Communication

1047 relations: A Brief History of Time, A Briefer History of Time (Hawking and Mlodinow book), A Different Universe, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, A Universe from Nothing, A. Baha Balantekin, A. Carl Helmholz, A. Catrina Coleman, A. K. Jonscher, A. P. Balachandran, A15 phases, Aage Bohr, Aaldert Wapstra, Aaron Klug, Aaron Lemonick, Abbe prism, Abbe sine condition, Abdel-Moniem El-Ganayni, Abdul Qadeer Khan, Abdul Rasul (Iraqi scientist), Abdullah Sadiq, Abdus Salam, Abell 520, Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory, Aberration of light, Abhas Mitra, Abhay Ashtekar, ABINIT, Ablation, Abner Shimony, About Time (book), Above-threshold ionization, Abraham Alikhanov, Abraham Bennet, Abraham Esau, Abraham H. Taub, Abraham Katzir, Abraham Pais, Abraham Zelmanov, Abraham–Lorentz force, Abraham–Minkowski controversy, Abram Ioffe, Abrikosov vortex, Absolute angular momentum, Absolute dating, Absolute horizon, Absolute hot, Absolute magnitude, Absolute rotation, ..., Absolute space and time, Absolute theory, Absolute threshold of hearing, Absolute zero, Absorbed dose, Absorber, Absorption (acoustics), Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Absorption band, Absorption cross section, Absorption edge, Absorption refrigerator, Absorption spectroscopy, Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Abundance of the chemical elements, Academic genealogy of theoretical physicists, Accelerating expansion of the universe, Acceleration, Acceleration voltage, Accelerator mass spectrometry, Accelerator physics, Accelerator Test Facility (Japan), Accelerator Test Facility (New York), Accelerometer, Acceleron, Acceptor (semiconductors), Accidental symmetry, Accordion effect, Accretion (astrophysics), Accretion disk, Acentric factor, Achim Richter, Acicular ferrite, Acoplanarity, Acoustic approximation, Acoustic attenuation, Acoustic cleaning, Acoustic contrast factor, Acoustic dispersion, Acoustic Doppler current profiler, Acoustic Doppler velocimetry, Acoustic droplet ejection, Acoustic emission, Acoustic holography, Acoustic impedance, Acoustic interferometer, Acoustic levitation, Acoustic location, Acoustic lubrication, Acoustic metamaterial, Acoustic metric, Acoustic microscopy, Acoustic mirror, Acoustic network, Acoustic ohm, Acoustic paramagnetic resonance, Acoustic quieting, Acoustic radiation force, Acoustic radiation pressure, Acoustic resonance, Acoustic rheometer, Acoustic signature, Acoustic streaming, Acoustic suspension, Acoustic theory, Acoustic wave equation, Acoustical engineering, Acoustical measurements and instrumentation, Acoustical oceanography, Acoustical Society of America, Acoustics, Acousto-optic deflector, Acousto-optics, ACS Nano, Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, Acta Biomaterialia, Acta Crystallographica, Acta Materialia, Acta Physica Polonica, Actinides in the environment, Actinism, Actinometer, Action (physics), Action at a distance, Action-angle coordinates, Activation product, Active and passive transformation, Active cavity radiometer, Active galactic nucleus, Active laser medium, Ad Lagendijk, ADA collider, Adam Dziewonski, Adam Falk, Adam Riess, Adaptive compliant wing, Adaptive feedback cancellation, Adaptive optics, Added mass, Additive white Gaussian noise, Adelbert Ames Jr., Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant, ADHM construction, Adi Bulsara, Adiabatic conductivity, Adiabatic flame temperature, Adiabatic invariant, Adiabatic process, Adiabatic shear band, Adiabatic theorem, Adinkra symbols (physics), ADITYA (tokamak), Adjustable Ranging Telescope, Adlène Hicheur, ADM formalism, Admittance, Adolf Bestelmeyer, Adolf Busemann, Adolf Eugen Fick, Adolf Kratzer, Adolfo Bartoli, ADONE, Adriaan Fokker, Adrian Bejan, Adrian Berry, 4th Viscount Camrose, Adriano de Paiva, Adrien-Marie Legendre, AdS black hole, AdS/CFT correspondence, AdS/QCD correspondence, Advanced boiling water reactor, Advanced composite materials (engineering), Advanced Composite Materials (journal), Advanced Light Source, Advanced Photon Source, Advanced Simulation Library, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter, Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, Advances in Physics, Advances in Space Research, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Advection, Adverse pressure gradient, Adverse yaw, Ady Stern, Aeolipile, Aeroacoustic analogy, Aeroacoustics, Aerobraking, Aerocapture, Aerodynamic center, Aerodynamic force, Aerodynamic heating, Aerodynamic levitation, Aerodynamic potential-flow code, Aerodynamics, Aeroelasticity, Aerogel, Aerographite, Aerogravity assist, Aeromechanics, Aeronautics, Aeroprediction, Aerosol, Aerosol impaction, Aerostatics, Aether (classical element), Aether drag hypothesis, Aether theories, Affleck–Dine mechanism, Afshar experiment, Age of the Earth, Age of the universe, Aggregated diamond nanorod, Agitator (device), Agnes Pockels, Agrophysics, Aharon Katzir, Aharonov–Bohm effect, Ahmet Yıldız, Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost, AIDA (computing), Aileron, AILU, Aimé Argand, Aimé Cotton, AIP Conference Proceedings, Air (classical element), Air conditioning, Air flow bench, Air knife, Air separation, Air shower (physics), Air track, Air-mixing plenum, Airborne wind turbine, Aircraft dynamic modes, Aircraft flight mechanics, Aircraft noise, Airfoil, Airlift pump, Airy beam, Airy disk, Airy wave theory, Ajoy Ghatak, Akeno Giant Air Shower Array, Akitsune Imamura, AKLT model, Akoustolith, Al-Khazini, Alain Aspect, Alain Haché, Alan Astbury, Alan Boss, Alan Brewer, Alan Cook, Alan Cottrell, Alan Guth, Alan J. Heeger, Alan Kostelecky, Alan Lightman, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Alan M. Portis, Alan Nunn May, Alan Sokal, Alan Tower Waterman, Alan Walsh (physicist), Alastair G. W. Cameron, ALBA (synchrotron), Albedo, Albert A. Michelson, Albert Allen Bartlett, Albert Baez, Albert Beaumont Wood, Albert Betz, Albert Bouwers, Albert C. Geyser, Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Award, Albert Einstein in popular culture, Albert Einstein Medal, Albert Einstein Science Park, Albert Einstein World Award of Science, Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel, Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian, Albert Fert, Albert G. Hill, Albert Messiah, Albert Overhauser, Albert Polman, Albert Potter Wills, Albert Rose (physicist), Albert Rowe (physicist), Albert Sauveur, Albert Tarantola, Albert Victor Bäcklund, Albert von Ettingshausen, Albert-László Barabási, Albrecht Fölsing, Albrecht Unsöld, Alcator C-Mod, Alcubierre drive, Aldert van der Ziel, Alec Merrison, ALEGRA, Alejandro Corichi, Aleksandar Despić, Aleksander Akhiezer, Aleksander Jabłoński, Aleksander Zawadzki (naturalist), Aleksandr Andronov, Aleksandr Chudakov, Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Gurevich, Aleksandr Leipunskii, Aleksandr Potupa, Aleksandr Stoletov, Aleksei Pogorelov, Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov, Alenush Terian, ALEPH experiment, Alessandra Buonanno, Alessandro Vaciago, Alessandro Vespignani, Alessandro Volta, Alex Grossmann, Alex Smith (engineer), Alex Stokes, Alex Zettl, Alex Zunger, Alexander Akimov, Alexander Alexeyevich Makarov, Alexander Anderson (physicist), Alexander Animalu, Alexander Balankin, Alexander Baldin, Alexander Behm, Alexander Belavin, Alexander Boksenberg, Alexander Dalgarno, Alexander Dallas Bache, Alexander Davydov, Alexander Eugen Conrady, Alexander Fetter, Alexander Friedmann, Alexander Graham Bell, Alexander Hollaender, Alexander Hollaender Award in Biophysics, Alexander I. Poltorak, Alexander Just, Alexander Kuzemsky, Alexander Macfarlane, Alexander Markovich Polyakov, Alexander McAulay, Alexander Meissner, Alexander Nikuradse, Alexander Patashinski, Alexander Prokhorov, Alexander R. Hamilton, Alexander Rich, Alexander Shikov, Alexander Shlyakhter, Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Alexander van Oudenaarden, Alexander Vilenkin, Alexander William Bickerton, Alexander Zamolodchikov, Alexander's band, Alexandre Chorin, Alexandru Marin, Alexandru Proca, Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov, Alexei Zamolodchikov, Alexey Andreevich Anselm, Alexey Kavokin, Alexis Clairaut, Alexis Thérèse Petit, Alexis-Marie de Rochon, Alf Adams, Alfons Bühl, Alfred Barnard Basset, Alfred Bucherer, Alfred Hübler, Alfred Kastler, Alfred Kleiner, Alfred Landé, Alfred Lauck Parson, Alfred M. Mayer, Alfred O. C. Nier, Alfred Perot, Alfred Robb, Alfred Saupe, Alfred Schild, Alfred Wegener, Alfred Wilm, Alfred-Marie Liénard, Alfvén wave, Algebra of physical space, Algebraic holography, Algodoo, Ali Javan, Ali Moustafa Mosharafa, ALICE (accelerator), ALICE experiment, Alice Leigh-Smith, Alkali-metal thermal to electric converter, All gas-phase iodine laser, All-silica fiber, Allais effect, Allan Blaer, Allan Boardman, Allan Carswell, Allan Mackintosh, Allan McLeod Cormack, Allan V. Cox, Allen Shenstone, Allyn Vine, Allyne L. Merrill, Aloyzas Sakalas, Alpha & Omega (book), Alpha decay, Alpha factor, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, Alpha particle, Alpha process, Alpha-particle spectroscopy, Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron, Alternatives to general relativity, Alternatives to the Standard Higgs Model, Aluminium gallium phosphide, Alv Egeland, Alvin Andreas Herborg Nielsen, Alvin C. Graves, Alvin M. Weinberg, Alvin Radkowsky, Alwyn Van der Merwe, Amagat, Amagat's law, Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri, Amasa Stone Bishop, AMBER, Ambient noise level, Ambient pressure, Ambipolar diffusion, Amer Iqbal, American Association of Physicists in Medicine, American Association of Physics Teachers, American Astronomical Society, American Astronomical Society 215th meeting, American Geophysical Union, American Institute of Physics, American Journal of Physics, American Physical Society, American Prometheus, American Vacuum Society, Ames Laboratory, Ames trapezoid, Amikam Aharoni, Amir Caldeira, Ammonium diuranate, Ammonium uranyl carbonate, AMOLF, Amorphous ice, Amorphous metal, Amorphous solid, Amory Lovins, Amos de-Shalit, Amos Ori, Amott test, Amount of substance, Ampère's circuital law, Ampère's force law, Ampere, Ampere-turn, Amphidromic point, Amplified spontaneous emission, Amplitude, Amplitude damping channel, Amrom Harry Katz, Amsterdam Density Functional, An Album of Fluid Motion, An Elementary Treatise on Electricity, An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism, An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything, An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction, Ana María Cetto, Anales de Física, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, Analog models of gravity, Analysis of flows, Analytical dynamics, Analytical mechanics, Anastigmat, Anatol Roshko, Anatol Zhabotinsky, Anatole Abragam, Anatole Boris Volkov, Anatoli Blagonravov, Anatoly Alexandrov (physicist), Anatoly Dyatlov, Anatoly Larkin, Anatoly Vlasov, Anaxagoras, Anaximander, Anders Boserup, Anders Flodström, Anders Johan Lexell, Anders Jonas Ångström, Anders Karlsson (physicist), Anders Knutsson Ångström, Anderson impurity model, Anderson localization, Anderson orthogonality theorem, Anderson's rule, André Blondel, André Guinier, André Lichnerowicz, André Maréchal, André Neveu, André Pochan, André-Marie Ampère, Andre Geim, Andrea Alù, Andrea M. Ghez, Andrea Naccari, Andrea Prosperetti, Andreas Acrivos, Andreas Albrecht (cosmologist), Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos, Andreas Jaszlinszky, Andreas Mershin, Andreas von Ettingshausen, Andreas Winter, Andreev reflection, Andrei Doroshkevich, Andrei Linde, Andrei Sakharov, Andrej Čadež, Andrew E. Lange, Andrew Gordon (Benedictine), Andrew Gray (physicist), Andrew Huxley, Andrew J. Feustel, Andrew Keller, Andrew Lang (physicist), Andrew Lyne, Andrew R. Liddle, Andrew Steane, Andrew Strominger, Andrew Turberfield, Andrey Kolmogorov, Andreyev Acoustics Institute, Andrija Mohorovičić, Andrius Baltuška, Andromeda–Milky Way collision, Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski, Andrzej Sołtan, Andrzej Trautman, Anechoic chamber, Aneesur Rahman, Anemometer, Aneutronic fusion, Angelo Battelli, Angioletta Coradini, Angle of attack, Angle of climb, Angle of incidence (optics), Angle of repose, Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Angstrom exponent, Angular acceleration, Angular diameter distance, Angular displacement, Angular frequency, Angular momentum, Angular momentum coupling, Angular momentum of light, Angular momentum operator, Angular spectrum method, Angular velocity, Anharmonicity, Anil Bhardwaj, Animal echolocation, Anirudh Singh, Anisothermal plasma, Anisotropy, Anita Goel, Ann Nelson, Anna Maria Nobili, Annalen der Physik, Annales de chimie et de physique, Annales Henri Poincaré, Annals of Physics, Annihilation, ANNNI model, Annular dark-field imaging, Annular fin, Annular velocity, Annus mirabilis, Annus Mirabilis papers, Anode ray, Anomalon, Anomalous diffraction theory, Anomalous diffusion, Anomalous electric dipole moment, Anomalous magnetic dipole moment, Anomalous photovoltaic effect, Anomalous X-ray pulsar, Anomaly (physics), Anomaly matching condition, Anosov diffeomorphism, Ansar Pervaiz, Ansatz, Anselmus de Boodt, Antarctic Impulse Transient Antenna, Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, ANTARES (telescope), Antenna array, Antenna noise temperature, Anthelion, Anthony E. Siegman, Anthony French, Anthony Ichiro Sanda, Anthony J. DeMaria, Anthony James Leggett, Anthony Kelly (academic), Anthony M. Johnson, Anthony Zee, Anthropic principle, Anti-de Sitter space, Anti-gravity, Anti-phase domain, Anti-reflective coating, Anti-scatter grid, Anti-scratch coating, Anti-shock body, Anti-vibration compound, Antibubble, Anticrepuscular rays, Antidynamo theorem, Antiferroelectricity, Antiferromagnetism, Antihydrogen, Antimatter, Antimatter comet, Antimatter rocket, Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation, Antimatter weapon, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, Antimo Palano, Antineutron, Antiparticle, Antiproton, Antiproton Decelerator, Antiprotonic helium, Antiquarian science books, Antistatic agent, Antistatic device, Antoine César Becquerel, Antoine de Chézy, Anton Ambschel, Anton Kapustin, Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita, Anton Oberbeck, Anton Peterlin (physicist), Anton Zeilinger, Antonia Terzi, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Antonino Zichichi, Antonio Ferri, Antonio Pacinotti, Antonio Signorini, Antonius van den Broek, Antony Garrett Lisi, Antony Hewish, Antony Jameson, Antony Valentini, Antun Karlo Bakotić, Anwar Ali (physicist), Anyon, Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, Aperture, APEXC, Apollo M. O. Smith, Apoorva D. Patel, Apparent horizon, Apparent magnitude, Apparent viscosity, Apparent weight, Appell's equation of motion, Applications of the Stirling engine, Applied mechanics, Applied Optics, Applied physics, Applied Physics A, Applied Physics B, Applied Physics Express, Applied Physics Letters, Applied spectroscopy, Applied Spectroscopy (journal), Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, Apse line, Apsidal precession, Apsis, Arago spot, Arbitrary unit, Arc suppression, ARC-ECRIS, Archeops, Archer's paradox, Archibald Hill, Archibald Howie, Archibald Low, Archie G. Worthing, Archimedean point, Archimedes, Archimedes number, Archimedes' principle, Architectural acoustics, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, Archytas, Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver, Arctowski Medal, Ardeshir Hosseinpour, ArDM, Area density, Area rule, Areal velocity, Arend Joan Rutgers, Areostationary orbit, Areosynchronous orbit, Argo (oceanography), Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System, Argument of periapsis, ARGUS (experiment), ARGUS distribution, Argus laser, Arie Andries Kruithof, Arie Bodek, Aristotelian physics, Aristotle, Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Arkady Migdal, Arlie Petters, Armand de Waele, Armature (electrical engineering), Arne Bjerhammar, Arno Allan Penzias, Arnold diffusion, Arnold Eucken, Arnold Flammersfeld, Arnold Kosevich, Arnold Kramish, Arnold Sommerfeld, Arrayed waveguide grating, Arrow of time, ARROW waveguide, Arseny Sokolov, Artem Alikhanian, Arthur Ashkin, Arthur B. C. Walker Jr., Arthur B. McDonald, Arthur C. Hardy, Arthur Compton, Arthur Covington, Arthur Eddington, Arthur Edward Ruark, Arthur Erich Haas, Arthur F. Turner, Arthur Geoffrey Walker, Arthur Gordon Webster, Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Arthur Iberall, Arthur Jaffe, Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, Arthur König, Arthur Korn, Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Arthur Louis Day, Arthur Maitland, Arthur Morin, Arthur Nowick, Arthur R. von Hippel, Arthur Roberts (physicist), Arthur Rucker, Arthur S. Lodge, Arthur Schuster, Arthur Scott King, Arthur Stanley Mackenzie, Arthur Stewart Eve, Arthur von Oettingen, Arthur W. Barton, Arthur Wehnelt, Arthur Wightman, Arthur Williams Wright, Arthur Zajonc, Artificial dielectrics, Artificial disintegration, Artificial gravity, Artificial photosynthesis, Artificial wave, Artur Ekert, Arun K. Pati, Arvind Rajaraman, ArXiv, Aryeh Kaplan, ASA Gold Medal, ASA Silver Medal, Asad Naqvi, Asım Orhan Barut, Asbestiform, Ascher H. Shapiro, ASDEX Upgrade, Asher A. Friesem, Asher Peres, Ashesh Prosad Mitra, Ashok Das, Ashoke Sen, Ashtekar variables, Asian African Association for Plasma Training, Askaryan radiation, Askaryan Radio Array, Aspect ratio (aeronautics), Aspera European Astroparticle network, Asperity (materials science), Aspheric lens, Aspirator (pump), Associated Legendre polynomials, Association of Los Alamos Scientists, Asterix IV laser, Asteroseismology, Astigmatism (optical systems), ASTM Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation Thermometry, ASTRA (reactor), ASTRID, Astro Space Center (Russia), Astrochemistry, Astron (fusion reactor), Astronautics, Astronomia nova, Astronomical seeing, Astronomical spectroscopy, Astronomical system of units, Astronomy, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomy & Geophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Astronomy Letters, Astronomy Reports, Astroparticle physics, Astroparticle Physics (journal), Astrophysical plasma, Astrophysical X-ray source, Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Space Science, Astrophysics Data System, Asymmetry of lift, Asymptotic freedom, Asymptotic homogenization, Asymptotically flat spacetime, Ataç İmamoğlu, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Athene Donald, Atkinson friction factor, Atkinson resistance, ATLAS experiment, Atmosphere, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmosphere of Titan, Atmosphere of Uranus, Atmospheric diffraction, Atmospheric duct, Atmospheric dynamo, Atmospheric entry, Atmospheric methane, Atmospheric physics, Atmospheric pressure, Atmospheric pressure discharge, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, Atmospheric refraction, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric sounding, Atmospheric thermodynamics, Atmospheric wave, Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, Atom, Atom (Asimov book), Atom laser, Atom optics, Atom probe, Atom vibrations, Atomic and molecular astrophysics, Atomic battery, Atomic beam, Atomic clock, Atomic coherence, Atomic diffusion, Atomic electron transition, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Atomic force microscopy, Atomic form factor, Atomic fountain, Atomic line filter, Atomic mirror, Atomic nucleus, Atomic number, Atomic orbital, Atomic packing factor, Atomic physics, Atomic ratio, Atomic spacing, Atomic theory, Atomic units, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics, Atomichron, Atomics International, Atomism, Atomistix Virtual NanoLab, ATOMKI, Attenuation, Attenuation coefficient, Attenuation length, Attophysics, Atwood machine, Atwood number, Audio frequency, Audio power, Aufbau principle, Auger effect, Auger electron spectroscopy, August Beer, August Herman Pfund, August Krönig, August Kundt, August Musger, August Seebeck, August Seydler, August Toepler, August Witkowski, Auguste Bravais, Auguste Piccard, Augustin-Jean Fresnel, Augustin-Louis Cauchy, Augusto Righi, Augustus William Smith, Aureole effect, Aurora, Aurora of November 17, 1882, Auroral chorus, AUSM, Austin Model 1, Australian Atomic Energy Commission, Australian Journal of Physics, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Australian Synchrotron, Autler–Townes effect, Autocollimation, Autocollimator, Autodynamics, Automated radioxenon sampler analyzer, Automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay, Automobile drag coefficient, Autonomous system (mathematics), Autorotation, Autostereoscopy, Auxetics, Auxiliary field, Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo, Available energy (particle collision), Avalanche breakdown, Avery Gilbert, Avi Loeb, Avishai Dekel, Avogadro's law, Avrami equation, Avshalom Elitzur, Axel Scherer, Axel T. Brunger, Axial multipole moments, Axial pen force, Axial precession, Axial ratio, Axial tilt, Axial-flow pump, Axiality and rhombicity, Axicon, Axilrod–Teller potential, Axino, Axiomatic quantum field theory, Axion, Azeotrope, Azimuthal quantum number, Ángel Rodríguez Lozano, Ányos Jedlik, Ångström, Coherent perfect absorber, Cosmic age problem, Cosmic ray, Drag (physics), Edmond Becquerel, Elastography, Electron configurations of the elements (data page), Emission spectrum, Force between magnets, Galvanometer, Gas, Geomagnetic storm, Gluon, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Large Electron–Positron Collider, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, List of minor planet discoverers, Neutrino, Neutron activation analysis, Non-inertial reference frame, Nucleon, Order and disorder, Phase (waves), Photon, Plasma afterglow, Plasma cosmology, Scaling dimension, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Snell's law, Sonar, Spectroscopy, Tensor, Transfer-matrix method (optics), Tunable metamaterial, Unified atomic mass unit, VINITI Database RAS. Expand index (997 more) » « Shrink index

