Table of Contents
163 relations: A. Lawrence Lowell, Alan Stern, Albedo, Alexis Bouvard, Apparent magnitude, Apparent retrograde motion, Apsis, Arequipa, Argument of periapsis, Armin Otto Leuschner, Asteroid, Astronomical unit, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Backyard Worlds, Blink comparator, Brahma, Brian G. Marsden, Camille Flammarion, Cartesian coordinate system, Cassini–Huygens, Chad Trujillo, Charon (moon), Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters, Classical mechanics, Clearing the neighbourhood, Clyde Tombaugh, CNN, Comet, Comet Swift–Tuttle, Complutense University of Madrid, David C. Jewitt, David Peck Todd, Detached object, Dwarf planet, E. Myles Standish, Earth, Ecliptic, Ernest William Brown, Errors and residuals, Europa (moon), Extreme trans-Neptunian object, Fictional planets of the Solar System, Flagstaff, Arizona, Galactic tide, Galilean moons, Ganymede (moon), Gas giant, George Biddell Airy, George Forbes (scientist), ... Expand index (113 more) »
- Astronomical controversies
- Early scientific cosmologies
- Hypothetical bodies of the Solar System
- Hypothetical planets
- Hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects
- Planets of the Solar System
- Pluto's planethood
- Solar System dynamic theories
- Trans-Neptunian objects
A. Lawrence Lowell
Abbott Lawrence Lowell (December 13, 1856 – January 6, 1943) was an American educator and legal scholar.
See Planets beyond Neptune and A. Lawrence Lowell
Alan Stern
Sol Alan Stern (born November 22, 1957) is an American engineer, planetary scientist and space tourist. Planets beyond Neptune and Alan Stern are Pluto's planethood.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Alan Stern
Albedo
Albedo is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Albedo
Alexis Bouvard
Alexis Bouvard (27 June 1767 – 7 June 1843) was a French astronomer.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Alexis Bouvard
Apparent magnitude
Apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star or other astronomical object.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Apparent magnitude
Apparent retrograde motion
Apparent retrograde motion is the apparent motion of a planet in a direction opposite to that of other bodies within its system, as observed from a particular vantage point.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Apparent retrograde motion
Apsis
An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Apsis
Arequipa
Arequipa (Aymara and Ariqipa), also known by its nicknames of Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "White City") and León del Sur (Spanish for "Lion of the South"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous province and department.
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Argument of periapsis
The argument of periapsis (also called argument of perifocus or argument of pericenter), symbolized as ω (omega), is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Argument of periapsis
Armin Otto Leuschner
Armin Otto Leuschner (January 16, 1868 – April 22, 1953) was an American astronomer and educator.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Armin Otto Leuschner
Asteroid
An asteroid is a minor planet—an object that is neither a true planet nor an identified comet— that orbits within the inner Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and asteroid are solar System.
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Astronomical unit
The astronomical unit (symbol: au, or AU) is a unit of length defined to be exactly equal to.
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Astronomy & Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.
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Atacama Large Millimeter Array
The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths.
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Backyard Worlds
Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 is a NASA-funded citizen science project which is part of the Zooniverse web portal.
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Blink comparator
A blink comparator is a viewing apparatus formerly used by astronomers to find differences between two photographs of the night sky.
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Brahma
Brahma (ब्रह्मा) is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu and Shiva.
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Brian G. Marsden
Brian Geoffrey Marsden (5 August 1937 – 18 November 2010) was a British astronomer and the longtime director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the Center for Astrophysics ! Harvard & Smithsonian (director emeritus from 2006 to 2010).
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Camille Flammarion
Nicolas Camille Flammarion FRAS (26 February 1842 – 3 June 1925) was a French astronomer and author.
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Cartesian coordinate system
In geometry, a Cartesian coordinate system in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of real numbers called coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, called coordinate lines, coordinate axes or just axes (plural of axis) of the system.
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Cassini–Huygens
Cassini–Huygens, commonly called Cassini, was a space-research mission by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a space probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.
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Chad Trujillo
Chadwick A. Trujillo (born November 22, 1973) is an American astronomer, discoverer of minor planets and the co-discoverer of Eris, the most massive dwarf planet known in the Solar System.
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Charon (moon)
Charon, or (134340) Pluto I, is the largest of the five known natural satellites of the dwarf planet Pluto.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Charon (moon)
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters
Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (September 19, 1813 – July 18, 1890) was a German–American astronomer and professor at Hamilton College, New York, and a pioneer in the study and visual discovery of asteroids.
