceplanes.

See Buran programme and Spaceplane

Specific impulse

Specific impulse (usually abbreviated) is a measure of how efficiently a reaction mass engine, such as a rocket using propellant or a jet engine using fuel, generates thrust.

See Buran programme and Specific impulse

Structural integrity and failure

Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs.

See Buran programme and Structural integrity and failure

STS-1

STS-1 (Space Transportation System-1) was the first orbital spaceflight of NASA's Space Shuttle program.

See Buran programme and STS-1

STS-121

STS-121 was a 2006 NASA Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by.

See Buran programme and STS-121

STS-71

As the third mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, STS-71 became the first Space Shuttle to dock with the Russian space station Mir.

See Buran programme and STS-71

Sub-orbital spaceflight

A sub-orbital spaceflight is a spaceflight in which the spacecraft reaches outer space, but its trajectory intersects the surface of the gravitating body from which it was launched.

See Buran programme and Sub-orbital spaceflight

TASS

The Russian News Agency TASS, or simply TASS, is a Russian state-owned news agency founded in 1904.

See Buran programme and TASS

Test pilot

A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques.

See Buran programme and Test pilot

The Baltimore Sun

The Baltimore Sun is the largest general-circulation daily newspaper based in the U.S. state of Maryland and provides coverage of local, regional, national, and international news.

See Buran programme and The Baltimore Sun

The Christian Science Monitor

The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.

See Buran programme and The Christian Science Monitor

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Buran programme and The New York Times

Tupolev OOS

The Tupolev OOS was a Soviet concept for an air-launched, single-stage-to-orbit spaceplane. Buran programme and Tupolev OOS are spaceplanes.

See Buran programme and Tupolev OOS

Tupolev Tu-144

The Tupolev Tu-144 (Tyполев Ту-144; NATO reporting name: Charger) is a Soviet supersonic passenger airliner designed by Tupolev in operation from 1968 to 1999.

See Buran programme and Tupolev Tu-144

Turbofan

A turbofan or fanjet is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used in aircraft propulsion.

See Buran programme and Turbofan

Turbopump

A turbopump is a propellant pump with two main components: a rotodynamic pump and a driving gas turbine, usually both mounted on the same shaft, or sometimes geared together.

See Buran programme and Turbopump

Uncrewed spacecraft

Uncrewed spacecraft or robotic spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board.

See Buran programme and Uncrewed spacecraft

United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

See Buran programme and United States Department of Defense

Valentin Glushko

Valentin Petrovich Glushko (Валенти́н Петро́вич Глушко́; Valentyn Petrovych Hlushko; born 2 September 1908 – 10 January 1989) was a Soviet engineer who was program manager of the Soviet space program from 1974 until 1989.

See Buran programme and Valentin Glushko

Vehicle Assembly Building

The Vehicle Assembly Building (originally the Vertical Assembly Building), or VAB, is a large building at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, designed to assemble large pre-manufactured space vehicle components, such as the massive Saturn V, the Space Shuttle and the Space Launch System, and stack them vertically onto one of three mobile launcher platforms used by NASA.

See Buran programme and Vehicle Assembly Building

Vostok (spacecraft)

Vostok (Восток, translated as "East") was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. Buran programme and Vostok (spacecraft) are crewed spacecraft.

See Buran programme and Vostok (spacecraft)

Wind tunnel

Wind tunnels are machines in which objects are held stationary inside a tube, and air is blown around it to study the interaction between the object and the moving air.

See Buran programme and Wind tunnel

YouTube

YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.

See Buran programme and YouTube

Zenit-2

The Zenit-2 was a Ukrainian, previously Soviet, expendable carrier rocket.

See Buran programme and Zenit-2

Zhukovsky International Airport

Zhukovsky (Жуковский), formerly (and still occasionally) known as Ramenskoye (Раменское) is an international airport, located in Moscow Oblast, Russia, southeast of central Moscow, in the city of Zhukovsky, a few kilometers south-east of the closed Bykovo Airport.

See Buran programme and Zhukovsky International Airport

Zvezda (ISS module)

Zvezda (Звезда, meaning "star"), ''Salyut'' DOS-8, also known as the Zvezda Service Module, is a module of the International Space Station (ISS).

See Buran programme and Zvezda (ISS module)

2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft)

2.01 (GRAU index serial number 11F35 3K) is the designation of the third Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme.

See Buran programme and 2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft)

2.02 (Buran-class spacecraft)

2.02 (GRAU index serial number 11F35 4K) is the designation of the fourth built Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme.

See Buran programme and 2.02 (Buran-class spacecraft)

2.03 (Buran-class spacecraft)

2.03 (GRAU index serial number 11F35 5K) is the designation of the fifth Soviet/Russian Buran-class orbiter to be produced as part of the Buran programme.

See Buran programme and 2.03 (Buran-class spacecraft)

See also

1974 establishments in the Soviet Union

1993 disestablishments in Russia

Buran program

Myasishchev aircraft

Partially reusable space launch vehicles

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buran_programme

Also known as Buran Program, Buran hangar collapse, Buran-class orbiter, Mir LII-1, Shuttle Buran program.

, Kazakhstan, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, Kennedy Space Center, Kerosene, KGB, Kliper, Kristall, Launch vehicle, Lift-to-drag ratio, Lifting body, Liquid rocket propellant, List of Buran missions, Low Earth orbit, Main Missile and Artillery Directorate, MAKS (spacecraft), Mate-Demate Device, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105, Mil Mi-26, Mir, Mockup, Monomethylhydrazine, Moscow, Myasishchev M-4, Myasishchev VM-T, N1 (rocket), NASA, New Scientist, NPO Molniya, OK-GLI, Oleg Kotov, Oleg Ostapenko, Open-source intelligence, Orbital Maneuvering System, Orbiter Processing Facility, Orel (spacecraft), Oxygen, Progress (spacecraft), Prolog, Ptichka, Rimantas Stankevičius, Roscosmos, RT (TV network), Russia, Salyut 7, Saturn AL-31, Shuttle Landing Facility, Shuttle–Mir program, Solid-propellant rocket, Soloviev D-30, Soviet crewed lunar programs, Soviet ruble, Soviet Union, Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz 25, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-4, Space exploration, Space Shuttle, Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, Space Shuttle orbiter, Space Shuttle program, Space Shuttle retirement, Space Shuttle thermal protection system, Spacecraft, Spaceflight (magazine), Spaceplane, Specific impulse, Structural integrity and failure, STS-1, STS-121, STS-71, Sub-orbital spaceflight, TASS, Test pilot, The Baltimore Sun, The Christian Science Monitor, The New York Times, Tupolev OOS, Tupolev Tu-144, Turbofan, Turbopump, Uncrewed spacecraft, United States Department of Defense, Valentin Glushko, Vehicle Assembly Building, Vostok (spacecraft), Wind tunnel, YouTube, Zenit-2, Zhukovsky International Airport, Zvezda (ISS module), 2.01 (Buran-class spacecraft), 2.02 (Buran-class spacecraft), 2.03 (Buran-class spacecraft).