A Brief History of Time

A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes is a popular-science book on cosmology (the study of the universe) by British physicist Stephen Hawking.

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A Briefer History of Time (Hawking and Mlodinow book)

A Briefer History of Time is a 2005 popular-science book by the English physicist Stephen Hawking and the American physicist Leonard Mlodinow.

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A Different Universe

A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down is a 2005 physics book by Robert B. Laughlin, a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics.

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A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field

"A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" is a paper by James Clerk Maxwell on electromagnetism, published in 1865.

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A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism

A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism is a two-volume treatise on electromagnetism written by James Clerk Maxwell in 1873.

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A Universe from Nothing

A Universe from Nothing: Why There Is Something Rather than Nothing is a non-fiction book by the physicist Lawrence M. Krauss, initially published on January 10, 2012 by Free Press.

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A. Baha Balantekin

Akif Baha Balantekin is an American and Turkish physicist.

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A. Carl Helmholz

August Carl Helmholz was an American nuclear physicist known for his contributions to high energy particle physics.

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A. Catrina Coleman

Ann Catrina Coleman (Ann Catrina Bryce) is a Scottish electrical engineer and professor at the University of Texas at Dallas specialising in semiconductor lasers.

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A. K. Jonscher

Andrzej Karol Jonscher (13 July 1922 – 7 February 2005)England & Wales, Civil Registration Death Index, 1916-2007 was a Polish-British physicist at Chelsea College and then Royal Holloway, University of London.

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A. P. Balachandran

Aiyalam Parameswaran Balachandran (born 25 January 1938) is an Indian theoretical physicist well known for his extensive contributions to the role of classical topology in quantum physics.

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A15 phases

The A15 phases (also known as β-W or Cr3Si structure types) are series of intermetallic compounds with the chemical formula A3B (where A is a transition metal and B can be any element) and a specific structure.

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Aage Bohr

Aage Niels Bohr (19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".

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Aaldert Wapstra

Aaldert Hendrik Wapstra (24 April 1922, Utrecht – 2 December 2006, Naarden) was a Dutch physicist.

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Aaron Klug

Sir Aaron Klug (born 11 August 1926) is a Lithuanian-born, South African-educated, British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.

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Aaron Lemonick

Aaron Lemonick (February 2, 1923, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – June 19, 2003, in Princeton, New Jersey) was a Princeton University physics professor and administrator who served as Dean of the Graduate School from 1969 to 1973, and as Dean of the Faculty from 1973 to 1989.

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Abbe prism

In optics, an Abbe prism, named for its inventor, the German physicist Ernst Abbe, is a type of constant deviation dispersive prism similar to a Pellin–Broca prism.

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Abbe sine condition

The Abbe sine condition is a condition that must be fulfilled by a lens or other optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off-axis as well as on-axis objects.

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Abdel-Moniem El-Ganayni

Dr.

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Abdul Qadeer Khan

Abdul Qadeer Khan, NI, HI, FPAS (ڈاکٹر عبد القدیر خان; born 1935 or 1936), known as A. Q. Khan, is a Pakistani former nuclear physicist and a metallurgical engineer, who founded the uranium enrichment program for Pakistan's atomic bomb project.

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Abdul Rasul (Iraqi scientist)

Abdul Rasul was an Iraqi nuclear engineer and a nuclear scientist.

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Abdullah Sadiq

Abdullah Sadiq, PhD, ''SI'' (born 1940), is a Pakistani physicist and ICTP laureate who received the ICTP Prize in the honour of Nikolay Bogolyubov, in the fields of Mathematics and Solid State Physics in 1987 for his contributions to scientific knowledge in the field of Mathematics and Statistical physics.

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Abdus Salam

Mohammad Abdus Salam Salam adopted the forename "Mohammad" in 1974 in response to the anti-Ahmadiyya decrees in Pakistan, similarly he grew his beard.

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Abell 520

The Abell 520 galaxy cluster possesses an unusual substructure resulting from a major merger.

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Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory

The Aberdeen Tunnel Underground Laboratory is the only underground particle physics laboratory in Hong Kong.

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Aberration of light

The aberration of light (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is an astronomical phenomenon which produces an apparent motion of celestial objects about their true positions, dependent on the velocity of the observer.

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Abhas Mitra

Abhas Mitra (born 18 June 1955) is an Indian astrophysicist best known for his distinct views on several front-line astrophysics concepts, particularly related to black holes and Big Bang cosmology involving the black hole information paradox.

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Abhay Ashtekar

Abhay Vasant Ashtekar (born July 5, 1949) is an Indian theoretical physicist.

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ABINIT

ABINIT is an open-source suite of programs for materials science, distributed under the GNU General Public License.

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Ablation

Ablation is removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes.

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Abner Shimony

Abner Eliezer Shimony (March 10, 1928 – August 8, 2015) was an American physicist and philosopher.

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About Time (book)

About Time, published in 1995, is the second book written by Paul Davies, regarding the subject of time.

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Above-threshold ionization

In atomic, molecular, and optical physics, above-threshold ionization (ATI), is a multi-photon effect where an atom is ionized with more than the energetically required number of photons.

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Abraham Alikhanov

Abraham Isahakovich Alikhanov (Alikhanian, Աբրահամ Իսահակի Ալիխանյան) (February 20, 1904 – December 8, 1970) was a Soviet Armenian physicist, academic of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

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Abraham Bennet

Abraham Bennet FRS (baptised 20 December 1749 - buried 9 May 1799) was an English clergyman and physicist, the inventor of the gold-leaf electroscope and developer of an improved magnetometer.

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Abraham Esau

Robert Abraham Esau (7 June 1884 – 12 May 1955) was a German physicist.

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Abraham H. Taub

Abraham Haskel Taub (February 1, 1911 – August 9, 1999) was a distinguished American mathematician and physicist, well known for his important contributions to the early development of general relativity, as well as differential geometry and differential equations.

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Abraham Katzir

Abraham Katzir (אברהם קציר; born 1941 in Jerusalem, Israel) is a Professor of Physics at Tel Aviv University, holding the Carol and Mel Taub Chair in Applied Medical Physics.

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Abraham Pais

Abraham Pais (May 19, 1918 – July 28, 2000) was a Dutch-born American physicist and science historian.

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Abraham Zelmanov

Abraham Zelmanov (May 15, 1913 – February 2, 1987), was a prominent scientist working in the General Theory of Relativity and cosmology.

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Abraham–Lorentz force

In the physics of electromagnetism, the Abraham–Lorentz force (also Lorentz–Abraham force) is the recoil force on an accelerating charged particle caused by the particle emitting electromagnetic radiation.

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Abraham–Minkowski controversy

The Abraham–Minkowski controversy is a physics debate concerning electromagnetic momentum within dielectric media.

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Abram Ioffe

Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (p; – 14 October 1960) was a prominent Russian/Soviet physicist.

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Abrikosov vortex

In superconductivity, an Abrikosov vortex (also called a fluxon) is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor theoretically predicted by Alexei Abrikosov in 1957.

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Absolute angular momentum

In meteorology, absolute angular momentum refers to the angular momentum in an 'absolute' coordinate system (absolute time and space).

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Absolute dating

Absolute dating is the process of determining an age on a specified chronology in archaeology and geology.

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Absolute horizon

In general relativity, an absolute horizon is a boundary in spacetime, defined with respect to the external universe, inside which events cannot affect an external observer.

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Absolute hot

Absolute hot is a concept of temperature that postulates the existence of a highest attainable temperature of matter.

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Absolute magnitude

Absolute magnitude is a measure of the luminosity of a celestial object, on a logarithmic astronomical magnitude scale.

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Absolute rotation

In physics, the concept of absolute rotation—rotation independent of any external reference—is a topic of debate about relativity, cosmology, and the nature of physical laws.

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Absolute space and time

Absolute space and time is a concept in physics and philosophy about the properties of the universe.

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Absolute theory

In philosophy, absolute theory usually refers to a theory based on concepts (such as the concept of space) that exist independently of other concepts and objects.

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Absolute threshold of hearing

The absolute threshold of hearing (ATH) is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sound present.

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Absolute zero

Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as 0.

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Absorbed dose

Absorbed dose is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation.

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Absorber

In high energy physics experiments, an absorber is a block of material used to absorb some of the energy of an incident particle.