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Classical mechanics
Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.
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Clearing the neighbourhood
"Clearing the neighbourhood" (or dynamical dominance) around a celestial body's orbit describes the body becoming gravitationally dominant such that there are no other bodies of comparable size other than its natural satellites or those otherwise under its gravitational influence. Planets beyond Neptune and Clearing the neighbourhood are astronomical controversies, Pluto's planethood and solar System.
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Clyde Tombaugh
Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906 January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Clyde Tombaugh
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
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Comet
A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. Planets beyond Neptune and comet are solar System.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Comet
Comet Swift–Tuttle
Comet Swift–Tuttle (formally designated 109P/Swift–Tuttle) is a large periodic comet with a 1995 (osculating) orbital period of 133 years that is in a 1:11 orbital resonance with Jupiter.
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Complutense University of Madrid
The Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid; UCM, Universidad de Madrid, Universidad Central de Madrid; Universitas Complutensis Matritensis) is a public research university located in Madrid.
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David C. Jewitt
David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is a British-American astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies.
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David Peck Todd
David Peck Todd (March 19, 1855 — June 1, 1939) was an American astronomer.
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Detached object
Detached objects are a dynamical class of minor planets in the outer reaches of the Solar System and belong to the broader family of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Planets beyond Neptune and Detached object are solar System.
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Dwarf planet
A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to be gravitationally rounded, but insufficient to achieve orbital dominance like the eight classical planets of the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and dwarf planet are solar System.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Dwarf planet
E. Myles Standish
Erland Myles Standish Jr. (born March 5, 1939) is a mathematical astronomer largely working in the field of solar system dynamics and celestial mechanics.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. Planets beyond Neptune and Earth are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
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Ecliptic
The ecliptic or ecliptic plane is the orbital plane of Earth around the Sun.
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Ernest William Brown
Ernest William Brown FRS (29 November 1866 – 22 July 1938) was an English mathematician and astronomer, who spent the majority of his career working in the United States and became a naturalised American citizen in 1923.
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Errors and residuals
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable).
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Europa (moon)
Europa, or Jupiter II, is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 95 known moons of Jupiter. Planets beyond Neptune and Europa (moon) are solar System.
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Extreme trans-Neptunian object
An extreme trans-Neptunian object (ETNO) is a trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun well beyond Neptune (30 AU) in the outermost region of the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and extreme trans-Neptunian object are solar System and trans-Neptunian objects.
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Fictional planets of the Solar System
The fictional portrayal of the Solar System has often included planets, moons, and other celestial objects which do not actually exist. Planets beyond Neptune and fictional planets of the Solar System are planets of the Solar System.
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Flagstaff, Arizona
Flagstaff is the county seat of Coconino County, Arizona, in the southwestern United States.
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Galactic tide
A galactic tide is a tidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy such as the Milky Way.
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Galilean moons
The Galilean moons, or Galilean satellites, are the four largest moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Planets beyond Neptune and Galilean moons are solar System.
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Ganymede (moon)
Ganymede, or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive natural satellite of Jupiter and in the Solar System.
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Gas giant
A gas giant is a giant planet composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. Planets beyond Neptune and gas giant are solar System.
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George Biddell Airy
Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, as well as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1826 to 1828 and the seventh Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.
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George Forbes (scientist)
George Forbes (1849–1936) was a Scottish electrical engineer, astronomer, explorer, author and inventor, some of whose inventions are still in use.
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Gerard Kuiper
Gerard Peter Kuiper (born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper,; 7 December 1905 – 23 December 1973) was a Dutch-American astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor.
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Giant planet
A giant planet, sometimes referred to as a jovian planet (Jove being another name for the Roman god Jupiter), is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth. Planets beyond Neptune and giant planet are solar System.
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Gná and Hófvarpnir
In Norse mythology, Gná (Old Norse) is a goddess who runs errands in other worlds for the goddess Frigg and rides the flying, sea-treading horse Hófvarpnir (O.N.:, "he who throws his hoofs about",Simek (2007:157). "hoof-thrower"Lindow (2001:146). or "hoof kicker"Byock (2005:43).).
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Gotha
Gotha is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, west of Erfurt and east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000.