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Absorption (acoustics)

Acoustic absorption refers to the process by which a material, structure, or object takes in sound energy when sound waves are encountered, as opposed to reflecting the energy.

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Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way in which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom.

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Absorption band

According to quantum mechanics, atoms and molecules can only hold certain defined quantities of energy, or exist in specific states.

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Absorption cross section

Absorption cross section is a measure for the probability of an absorption process.

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Absorption edge

An absorption edge, absorption discontinuity or absorption limit is a sharp discontinuity in the absorption spectrum of a substance.

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Absorption refrigerator

An absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that uses a heat source (e.g., solar energy, a fossil-fueled flame, waste heat from factories, or district heating systems) to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling process.

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Absorption spectroscopy

Absorption spectroscopy refers to spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation, as a function of frequency or wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample.

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Abu'l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī

Abu'l-Barakāt Hibat Allah ibn Malkā al-Baghdādī (أبو البركات هبة الله بن ملكا البغدادي; c. 1080 – 1164 or 1165 CE) was an Islamic philosopher and physician of Jewish descent from Baghdad, Iraq.

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Abundance of the chemical elements

The abundance of the chemical elements is a measure of the occurrence of the chemical elements relative to all other elements in a given environment.

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Academic genealogy of theoretical physicists

The following is an academic genealogy of theoretical physicists and is constructed by following the pedigree of thesis advisors.

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Accelerating expansion of the universe

The accelerating expansion of the universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate, so that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time.

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Acceleration

In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

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Acceleration voltage

In accelerator physics, the term acceleration voltage means the effective voltage surpassed by a charged particle along a defined straight line.

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Accelerator mass spectrometry

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a form of mass spectrometry that accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis.

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Accelerator physics

Accelerator physics is a branch of applied physics, concerned with designing, building and operating particle accelerators.

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Accelerator Test Facility (Japan)

The Accelerator Test Facility (KEK-ATF) is a test accelerator in the KEK laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan.

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Accelerator Test Facility (New York)

The Accelerator Test Facility (BNL-ATF) is a user facility within Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA.

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Accelerometer

An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration.

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Acceleron

Accelerons are hypothetical subatomic particles postulated to relate the mass of the neutrino to the dark energy conjectured to be responsible for the accelerating expansion of the universe.

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Acceptor (semiconductors)

In semiconductor physics, an acceptor is a dopant atom that when added to a semiconductor can form a p-type region.

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Accidental symmetry

In physics, particularly in renormalization theory, an accidental symmetry is a symmetry which is present in a renormalizable theory only because the terms which break it have too high a dimension to appear in the Lagrangian.

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Accordion effect

In physics, the accordion effect occurs when fluctuations in the motion of a travelling body causes disruptions in the flow of elements following it.

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Accretion (astrophysics)

In astrophysics, accretion is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, in an accretion disk.

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Accretion disk

An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffused material in orbital motion around a massive central body.

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Acentric factor

The acentric factor \omega is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955, proven to be very useful in the description of matter.

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Achim Richter

Achim Richter (born September 21, 1940, in Dresden) is a German nuclear physicist.

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Acicular ferrite

Acicular ferrite is a microstructure of ferrite in steel that is characterised by needle-shaped crystallites or grains when viewed in two dimensions.

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Acoplanarity

In particle physics, the acoplanarity of a scattering experiment measures the degree to which the paths of the scattered particles deviate from being coplanar.

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Acoustic approximation

A fundamental principle in the field of acoustics, the acoustic approximation states that an acoustic wave is created by a small, adiabatic, pressure ripple riding on a comparatively large equilibrium (bias) pressure.

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Acoustic attenuation

Acoustic attenuation is a measure of the energy loss of sound propagation in media.

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Acoustic cleaning

Acoustic cleaning is a maintenance method used in material-handling and storage systems that handle bulk granular or particulate materials, such as grain elevators, to remove the buildup of material on surfaces.

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Acoustic contrast factor

The acoustic contrast factor is a number used to describe the relationship between the densities and the sound velocities (or, equivalently because of the form of the expression, the densities and compressibilities) of two media.

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Acoustic dispersion

Acoustic dispersion is the phenomenon of a sound wave separating into its component frequencies as it passes through a material.

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Acoustic Doppler current profiler

An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is a hydroacoustic current meter similar to a sonar, used to measure water current velocities over a depth range using the Doppler effect of sound waves scattered back from particles within the water column.

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Acoustic Doppler velocimetry

Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) is designed to record instantaneous velocity components at a single-point with a relatively high frequency.

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Acoustic droplet ejection

Acoustic droplet ejection (ADE) uses a pulse of ultrasound to move low volumes of fluids (typically nanoliters or picoliters) without any physical contact.

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Acoustic emission

Acoustic emission (AE) is the phenomenon of radiation of acoustic (elastic) waves in solids that occurs when a material undergoes irreversible changes in its internal structure, for example as a result of crack formation or plastic deformation due to aging, temperature gradients or external mechanical forces.

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Acoustic holography

Acoustic holography is a method for estimating the sound field near a source by measuring acoustic parameters away from the source by means of an array of pressure and/or particle velocity transducers.

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Acoustic impedance

Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting of an acoustic pressure applied to the system.

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Acoustic interferometer

An acoustic interferometer is an instrument, using interferometry, for measuring the physical characteristics of sound waves in a gas or liquid.

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Acoustic levitation

Acoustic levitation (also: Acoustophoresis) is a method for suspending matter in a medium by using acoustic radiation pressure from intense sound waves in the medium.

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Acoustic location

Acoustic location is the use of sound to determine the distance and direction of its source or reflector.

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Acoustic lubrication

Acoustic or sonic lubrication occurs when sound (measurable in a vacuum by placing a microphone on one element of the sliding system) permits vibration to introduce separation between the sliding faces.

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Acoustic metamaterial

An acoustic metamaterial is a material designed to control, direct, and manipulate sound waves as these might occur in gases, liquids, and solids.

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Acoustic metric

In mathematical physics, a metric describes the arrangement of relative distances within a surface or volume, usually measured by signals passing through the region – essentially describing the intrinsic geometry of the region.

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Acoustic microscopy

Acoustic microscopy is microscopy that employs very high or ultra high frequency ultrasound.

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Acoustic mirror

An acoustic mirror is a passive device used to reflect and focus (concentrate) sound waves.

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Acoustic network

An acoustic network is a method of positioning equipment using sound waves.

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Acoustic ohm

The acoustic ohm is a unit of measurement of acoustic impedance, which is the ratio of acoustic pressure to acoustic volume flow.

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Acoustic paramagnetic resonance

Acoustic paramagnetic resonance (APR) is a phenomenon of resonant absorption of sound by a system of magnetic particles placed in an external magnetic field.

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Acoustic quieting

Acoustic quieting is the process of making machinery quieter by damping vibrations to prevent them from reaching the observer.

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Acoustic radiation force

Acoustic radiation force is a physical phenomenon resulting from the interaction of an acoustic wave with an obstacle placed along its path.

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Acoustic radiation pressure

Acoustic radiation pressure is the apparent pressure difference between the average pressure at a surface moving with the displacement of the wave propagation (the Lagrangian pressure) and the pressure that would have existed in the fluid of the same mean density when at rest.

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Acoustic resonance

Acoustic resonance is a phenomenon where acoustic systems amplify sound waves whose frequency matches one of its own natural frequencies of vibration (its resonance frequencies).

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Acoustic rheometer

An acoustic rheometer employs a piezo-electric crystal that can easily launch a successive wave of extensions and contractions into the fluid.

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Acoustic signature

Acoustic signature is used to describe a combination of acoustic emissions of sound emitters, such as those of ships and submarines.

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Acoustic streaming

Acoustic streaming is a steady flow in a fluid driven by the absorption of high amplitude acoustic oscillations.

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Acoustic suspension

Acoustic suspension (air suspension or sealed box) is a type of loudspeaker speaker enclosure design which uses one or more loudspeaker drivers mounted in a sealed box or cabinet.

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Acoustic theory

Acoustic theory is a scientific field that relates to the description of sound waves.

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Acoustic wave equation

In physics, the acoustic wave equation governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium.

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Acoustical engineering

Acoustical engineering (also known as acoustic engineering) is the branch of engineering dealing with sound and vibration.

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Acoustical measurements and instrumentation

Analysis of sound and acoustics plays a role in such engineering tasks as product design, production test, machine performance, and process control.

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Acoustical oceanography

Acoustical oceanography is the use of underwater sound to study the sea, its boundaries and its contents.

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Acoustical Society of America

The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an international scientific society dedicated to generating, disseminating and promoting the knowledge of acoustics and its practical applications.

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Acoustics

Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.

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Acousto-optic deflector

An acousto-optic deflector (AOD) spatially controls the optical beam.

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Acousto-optics

Acousto-optics is a branch of physics that studies the interactions between sound waves and light waves, especially the diffraction of laser light by ultrasound (or sound in general) through an ultrasonic grating.

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ACS Nano

ACS Nano is a monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal, first published in August 2007 by the American Chemical Society.

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica (ABBS) is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal, which publishes original research articles, short communications, and reviews in the fields of biochemistry and biophysics.

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Acta Biomaterialia

Acta Biomaterialia is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.

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Acta Crystallographica

Acta Crystallographica is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals, with articles centred on crystallography, published by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr).

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Acta Materialia

Acta Materialia is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published twenty times per year by Elsevier on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc.

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Acta Physica Polonica

Acta Physica Polonica is an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in physics.

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Actinides in the environment

Actinides in the environment refer to the sources, environmental behaviour and effects of actinides in Earth's environment.

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Actinism

Actinism is the property of solar radiation that leads to the production of photochemical and photobiological effects.

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Actinometer

Actinometers are instruments used to measure the heating power of radiation.

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Action (physics)

In physics, action is an attribute of the dynamics of a physical system from which the equations of motion of the system can be derived.

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Action at a distance

In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object can be moved, changed, or otherwise affected without being physically touched (as in mechanical contact) by another object.

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Action-angle coordinates

In classical mechanics, action-angle coordinates are a set of canonical coordinates useful in solving many integrable systems.

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Activation product

Activation products are materials made radioactive by neutron activation.

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Active and passive transformation

In physics and engineering, an active transformation, or alibi transformation, is a transformation which actually changes the physical position of a point, or rigid body, which can be defined even in the absence of a coordinate system; whereas a passive transformation, or alias transformation, is merely a change in the coordinate system in which the object is described (change of coordinate map, or change of basis).

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Active cavity radiometer

Active cavity radiometer - electrically self-calibrating, cavity pyrheliometer used to measure total and spectral solar irradiance.

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Active galactic nucleus

An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that has a much higher than normal luminosity over at least some portion—and possibly all—of the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that the excess luminosity is not produced by stars.

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Active laser medium

The active laser medium (also called gain medium or lasing medium) is the source of optical gain within a laser.

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Ad Lagendijk

Ad Lagendijk (born 18 November 1947 in Zwanenburg) is a Dutch physicist working at the FOM-institute AMOLF in Amsterdam and at the University of Amsterdam.

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ADA collider

ADA (short for Anello Di Accumulazione) was the first Italian particle accelerator and the first-ever electron–positron particle collider measuring around 4 feet in diameter which was designed to store beams of 250 MeV.

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Adam Dziewonski

Adam Marian Dziewoński (November 15, 1936 – March 1, 2016) was a Polish-American geophysicist who made seminal contributions to the determination of the large-scale structure of the Earth's interior and the nature of earthquakes using seismological methods.

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Adam Falk

Adam Falk served as the 17th President of Williams College, Massachusetts, USA, and Professor of Physics.

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Adam Riess

Adam Guy Riess (born December 16, 1969) is an American astrophysicist and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute and is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes.

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Adaptive compliant wing

An adaptive compliant wing is a wing which is flexible so that aspects of its shape can be changed in flight.

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Adaptive feedback cancellation

Adaptive feedback cancellation is a common method of cancelling audio feedback in a variety of electro-acoustic systems such as digital hearing aids.

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Adaptive optics

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effect of incoming wavefront distortions by deforming a mirror in order to compensate for the distortion.

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Added mass

In fluid mechanics, added mass or virtual mass is the inertia added to a system because an accelerating or decelerating body must move (or deflect) some volume of surrounding fluid as it moves through it.

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Additive white Gaussian noise

Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in Information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature.

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Adelbert Ames Jr.

Adelbert Ames Jr. (August 19, 1880 – July 3, 1955) was an American scientist who made contributions to physics, physiology, ophthalmology, psychology, and philosophy.

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Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant

Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant (23 August 1797, Villiers-en-Bière, Seine-et-Marne – 6 January 1886, Saint-Ouen, Loir-et-Cher) was a mechanician and mathematician who contributed to early stress analysis and also developed the unsteady open channel flow shallow water equations, also known as the Saint-Venant equations that are a fundamental set of equations used in modern hydraulic engineering.

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ADHM construction

In mathematical physics, the ADHM construction or monad construction is the construction of all instantons using methods of linear algebra by Michael Atiyah, Vladimir Drinfeld, Nigel Hitchin, Yuri I. Manin in their paper "Construction of Instantons.".

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Adi Bulsara

Ardeshir "Adi" Ratan Bulsara (born May 15, 1951Adi Ratan Bulsara, Entropy, Stability and Fluctuations in Lasing Systems, PhD Thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 1978) is a scientist in the area nonlinear dynamics.

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Adiabatic conductivity

Adiabatic conductivity is a measure of a material's electrical conductivity, σ, under thermodynamically adiabatic conditions.

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Adiabatic flame temperature

In the study of combustion, there are two types of adiabatic flame temperature depending on how the process is completed, constant volume and constant pressure, describing the temperature that the combustion products theoretically reach if no energy is lost to the outside environment.

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Adiabatic invariant

A property of a physical system, such as the entropy of a gas, that stays approximately constant when changes occur slowly is called an adiabatic invariant.

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Adiabatic process

In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings.

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Adiabatic shear band

Adiabatic shear band is a term used in physics, mechanics and engineering.

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Adiabatic theorem

The adiabatic theorem is a concept in quantum mechanics.

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Adinkra symbols (physics)

In supergravity and supersymmetric representation theory, Adinkra symbols are a graphical representation of supersymmetric algebras.

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ADITYA (tokamak)

ADITYA is a medium size tokamak installed at the Institute for Plasma Research in India.

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Adjustable Ranging Telescope

Developed and patented by James M. Leatherwood, the Adjustable Ranging Telescope (ART) system combines a rangefinding scale inside the telescopic sight (scope) with an adjustable cam built into the scope's mount that raises or lowers the rear of the sight to compensate for the trajectory of the bullet.

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Adlène Hicheur

Adlène Hicheur (born 4 December 1976) is a particle physicist with dual Algerian and French citizenship.

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ADM formalism

The ADM formalism (named for its authors Richard Arnowitt, Stanley Deser and Charles W. Misner) is a Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity that plays an important role in canonical quantum gravity and numerical relativity.

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Admittance

In electrical engineering, admittance is a measure of how easily a circuit or device will allow a current to flow.

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Adolf Bestelmeyer

Adolf (Christoph Wilhelm) Bestelmeyer (21 December 1875 – 21 November 1957) was a German experimental physicist.

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Adolf Busemann

Adolf Busemann (20 April 1901 – 3 November 1986) was a German aerospace engineer and influential Nazi-era pioneer in aerodynamics, specialising in supersonic airflows.

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Adolf Eugen Fick

Adolf Eugen Fick (3 September 1829 – 21 August 1901) was a German-born physician and physiologist.

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Adolf Kratzer

B.

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Adolfo Bartoli

Adolfo Bartoli (19 March 1851 – 18 July 1896) was an Italian physicist, who is best known for introducing the concept of radiation pressure from thermodynamical considerations.

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ADONE

ADONE (big ADA) was the first high-energy (1.5 GeV) particle collider.

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Adriaan Fokker

Adriaan Daniël Fokker (17 August 1887 – 24 September 1972) was a Dutch physicist and musician.

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Adrian Bejan

Adrian Bejan is an American professor who has made contributions to modern thermodynamics and developed what he calls the constructal law.

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Adrian Berry, 4th Viscount Camrose

Adrian Michael Berry, 4th Viscount Camrose (15 June 1937 – 18 April 2016) was a British hereditary peer, journalist, and writer.

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Adriano de Paiva

Adriano de Paiva (1847–1907) was a Portuguese scientist who was one of the pioneers of telectroscope.

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Adrien-Marie Legendre

Adrien-Marie Legendre (18 September 1752 – 10 January 1833) was a French mathematician.

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AdS black hole

In theoretical physics, an anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole is a black hole solution of general relativity or its extensions which represents an isolated massive object, but with a negative cosmological constant.

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AdS/CFT correspondence

In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality, is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories.

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AdS/QCD correspondence

In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/quantum chromodynamics correspondence is a program to describe quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in terms of a dual gravitational theory, following the principles of the AdS/CFT correspondence in a setup where the quantum field theory is not a conformal field theory.

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Advanced boiling water reactor

The advanced boiling water reactor (ABWR) is a Generation III boiling water reactor.

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Advanced composite materials (engineering)

Advanced composite materials (ACMs) are also known as advanced polymer matrix composites.

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Advanced Composite Materials (journal)

Advanced Composite Materials is a bimonthly peer-review scientific journal that was established in 1991.

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Advanced Light Source

The Advanced Light Source (ALS) is a research facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California.

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Advanced Photon Source

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (in Argonne, Illinois, USA) is a national synchrotron-radiation light source research facility funded by the United States Department of Energy Office of Science.

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Advanced Simulation Library

Advanced Simulation Library (ASL) is free and open-source hardware-accelerated multiphysics simulation platform.

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Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) is a Japanese sensor which is one of five remote sensory devices on board the Terra satellite launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999.

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Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter

The Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) is a balloon-borne instrument flying in the stratosphere over Antarctica to measure the energy and composition of cosmic rays.

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Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras

Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research papers and also notes, expository and survey articles, book reviews, reproduces abstracts and also reports on conferences and workshops in the area of Clifford algebras and their applications to other branches of mathematics and physics, and in certain cognate areas.

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Advances in Physics

Advances in Physics is a bimonthly scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis that was established in 1952.

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Advances in Space Research

Advances in Space Research (ASR) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published 27 times per year by Elsevier.

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Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ATMP) is a peer-reviewed, mathematics journal, published by International Press.

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Advection

In the field of physics, engineering, and earth sciences, advection is the transport of a substance by bulk motion.

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Adverse pressure gradient

In fluid dynamics, an adverse pressure gradient occurs when the static pressure increases in the direction of the flow.

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Adverse yaw

Adverse yaw is the natural and undesirable tendency for an aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction of a roll.

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Ady Stern

Ady Stern is an Israeli physicist.

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Aeolipile

An aeolipile (or aeolipyle, or eolipile), also known as a Hero's engine, is a simple bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated.

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Aeroacoustic analogy

Acoustic analogies are applied mostly in numerical aeroacoustics to reduce aeroacoustic sound sources to simple emitter types.

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Aeroacoustics

Aeroacoustics is a branch of acoustics that studies noise generation via either turbulent fluid motion or aerodynamic forces interacting with surfaces.

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Aerobraking

Aerobraking is a spaceflight maneuver that reduces the high point of an elliptical orbit (apoapsis) by flying the vehicle through the atmosphere at the low point of the orbit (periapsis).

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Aerocapture

Aerocapture is an orbital transfer maneuver used to reduce the velocity of a spacecraft from a hyperbolic trajectory to an elliptical orbit around the targeted celestial body.

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Aerodynamic center

The torques or moments acting on an airfoil moving through a fluid can be accounted for by the net lift and net drag applied at some point on the airfoil, and a separate net pitching moment about that point whose magnitude varies with the choice of where the lift is chosen to be applied.

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Aerodynamic force

The aerodynamic force is the force exerted on a body by the air (or some other gas) in which the body is immersed, and is due to the relative motion between the body and the gas.

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Aerodynamic heating

Aerodynamic heating is the heating of a solid body produced by its high-speed passage through air (or by the passage of air past a test object in a wind tunnel), whereby its kinetic energy is converted to heat by skin friction on the surface of the object at a rate that depends on the viscosity and speed of the air.

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Aerodynamic levitation

Aerodynamic levitation is the use of gas pressure to levitate materials so that they are no longer in physical contact with any container.

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Aerodynamic potential-flow code

In fluid dynamics, aerodynamic potential flow codes or panel codes are used to determine the fluid velocity, and subsequently the pressure distribution, on an object.

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Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics, from Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing.