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Gotha Observatory
Gotha Observatory (Seeberg Observatory, Sternwarte Gotha or Seeberg-Sternwarte) was a German astronomical observatory located on Seeberg hill near Gotha, Thuringia, Germany.
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Halley's Comet
Halley's Comet is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years.
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Hamilton College
Hamilton College is a private liberal arts college in Clinton, New York.
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Hans E. Lau
Hans-Emil Lau (16 April 1879 – 16 October 1918) was a Danish astronomer.
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Harlow Shapley
Harlow Shapley (November 2, 1885 – October 20, 1972) was an American scientist, head of the Harvard College Observatory (1921–1952), and political activist during the latter New Deal and Fair Deal.
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Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy.
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Heinrich Louis d'Arrest
Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (13 August 1822 – 14 June 1875) was a German astronomer, born in Berlin.
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Heliosphere
The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere, and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Heliosphere
IAU definition of planet
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined in August 2006 that, in the Solar System, a planet is a celestial body that. Planets beyond Neptune and IAU definition of planet are Pluto's planethood and solar System.
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Icarus (journal)
ICARUS is a scientific journal dedicated to the field of planetary science.
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Infrared cirrus
Infrared cirrus or galactic cirrus are galactic filamentary structures seen in space over most of the sky that emit far-infrared light.
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International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union (IAU; Union astronomique internationale, UAI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation.
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Io (moon)
Io, or Jupiter I, is the innermost and second-smallest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. Planets beyond Neptune and io (moon) are solar System.
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IRAS
The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (Dutch: Infrarood Astronomische Satelliet) (IRAS) was the first space telescope to perform a survey of the entire night sky at infrared wavelengths.
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Jacques Babinet
Jacques Babinet (5 March 1794 – 21 October 1872) was a French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who is best known for his contributions to optics.
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James Ferguson (American astronomer)
James Ferguson (August 31, 1797 – September 26, 1867) was a Scottish-born American astronomer and engineer, who made the first discovery of an asteroid from North America (31 Euphrosyne).
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James W. Christy
James Walter "Jim" Christy (born September 15, 1938) is an American astronomer known for discovering Charon, the largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto.
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States.
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris
Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris (abbreviated JPL DE(number), or simply DE(number)) designates one of a series of mathematical models of the Solar System produced at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, for use in spacecraft navigation and astronomy.
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Johann Gottfried Galle
Johann Gottfried Galle (9 June 1812 – 10 July 1910) was a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who, on 23 September 1846, with the assistance of student Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, was the first person to view the planet Neptune and know what he was looking at.
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Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and Jupiter are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Jupiter
Kobe University
, also known in the Kansai region as, is a public research university located in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.
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Konstantin Batygin
Konstantin Batygin (Константи́н Юрьевич Батыгин) is an American astronomer and Professor of Planetary Sciences at Caltech.
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Kozai mechanism
In celestial mechanics, the Kozai mechanism is a dynamical phenomenon affecting the orbit of a binary system perturbed by a distant third body under certain conditions.
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Kuiper belt
The Kuiper belt is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units (AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Kuiper belt are solar System.
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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Livermore, California, United States.
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List of hypothetical Solar System objects
A hypothetical Solar System object is a planet, natural satellite, subsatellite or similar body in the Solar System whose existence is not known, but has been inferred from observational scientific evidence. Planets beyond Neptune and List of hypothetical Solar System objects are hypothetical bodies of the Solar System, hypothetical planets and solar System.
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Lowell Observatory
Lowell Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States.
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Madrid
Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.
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Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Mars are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
See Planets beyond Neptune and Mars
Martian canals
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was erroneously believed that there were "canals" on the planet Mars.
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Münster
Münster (Mönster) is an independent city (Kreisfreie Stadt) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Mercury (planet)
Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and Mercury (planet) are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
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Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).
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Michael E. Brown
Michael E. Brown (born June 5, 1965) is an American astronomer, who has been professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) since 2003. Planets beyond Neptune and Michael E. Brown are Pluto's planethood.
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Minor Planet Center
The Minor Planet Center (MPC) is the official body for observing and reporting on minor planets under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (IAU).
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in astronomy, astrophysics and related fields.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
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Neptune
Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Neptune are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
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New Horizons
New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program.
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New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.
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New York (state)
New York, also called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern United States.
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Newsweek
Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.
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Oort cloud
The Oort cloud, sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is theorized to be a vast cloud of icy planetesimals surrounding the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU (0.03 to 3.2 light-years). Planets beyond Neptune and Oort cloud are hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects and solar System.
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Orbit
In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.
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Orbital eccentricity
In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.
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Orbital inclination
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body.
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Orbital node
An orbital node is either of the two points where an orbit intersects a plane of reference to which it is inclined.
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Palomar Observatory
Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States.
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Pan-STARRS
The Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS1; obs. code: F51 and Pan-STARRS2 obs. code: F52) located at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, US, consists of astronomical cameras, telescopes and a computing facility that is surveying the sky for moving or variable objects on a continual basis, and also producing accurate astrometry and photometry of already-detected objects.
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Percival Lowell
Percival Lowell (March 13, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was an American businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer who fueled speculation that there were canals on Mars, and furthered theories of a ninth planet within the Solar System.
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Perturbation (astronomy)
In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body.
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Peter Andreas Hansen
Peter Andreas Hansen (born 8 December 1795, Tønder, Schleswig, Denmark; died 28 March 1874, Gotha, Thuringia, Germany) was a Danish-born German astronomer.
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Philip Herbert Cowell
Philip Herbert Cowell FRS (1870 – 1949) was a British astronomer.
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Pierre-Simon Laplace
Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy.
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Pioneer 10
Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter.
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Pioneer 11
Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself. Planets beyond Neptune and planet are solar System.
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Planet Nine
Planet Nine is a hypothetical ninth planet in the outer region of the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and planet Nine are hypothetical planets, hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects and solar System.
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Planetary system
A planetary system is a set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system.
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Planets beyond Neptune
Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. Planets beyond Neptune and planets beyond Neptune are astronomical controversies, early scientific cosmologies, hypothetical bodies of the Solar System, hypothetical planets, hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects, planets of the Solar System, Pluto's planethood, solar System, solar System dynamic theories and trans-Neptunian objects.
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Plutino
In astronomy, the plutinos are a dynamical group of trans-Neptunian objects that orbit in 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Neptune. Planets beyond Neptune and plutino are solar System.
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Pluto
Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Planets beyond Neptune and Pluto are solar System.
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Precovery
In astronomy, precovery (short for pre-discovery recovery) is the process of finding the image of an object in images or photographic plates predating its discovery, typically for the purpose of calculating a more accurate orbit.
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Renu Malhotra
Renu Malhotra (born 1961) is an American planetary scientist from India, known for using the orbital resonance between Pluto and Neptune to infer large-scale orbital migration of the giant planets and to predict the existence of Plutinos in resonance with Neptune.
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Retrograde and prograde motion
Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is, the central object (right figure).
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Robert Sutton Harrington
Robert Sutton Harrington (October 21, 1942 – January 23, 1993) was an American astronomer who worked at the United States Naval Observatory (USNO).
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Rogue planet
A rogue planet, also termed a free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.
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Roman numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
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Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Planets beyond Neptune and Saturn are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
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Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
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Scott S. Sheppard
Scott Sander Sheppard (born 1977) is an American astronomer and a discoverer of numerous moons, comets and minor planets in the outer Solar System.
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Sedna (dwarf planet)
Sedna (minor-planet designation: 90377 Sedna) is a dwarf planet in the outermost reaches of the Solar System, orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. Planets beyond Neptune and Sedna (dwarf planet) are solar System.
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Semi-major and semi-minor axes
In geometry, the major axis of an ellipse is its longest diameter: a line segment that runs through the center and both foci, with ends at the two most widely separated points of the perimeter.
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Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
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Space.com
Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.
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Super-Earth
A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively.
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Tests of general relativity
Tests of general relativity serve to establish observational evidence for the theory of general relativity.
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The Astronomical Journal
The Astronomical Journal (often abbreviated AJ in scientific papers and references) is a peer-reviewed monthly scientific journal owned by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) and currently published by IOP Publishing.
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The Astrophysical Journal
The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.
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The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.
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Thomas Jefferson Jackson See
Thomas Jefferson Jackson (T. J. J.) See (February 19, 1866 – July 4, 1962) was an American astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven.
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Thomas John Hussey
Thomas John Hussey (4 April 1792 – c. 1866) was an English clergyman and astronomer.
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Time-lapse photography
Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence.
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Trans-Neptunian object
A trans-Neptunian object (TNO), also written transneptunian object, is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune, which has an orbital semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units (au). Planets beyond Neptune and trans-Neptunian object are solar System and trans-Neptunian objects.