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Aeroelasticity

Aeroelasticity is the branch of physics and engineering that studies the interactions between the inertial, elastic, and aerodynamic forces that occur when an elastic body is exposed to a fluid flow.

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Aerogel

Aerogel is a synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas.

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Aerographite

Aerographite is a synthetic foam consisting of a porous interconnected network of tubular carbon.

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Aerogravity assist

An aerogravity assist, or AGA, is a theoretical spacecraft maneuver designed to change velocity when arriving at a body with an atmosphere.

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Aeromechanics

Aeromechanics is the science about mechanics that deals with the motion of air and other gases, involving aerodynamics, thermophysics and aerostatics.

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Aeronautics

Aeronautics (from the ancient Greek words ὰήρ āēr, which means "air", and ναυτική nautikē which means "navigation", i.e. "navigation into the air") is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere.

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Aeroprediction

The Aeroprediction Code is a semi-empirical computer program that estimates the aerodynamics of weapons over the Mach number range 0 to 20, angle of attack range 0 to 90 degrees and for configurations that have various cross sectional body shapes.

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Aerosol

An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.

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Aerosol impaction

Aerosol Impaction is the process in which particles are removed from an air stream by forcing the gases to make a sharp bend.

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Aerostatics

A subfield of fluid statics, aerostatics is the study of gases that are not in motion with respect to the coordinate system in which they are considered.

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Aether (classical element)

According to ancient and medieval science, aether (αἰθήρ aithēr), also spelled æther or ether and also called quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe above the terrestrial sphere.

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Aether drag hypothesis

In the 19th century, the theory of the luminiferous aether as the hypothetical medium for the propagation of light was widely discussed.

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Aether theories

Aether theories (also known as ether theories) in physics propose the existence of a medium, the aether (also spelled ether, from the Greek word (αἰθήρ), meaning "upper air" or "pure, fresh air"" ", American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.), a space-filling substance or field, thought to be necessary as a transmission medium for the propagation of electromagnetic or gravitational forces.

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Affleck–Dine mechanism

The Affleck–Dine mechanism (AD mechanism) is a postulated mechanism for explaining baryogenesis during the primordial Universe immediately following the Big Bang.

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Afshar experiment

The Afshar experiment is an optics experiment, devised and carried out by Shahriar Afshar at Harvard University in 2004, which is a variation of the double slit experiment in quantum mechanics.

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Age of the Earth

The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years This age may represent the age of the Earth’s accretion, of core formation, or of the material from which the Earth formed.

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Age of the universe

In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.

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Aggregated diamond nanorod

Aggregated diamond nanorods, or ADNRs, are a nanocrystalline form of diamond, also known as nanodiamond or hyperdiamond.

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Agitator (device)

An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion by shaking or stirring.

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Agnes Pockels

Agnes Luise Wilhelmine Pockels (February 14, 1862 – November 21, 1935), was a German pioneer in chemistry.

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Agrophysics

Agrophysics is a branch of science bordering on agronomy and physics, whose objects of study are the agroecosystem - the biological objects, biotope and biocoenosis affected by human activity, studied and described using the methods of physical sciences.

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Aharon Katzir

Aharon Katzir (Aharon Katzir-Katchalsky) (September 15, 1914 – May 30, 1972) was an Israeli pioneer in the study of the electrochemistry of biopolymers.

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Aharonov–Bohm effect

The Aharonov–Bohm effect, sometimes called the Ehrenberg–Siday–Aharonov–Bohm effect, is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic potential (V, A), despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field B and electric field E are zero.

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Ahmet Yıldız

Ahmet Yıldız (born 1979 in Sakarya, Turkey) is an American Turkish academic.

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Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost

In general relativity, the Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost is an exact solution which models the spacetime of an observer moving towards or away from a spherically symmetric gravitating object at nearly the speed of light.

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AIDA (computing)

Abstract Interfaces for Data Analysis (AIDA) is a set of defined interfaces and formats for representing common data analysis objects.

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Aileron

An aileron (French for "little wing" or "fin") is a hinged flight control surface usually forming part of the trailing edge of each wing of a fixed-wing aircraft.

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AILU

The Association of Industrial Laser Users (AILU) was established in 1995 as an independent, non-profit organisation run by and for laser users involved in activities including manufacturing, healthcare, academic and industrial research; as well as suppliers of laser-related products and services.

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Aimé Argand

François Pierre Ami Argand (5 July 1750 – 14 October 1803) was a Genevan physicist and chemist.

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Aimé Cotton

Aimé Auguste Cotton (9 October 1869 – 16 April 1951) was a French physicist known for his studies of the interaction of light with chiral molecules.

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AIP Conference Proceedings

AIP Conference Proceedings is a serial published by the American Institute of Physics since 1970.

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Air (classical element)

Air is one of the four classical elements in ancient Greek philosophy and in Western alchemy.

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Air conditioning

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A/C, or air con) is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants.

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Air flow bench

An air flow bench is a device used for testing the internal aerodynamic qualities of an engine component and is related to the more familiar wind tunnel.

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Air knife

An air knife is a tool used to blow off liquid or debris from products as they travel on conveyors.

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Air separation

An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases.

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Air shower (physics)

An air shower is an extensive (many kilometres wide) cascade of ionized particles and electromagnetic radiation produced in the atmosphere when a primary cosmic ray (i.e. one of extraterrestrial origin) enters the atmosphere.

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Air track

An air track is a scientific device used to study motion in low friction environment.

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Air-mixing plenum

In building services engineering and HVAC, an air-mixing plenum (or mixing box) is used for mixing air from different ductwork systems.

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Airborne wind turbine

An airborne wind turbine is a design concept for a wind turbine with a rotor supported in the air without a tower, thus benefiting from more mechanical and aerodynamic options, the higher velocity and persistence of wind at high altitudes, while avoiding the expense of tower construction, or the need for slip rings or yaw mechanism.

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Aircraft dynamic modes

The dynamic stability of an aircraft refers to how the aircraft behaves after it has been disturbed following steady non-oscillating flight.

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Aircraft flight mechanics

Flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft.

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Aircraft noise

Aircraft noise is noise pollution produced by aircraft during the various phases of a flight.

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Airfoil

An airfoil (American English) or aerofoil (British English) is the shape of a wing, blade (of a propeller, rotor, or turbine), or sail (as seen in cross-section).

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Airlift pump

An airlift pump is a pump that has low suction and moderate discharge of liquid and entrained solids.

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Airy beam

An Airy beam is a non-diffracting waveform which gives the appearance of curving as it travels.

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Airy disk

In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light.

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Airy wave theory

In fluid dynamics, Airy wave theory (often referred to as linear wave theory) gives a linearised description of the propagation of gravity waves on the surface of a homogeneous fluid layer.

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Ajoy Ghatak

Ajoy Ghatak is an Indian physicist and author of physics textbooks.

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Akeno Giant Air Shower Array

The Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA) is a very large surface array designed to study the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

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Akitsune Imamura

was a Japanese seismologist.

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AKLT model

The AKLT model is an extension of the one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg spin model.

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Akoustolith

Akoustolith is a porous ceramic material resembling stone.

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Al-Khazini

Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (flourished 1115–1130) was an astronomer of Byzantine origin from Seljuk Persia.

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Alain Aspect

Alain Aspect (born 15 June 1947) is a French physicist noted for his experimental work on quantum entanglement.

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Alain Haché

Alain Haché (born 14 December 1970, in Tracadie, New Brunswick) is an experimental physicist, a professor at the University of Moncton, Canada.

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Alan Astbury

Alan Astbury FRS (1934–2014) was a Canadian physicist, professor emeritus at University of Victoria, and was director of the Tri-Universities Meson Facility (TRIUMF) laboratory.

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Alan Boss

Alan P. Boss (born 20 July 1951, in Lakewood, Ohio) is a United States astrophysicist and planetary scientist.

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Alan Brewer

Alan West Brewer (1915 – 21 November 2007) was a Canadian-English physicist and climatologist.

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Alan Cook

Sir Alan Hugh Cook FRS (2 December 1922 – 23 July 2004) was a British physicist who specialised in geophysics, astrophysics and particularly precision measurement.

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Alan Cottrell

Sir Alan Howard Cottrell, FRS (17 July 1919 – 15 February 2012) was an English metallurgist and physicist, former Chief Scientific Advisor to the UK Government and vice-chancellor of Cambridge University 1977–1979.

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Alan Guth

Alan Harvey Guth (born February 27, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist.

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Alan J. Heeger

Alan Jay Heeger (born January 22, 1936) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.

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Alan Kostelecky

V.

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Alan Lightman

Alan Paige Lightman is an American physicist, writer, and social entrepreneur.

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Alan Lloyd Hodgkin

Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (5 February 1914 – 20 December 1998) was an English physiologist and biophysicist, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.

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Alan M. Portis

Alan M. Portis (July 17, 1926 – September 6, 2010, Physics Today, March 4, 2011. American Institute of Physics.) was an American solid-state physicist.

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Alan Nunn May

Alan Nunn May (2 May 1911 – 12 January 2003) was a British physicist, and a confessed and convicted Soviet spy, who supplied secrets of British and United States atomic research to the Soviet Union during World War II.

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Alan Sokal

Alan David Sokal (born January 24, 1955) is a professor of mathematics at University College London and professor of physics at New York University.

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Alan Tower Waterman

Alan Tower Waterman (June 4, 1892 – November 30, 1967) was an American physicist.

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Alan Walsh (physicist)

Sir Alan Walsh FAA FRS (19 December 1916 – 3 August 1998) was a British/Australian physicist, originator and developer of a method of chemical analysis called atomic absorption spectroscopy.

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Alastair G. W. Cameron

Alastair G. W. (Graham Walter) Cameron (21 June 1925 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada – 3 October 2005 in Tucson, Arizona, USA) was a Canadian astrophysicist and space scientist who was an eminent staff member of the Astronomy department of Harvard University.

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ALBA (synchrotron)

ALBA (meaning "Sunrise" in Catalan and in Spanish) is a 3rd generation synchrotron radiation facility located in the Barcelona Synchrotron Park in Cerdanyola del Vallès near Barcelona, in Catalonia (Spain).

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Albedo

Albedo (albedo, meaning "whiteness") is the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received by an astronomical body (e.g. a planet like Earth).

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Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS HFRSE (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

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Albert Allen Bartlett

Albert Allen Bartlett (March 21, 1923 – September 7, 2013) was an emeritus professor of physics at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA.