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Triton (moon)
Triton is the largest natural satellite of the planet Neptune.
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True anomaly
In celestial mechanics, true anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along a Keplerian orbit.
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Tyche (hypothetical planet)
Tyche was a hypothetical gas giant located in the Solar System's Oort cloud, first proposed in 1999 by astrophysicists John Matese, Patrick Whitman and Daniel Whitmire of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Planets beyond Neptune and Tyche (hypothetical planet) are astronomical controversies, hypothetical bodies of the Solar System, hypothetical planets, hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects, solar System and solar System dynamic theories.
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United States Naval Observatory
The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is a scientific and military facility that produces geopositioning, navigation and timekeeping data for the United States Navy and the United States Department of Defense.
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University of Hawaiʻi
The University of Hawaiʻi System (University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public college and university system.
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University of Louisiana at Lafayette
The University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette, University of Louisiana, ULL, or UL) is a public research university in Lafayette, Louisiana.
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Uranus
Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Uranus are planets of the Solar System and solar System.
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Urbain Le Verrier
Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (11 March 1811 – 23 September 1877) was a French astronomer and mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics.
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Variable star
A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes with time.
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Vera C. Rubin Observatory
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, formerly known as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), is an astronomical observatory currently under construction in Chile.
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Vesto M. Slipher
Vesto Melvin Slipher (November 11, 1875 – November 8, 1969) was an American astronomer who performed the first measurements of radial velocities for galaxies.
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Vishnu
Vishnu, also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.
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Volatile (astrogeology)
Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized.
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Voyager 1
Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and the interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere.
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Voyager 2
Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program.
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Walter Baade
Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade (March 24, 1893 – June 25, 1960) was a German astronomer who worked in the United States from 1931 to 1959.
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Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE, observatory code C51, Explorer 92 and MIDEX-6) is a NASA infrared astronomy space telescope in the Explorers Program launched in December 2009.
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William Henry Pickering
William Henry Pickering (February 15, 1858 – January 16, 1938) was an American astronomer.
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YouTube
YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.
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Zodiac
The zodiac is a belt-shaped region of the sky that extends approximately 8° north and south (as measured in celestial latitude) of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year. Planets beyond Neptune and zodiac are early scientific cosmologies.
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15760 Albion
15760 Albion (provisional designation) was the first trans-Neptunian object to be discovered after Pluto and Charon.
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177P/Barnard
Comet 177P/Barnard, also known as Barnard 2, is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 122 years.
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See also
Astronomical controversies
- Alpha Centauri Bb
- And yet it moves
- Apollo 8 Genesis reading
- Berserker hypothesis
- Clearing the neighbourhood
- Controversy over the discovery of Haumea
- Dark forest hypothesis
- Definition of planet
- Discovery of Neptune
- Diseases from Space
- Drake equation
- Extraterrestrial life
- Félix I
- Galileo affair
- Hart–Tipler conjecture
- Journal of Cosmology
- Letter to Benedetto Castelli
- Letters on Sunspots
- Life on Mars
- Malligyong-1
- Neocatastrophism
- Non-standard cosmology
- Opposition to the Mauna Kea Observatories
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Thirty Meter Telescope protests
- Tyche (hypothetical planet)
- Unsolved problems in astronomy
Early scientific cosmologies
- Ancient Greek astronomy
- Ancient astronomers
- Celestial spheres
- Concentric spheres
- Counter-Earth
- Dynamics of the celestial spheres
- Empyrean
- Fifth planet (hypothetical)
- Flat Earth
- Galactocentrism
- Geocentric model
- Heliocentrism
- Itinerarium exstaticum
- Musica universalis
- Myth of Er
- On the Heavens
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Planets in astrology
- Primum Mobile
- Pythagorean astronomical system
- Somnium Scipionis
- Sphere of fire
- Spherical Earth
- Tychonic system
- Wenwanggua
- Yajnavalkya 95 Years Cycle
- Ylem
- Zodiac
Hypothetical bodies of the Solar System
- Chiron (hypothetical moon)
- Chrysalis (hypothetical moon)
- Claimed moons of Earth
- Counter-Earth
- Fifth planet (hypothetical)
- Five-planet Nice model
- Hypothetical moon of Mercury
- List of hypothetical Solar System objects
- Neith (hypothetical moon)
- Nemesis (hypothetical star)
- Phaeton (hypothetical planet)
- Planet V
- Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Synestia
- Theia (planet)
- Themis (hypothetical moon)
- Tyche (hypothetical planet)
- Vulcan (hypothetical planet)
- Vulcanoid
Hypothetical planets
- Effects of Planet Nine on trans-Neptunian objects
- Fifth planet (hypothetical)
- Five-planet Nice model
- List of hypothetical Solar System objects
- Phaeton (hypothetical planet)
- Planet Nine
- Planet V
- Planets beyond Neptune
- T Chamaeleontis
- Theia (planet)
- Twin Earth thought experiment
- Tyche (hypothetical planet)
- Vulcan (hypothetical planet)
Hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects
- Effects of Planet Nine on trans-Neptunian objects
- Hills cloud
- Nemesis (hypothetical star)
- Oort cloud
- Planet Nine
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Tyche (hypothetical planet)
Planets of the Solar System
- Classical planet
- Definition of planet
- Earth
- Fictional planets of the Solar System
- Inferior and superior planets
- Jupiter
- Mars
- Mercury (planet)
- Neptune
- Outer planets
- Planetary mnemonic
- Planetary nomenclature
- Planetary rings
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Venus
Pluto's planethood
- Alan Stern
- Clearing the neighbourhood
- Eris (dwarf planet)
- How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming
- IAU definition of planet
- Michael E. Brown
- Planetary mnemonic
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Ricky Ricotta's Mighty Robot
- Something Ricked This Way Comes
- The Pluto Files
Solar System dynamic theories
- Accretion (astrophysics)
- Calcium–aluminium-rich inclusion
- Copernican Revolution
- E-belt asteroids
- Five-planet Nice model
- Formation and evolution of the Solar System
- Giant-impact hypothesis
- Grand tack hypothesis
- History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses
- Impact events
- Inclination instability
- Jumping-Jupiter scenario
- Late Heavy Bombardment
- Nemesis (hypothetical star)
- Nice 2 model
- Nice model
- Pebble accretion
- Planet V
- Planetary migration
- Planetesimal
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Q-PACE
- Streaming instability
- Tyche (hypothetical planet)
- Vulcan (hypothetical planet)
Trans-Neptunian objects
- (127546) 2002 XU93
- (20161) 1996 TR66
- (278361) 2007 JJ43
- (310071) 2010 KR59
- (315530) 2008 AP129
- (336756) 2010 NV1
- (40314) 1999 KR16
- (418993) 2009 MS9
- (44594) 1999 OX3
- (468861) 2013 LU28
- (471325) 2011 KT19
- (495603) 2015 AM281
- (501546) 2014 JJ80
- (501581) 2014 OB394
- (523643) 2010 TY53
- (523645) 2010 VK201
- (523719) 2014 LM28
- (532037) 2013 FY27
- (574372) 2010 JO179
- (65407) 2002 RP120
- (668643) 2012 DR30
- (709487) 2013 BL76
- (78799) 2002 XW93
- 1996 PW
- 2002 RN109
- 2005 VX3
- 2006 LM1
- 2007 BP102
- 2010 BK118
- 2010 WG9
- 2013 AZ60
- 2013 SL102
- 2014 SV349
- 2017 MB7
- 47171 Lempo
- Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects
- Extreme trans-Neptunian object
- Extreme trans-Neptunian objects
- Haumea
- Kuiper belt objects
- List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun
- List of trans-Neptunian objects
- List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects
- Planets beyond Neptune
- Trans-Neptunian object
References
Also known as 10th Planet, 11th planet, Discovery of Pluto, Eleventh Planet, Halo of oligarch planets, Hypothetical trans-Neptunian planet, Hypothetical trans-Neptunian planets, Ninth planet, Oligarch halo, Oligarch planet, Oligarch planets, Planet 10, Planet 10 (Hypothetical planet), Planet Eleven, Planet O, Planet Ten, Planet X, Planet X (planet), Planet beyond Neptune, Planets beyond Pluto, Pluto discovery, Sol IX, Sol X, Sol-9, Super-Pluton, Tenth Planet, The 9th planet, The ninth planet, Thelisto (hypothetical planet), Trans neptunian planets, Trans-Neptunian planet, Trans-Neptunian planets, Transpluto, U (TNO), U (trans-Neptunian object), V P Ketakar, V. B. Ketakar, V. P. Ketakar, VP Ketakar, Venkatesh Ketakar, Venkatesh P. Ketakar, X (planet).