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Albert Baez

Albert Vinicio Báez (November 15, 1912 – March 20, 2007) was a prominent Mexican-American physicist, and the father of singers Joan Baez and Mimi Fariña.

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Albert Beaumont Wood

Albert Beaumont Wood DSc (1890 – 19 July 1964), better known as A B Wood, was a British physicist, known for his pioneering work in the field of underwater acoustics and sonar.

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Albert Betz

Albert Betz (25 December 1885 – 16 April 1968) was a German physicist and a pioneer of wind turbine technology.

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Albert Bouwers

Albert A. Bouwers (1893–1972) was a Dutch optical engineer.

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Albert C. Geyser

Albert C. Geyser is known for creating the Cornell Tube in 1905, named after the college with which he was associated.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

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Albert Einstein Award

The Albert Einstein Award (sometimes mistakenly called the Albert Einstein Medal because it was accompanied with a gold medal) was an award in theoretical physics that was established to recognize high achievement in the natural sciences.

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Albert Einstein in popular culture

Albert Einstein has been the subject of, or inspiration for, many works of popular culture.

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Albert Einstein Medal

The Albert Einstein Medal is an award presented by the Albert Einstein Society in Bern.

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Albert Einstein Science Park

The Albert Einstein Science Park is located on the hill Telegrafenberg in Potsdam, Germany.

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Albert Einstein World Award of Science

The Albert Einstein World Award for Science is an annual award given by the World Cultural Council "as a means of recognition and encouragement for scientific and technological research and development", with special consideration for researches which "have brought true benefit and well being to mankind".

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Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel

Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel is a book by Banesh Hoffmann with the collaboration of Helen Dukas.

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Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian

Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian is a stage play that is the only show officially endorsed by the Einstein family.

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Albert Fert

Albert Fert (born 7 March 1938) is a French physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disks.

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Albert G. Hill

Professor Albert G. Hill, a physicist, was a key leader in the development of radar in World War II, director of the MIT Lincoln Laboratory development of the electronic Distant Early Warning and SAGE continental air defense systems, and first chairman of The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory.

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Albert Messiah

Albert Messiah (23 September 1921, Nice – 17 April 2013, Paris) was a French physicist.

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Albert Overhauser

Albert W. Overhauser (August 17, 1925 – December 10, 2011) was an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

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Albert Polman

Albert Polman (born 21 April 1961, Groningen) is a Dutch physicist and former director of the AMOLF research laboratory in Amsterdam.

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Albert Potter Wills

Albert Potter Wills (1873–1937) was an American physicist who researched magnetic materials and was the PhD advisor of the Nobel Prize winner Isidor Isaac Rabi.

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Albert Rose (physicist)

Albert Rose (30 March 1910 – 26 July 1990) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to TV video camera tubes such as the orthicon, image orthicon, and vidicon.

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Albert Rowe (physicist)

Albert Percival Rowe, CBE (23 March 1898 – 25 May 1976), often known as Jimmy Rowe or A. P. Rowe, was a radar pioneer and university vice-chancellor.

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Albert Sauveur

Albert Sauveur (21 June 1863 – 26 January 1939) was an American Metallurgist, originally from Belgium.

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Albert Tarantola

Albert Tarantola was a Spanish-born physicist (Barcelona, June 15, 1949 – December 6, 2009), of the University of Paris (Institut de Physique du Globe), and author of the book probabilistic formulation of inverse problems (Tarantola, 1987, 2005).

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Albert Victor Bäcklund

Albert Victor Bäcklund (January 11, 1845 – February 23, 1922) was a Swedish mathematician and physicist.

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Albert von Ettingshausen

Albert von Ettingshausen (30 March 1850 – 9 June 1932) was an Austrian physicist.

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Albert-László Barabási

Albert-László Barabási (born March 30, 1967) is a Romanian-born Hungarian-American physicist, best known for his work in the research of network theory.

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Albrecht Fölsing

Albrecht Fölsing (born 1940) is a trained physicist turned into a scientific journalist.

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Albrecht Unsöld

Albrecht Otto Johannes Unsöld (20 April 1905 – 23 September 1995) was a German astrophysicist known for his contributions to spectroscopic analysis of stellar atmospheres.

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Alcator C-Mod

Alcator C-Mod was a tokamak (a type of magnetically confined fusion device) that operated between 1991 and 2016 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC).

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Alcubierre drive

The Alcubierre drive or Alcubierre warp drive (or Alcubierre metric, referring to metric tensor) is a speculative idea based on a solution of Einstein's field equations in general relativity as proposed by Mexican theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre, by which a spacecraft could achieve apparent faster-than-light travel if a configurable energy-density field lower than that of vacuum (that is, negative mass) could be created.

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Aldert van der Ziel

Aldert van der Ziel, as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering for contributions to the study of noise in electron devices and contributions to graduate education.

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Alec Merrison

Sir Alexander Walter Merrison FRS, was a British physicist born in Wood Green, London on 20 March 1924.

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ALEGRA

The Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian General Research Applications (ALEGRA) code is a next-generation large-deformation shock physics code created by researchers at Sandia National Laboratory.

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Alejandro Corichi

Alejandro Corichi is a theoretical physicist working at the Quantum Gravity group of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

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Aleksandar Despić

Aleksandar Despić (January 6, 1927–April 7, 2005) was a Serbian physicist.

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Aleksander Akhiezer

Aleksander Ilyich Akhiezer (Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Ахие́зер; October 31, 1911 – May 4, 2000) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, known for contributions to numerous branches of theoretical physics, including quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics, solid state physics, quantum field theory, and the theory of plasma.

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Aleksander Jabłoński

Professor Aleksander Jabłoński (born 26 February 1898 in Woskresenówka, in Imperial Russia, died 9 September 1980 in Skierniewice, Poland) was a Polish physicist and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.

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Aleksander Zawadzki (naturalist)

Aleksander Zawadzki, born Józef Antoni Zawadzki, (6 May 1798 in Bielsko, Cieszyn Silesia – 5 June 1868 in Brno) was a Polish naturalist, author of flora and fauna lists of the Galicia region and the neighbourhood of Lviv (Lwów).

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Aleksandr Andronov

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Андро́нов;, Moscow – October 31, 1952, Gorky) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946).

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Aleksandr Chudakov

Aleksandr Evgenievich Chudakov (16 June 1921 – 25 January 2001, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian physicist in the field of cosmic-ray physics, known for Chudakov Effect, the effect of decreasing ionization losses for narrow electron-positron pairs and for experimentally confirming existence of the transition radiation.

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Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Алекса́ндров, alternative transliterations: Alexandr or Alexander (first name), and Alexandrov (last name)) (August 4, 1912 – July 27, 1999), was a Soviet/Russian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and mountaineer.

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Aleksandr Gurevich

Aleksandr Viktorovich Gurevich (Александр Викторович Гуревич) (b. September 19, 1930) is a Soviet and Russian physicist.

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Aleksandr Leipunskii

Aleksandr Il'ich Leipunskii (December 7, 1903 – August 14, 1972) was a Polish-born Jewish physicist.

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Aleksandr Potupa

Alexander Sergeevich Potupa (Аляксандр Сяргеевіч Патупа; Александр Серге́евич Потупа; March 21, 1945 – June 1, 2009) was a Belarusian philosopher, writer, scientist and human rights activist.

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Aleksandr Stoletov

Alexander Grigorievich Stoletov (Алекса́ндр Григо́рьевич Столе́тов; 10 August 1839 – 27 May 1896) was a Russian physicist, founder of electrical engineering, and professor in Moscow University.

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Aleksei Pogorelov

Aleksei Vasil'evich Pogorelov (Алексе́й Васи́льевич Погоре́лов, Олексі́й Васи́льович Погорє́лов; March 2, 1919 – December 17, 2002), was a Soviet mathematician.

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Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov

Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov (Алексе́й Зино́вьевич Петро́в; 28 October (15 October, Old Style) 1910, Koshki, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire – 9 May 1972, Kiev, Soviet Union) was a mathematician noted for his work on the classification of Einstein spaces, today called Petrov classification.

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Alenush Terian

Ālenush Teriān (Ալենուշ Տէրեան; آلنوش طریان; also: آلنوش تریان; November 9, 1920 – March 4, 2011), was an Iranian-Armenian astronomer and physicist and is called 'Mother of Modern Iranian Astronomy'.

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ALEPH experiment

ALEPH was a particle detector at the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP).

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Alessandra Buonanno

Alessandra Buonanno is a theoretical physicist working in gravitational-wave physics and cosmology.

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Alessandro Vaciago

Alessandro Vaciago (September 11, 1931 – November 17, 1993) was a Professor of Chemical Structure, University of Rome from 1971 to 1993.

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Alessandro Vespignani

Alessandro Vespignani is an Italian-American physicist, best known for his work on complex networks, and particularly for work on the applications of network theory to the spread of disease and for studies of the topological properties of the Internet.

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Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist, chemist, and a pioneer of electricity and power,Giuliano Pancaldi, "Volta: Science and culture in the age of enlightenment", Princeton University Press, 2003.

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Alex Grossmann

Alexander Grossmann (Croatian: Aleksandar Grossmann) (born 5 August 1930 in Zagreb) is a Croatian-French physicist at the Université de la Méditerranée Aix-Marseille II in Luminy campus who did pioneering work on wavelet analysis with Jean Morlet.

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Alex Smith (engineer)

Sir Alex Smith (15 October 1922 – 28 February 2003) was a Scottish industrial scientist and educator.

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Alex Stokes

Alexander (Alec) Rawson Stokes (27 June 1919 – 5 February 2003) was a co-author of the second of the three papers published sequentially in Nature on 25 April 1953 announcing the presumed molecular structure of DNA.

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Alex Zettl

Alex Zettl is an American professor of experimental condensed-matter physics.

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Alex Zunger

Alex Zunger is a theoretical physics professor at the University of Colorado.

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Alexander Akimov

Aleksandr Fyodorovich Akimov (Александр Фёдорович Акимов; 6 May 1953 – 11 May 1986) was the shift supervisor of the night crew that worked at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Unit #4 on the night of the Chernobyl disaster, April 26, 1986.

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Alexander Alexeyevich Makarov

Alexander Alexeyevich Makarov is a Russian physicist who led the team that developed the Orbitrap, a type of mass spectrometer, and received the 2008 American Society for Mass Spectrometry Distinguished Contribution in Mass Spectrometry Award for this development.

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Alexander Anderson (physicist)

Alexander Anderson (12 May 1858 – 7 September 1936) was an Irish physicist and President of Queen's College Galway, later University College Galway and now NUI Galway, from 1899 until 1934.

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Alexander Animalu

Alexander Obiefoka Enukora Animalu (born 28 August 1938) is a Nigerian academic, who is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

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Alexander Balankin

Alexander Balankin (born March 3, 1958) is a Mexican scientist of Russian origin (Баланкин, Александр Сергеевич) whose work in the field of and its engineering applications won him the UNESCO Science Prize in 2005.

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Alexander Baldin

Alexander Mikhajlovich Baldin (Russian: Александр Михайлович Балдин) (February 26, 1926, Moscow – April 29, 2001) was a Russian Soviet physicist, expert in the field of physics of elementary particles and high energy physics.

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Alexander Behm

Alexander Behm (11 November 1880 in Sternberg (Mecklenburg) – 22 January 1952 in Tarp (Schleswig-Flensburg)) was a German physicist who developed working ocean echo sounder in Germany at the same time Reginald Fessenden was doing so in North America.

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Alexander Belavin

Alexander "Sasha" Abramovich Belavin (Алекса́ндр Абрамо́вич Бела́вин, born 1942) is a Russian physicist, known for his contributions to string theory.

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Alexander Boksenberg

Alexander Boksenberg CBE FRS (born 18 March 1936) is a British scientist.

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Alexander Dalgarno

Alexander Dalgarno FRS (5 January 1928 – 9 April 2015) was a British physicist who was a Phillips Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University.

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Alexander Dallas Bache

Alexander Dallas Bache (July 19, 1806 – February 17, 1867) was an American physicist, scientist, and surveyor who erected coastal fortifications and conducted a detailed survey to map the mideastern United States coastline.

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Alexander Davydov

Alexander Sergeevich Davydov (Александр Сергеевич Давы́дов, Олекса́ндр Сергі́йович Дави́дов) (26 December 1912 – 19 February 1993) was a Soviet and Ukrainian physicist.

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Alexander Eugen Conrady

Alexander Eugen Conrady (January 27, 1866 at Burscheid, Germany – June 16, 1944 in London) was an eminent optical designer, academician, and textbook author.

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Alexander Fetter

Alexander L. ("Sandy") Fetter is an American physicist and Professor Emeritus of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University in California.

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Alexander Friedmann

Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (also spelled Friedman or Fridman; Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Фри́дман) (June 16, 1888 – September 16, 1925) was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician.

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Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone.

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Alexander Hollaender

Alexander Hollaender (1898–1986) was one of the world's leading researchers in radiation biology and in genetic mutations.

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Alexander Hollaender Award in Biophysics

The Alexander Hollaender Award in Biophysics is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for outstanding contributions in biophysics".

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Alexander I. Poltorak

Alexander I. Poltorak (born 1957) is a Russian-born American author, entrepreneur, physicist and scholar.

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Alexander Just

Alexander Friedrich Just (12 April 1874 in Bremen – 30 May 1937 in Budapest) was a German/Hungarian chemist and inventor.

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Alexander Kuzemsky

Alexander Leonidovich Kuzemsky (Александр Леонидович Куземский; born 1944) is a Russian (and former Soviet) theoretical physicist.

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Alexander Macfarlane

Prof Alexander Macfarlane FRSE LLD (21 April 1851 – 28 August 1913) was a Scottish logician, physicist, and mathematician.

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Alexander Markovich Polyakov

Alexander Markovich Polyakov (Алекса́ндр Ма́ркович Поляко́в; born 27 September 1945) is a Russian theoretical physicist, formerly at the Landau Institute in Moscow and, since 1990, at Princeton University.

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Alexander McAulay

Alexander McAulay (9 December 1863 – 6 July 1931) was the first professor of mathematics and physics at the University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania.

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Alexander Meissner

Alexander Meissner (in German: Alexander Meißner) (September 14, 1883 – January 3, 1958) was Austrian engineer and physicist.

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Alexander Nikuradse

Alexander Nikuradse (Aleksandre Nikuradze; ალექსანდრე ნიკურაძე), also known by his pseudonym Al.

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Alexander Patashinski

Alexander Zakharovich Patashinski (Александр Захарович Паташинский, other spellings of his name are Patashinskii, Patashinsky, Potashinsky) is a Research Professor at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.

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Alexander Prokhorov

Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov (born Alexander Michael Prochoroff, Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров; 11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was an Australian born Russian physicist known for his pioneering research on lasers and masers for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov.

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Alexander R. Hamilton

Alexander Rudolf Hamilton (born 1967) is with the School of Physics at the University of New South Wales (UNSW).

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Alexander Rich

Alexander Rich (November 15, 1924 – April 27, 2015) was an American biologist and biophysicist.

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Alexander Shikov

Alexander Shikov, D. Sc. (Russian: Александр Шиков; 1948-2013) was a Russian materials scientist.

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Alexander Shlyakhter

Alexander Isaakovich Shlyakhter (Александр Исаакович Шляхтер, died June 2000) was a Russian nuclear physicist and risk analyst.

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Alexander Stepanovich Popov

Alexander Stepanovich Popov (sometimes spelled Popoff; Алекса́ндр Степа́нович Попо́в; –) was a Russian physicist who is acclaimed in his homeland and some eastern European countries as the inventor of radio.

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Alexander van Oudenaarden

Alexander van Oudenaarden (19 March 1970) is a Dutch biophysicist and systems biologist.

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Alexander Vilenkin

Alexander Vilenkin (Алекса́ндр Виле́нкин,Олександр Віленкін.; 13 May 1949, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union) is Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Cosmology at Tufts University.

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Alexander William Bickerton

Professor Alexander William Bickerton (7 January 1842 – 21 January 1929) was the first professor of Chemistry at Canterbury College (now called the University of Canterbury) in Christchurch, New Zealand.

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Alexander Zamolodchikov

Alexander Borissowitsch Zamolodchikov (Алекса́ндр Бори́сович Замоло́дчиков; born September 18, 1952) is a Russian physicist, known for his contributions to condensed matter physics, two-dimensional conformal field theory, and string theory, and is currently the C.N. Yang/Wei Deng Endowed Chair of Physics at Stony Brook University.

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Alexander's band

Alexander's band or Alexander's dark band is an optical phenomenon associated with rainbows which was named after Alexander of Aphrodisias who first described it in 200 AD.

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Alexandre Chorin

Alexandre Joel Chorin (born 25 June 1938) is a University Professor at the University of California, a Professor of Mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley and a Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

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Alexandru Marin

Alexandru Adalbert "Alex" Marin (June 25, 1945 – November 14, 2005) was an experimental particle physicist, a professor of physics at MIT, Boston University and Harvard University, and a researcher at CERN and JINR.

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Alexandru Proca

Alexandru Proca (October 16, 1897, Bucharest – December 13, 1955, Paris) was a Romanian physicist who studied and worked in France.

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Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and AmericanAlexei A. Abrikosov.

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Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov

Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov (Алексе́й Ю́рьевич Cмирно́в; born October 16, 1951) is a neutrino physics researcher and one of the discoverers of the MSW Effect.

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Alexei Zamolodchikov

Alexei Borisovich Zamolodchikov (Алексей Борисович Замолодчиков; 18 September 1952 – 18 October 2007) was a Russian physicist known for his contributions to quantum field theory, quantum gravity and the Liouville string theory.

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Alexey Andreevich Anselm

Alexey Andreevich Anselm (1934, Leningrad – August 23, 1998) was a Russian theoretical physicist, known for his discovery of non-universality of the Landau pole in Quantum field theory, contributions to the theory of complex angular momenta, works on the Quark model, Spontaneous symmetry breaking, mechanisms of CP violation, modifications of the Standard Model, Cosmology, and the development of a simple model for the proton spin crisis.

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Alexey Kavokin

Alexey V. Kavokin (born 7 March 1970 in Leningrad) is a Russian and French theoretical physicist and writer.

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Alexis Clairaut

Alexis Claude Clairaut (13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist.

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Alexis Thérèse Petit

Alexis Thérèse Petit (2 October 1791, Vesoul, Haute-Saône – 21 June 1820, Paris) was a French physicist.

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Alexis-Marie de Rochon

Alexis-Marie de Rochon, known as Abbé Rochon, was born in Brest, France on 21 February 1741, and died in Paris on 5 April 1817.

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Alf Adams

Alfred ("Alf") Rodney Adams, FRS (born 1939) is a British physicist who invented the strained-layer quantum-well laser.

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Alfons Bühl

Alfons Bühl (1900–1988) was a German physicist.

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Alfred Barnard Basset

Alfred Barnard Basset FRS (25 July 1854 – 5 December 1930) was a British mathematician working on algebraic geometry, electrodynamics and hydrodynamics.

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Alfred Bucherer

Alfred Heinrich Bucherer (* 9 July 1863 in Cologne; † 16 April 1927 in Bonn) was a German physicist, who is known for his experiments on relativistic mass.

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Alfred Hübler

Alfred Wilhelm Hübler (May 16, 1957 – January 27, 2018) was a German-born research physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory as well as a tenured faculty member in the University Illinois Department of Physics.

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Alfred Kastler

Alfred Kastler (3 May 1902 – 7 January 1984) was a French physicist, and Nobel Prize laureate.

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Alfred Kleiner

Alfred Kleiner (April 24, 1849 – July 3, 1916) was a Swiss physicist and Professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Zurich.

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Alfred Landé

Alfred Landé (13 December 1888 – 30 October 1976) was a German-American physicist known for his contributions to quantum theory.

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Alfred Lauck Parson

Alfred Lauck Parson (October 24, 1889 – January 1, 1970) was a British chemist and physicist, whose "magneton theory" of the atom contributed to the history of chemistry.

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Alfred M. Mayer

Alfred Marshall Mayer (born in Baltimore, Maryland, 13 November 1836; died in Maplewood, New Jersey, 13 July 1897) was a United States physicist.

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Alfred O. C. Nier

Alfred Otto Carl Nier (May 28, 1911 – May 16, 1994) was an American physicist who pioneered the development of mass spectrometry.

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Alfred Perot

Jean-Baptiste Alfred Perot (3 November 1863 – 28 November 1925) was a French physicist.

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Alfred Robb

Alfred Arthur Robb FRS (18 January 1873 in Belfast – 14 December 1936 in Castlereagh) was a Northern Irish physicist.

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Alfred Saupe

Alfred Saupe (February 14, 1925 – August 3, 2008) was a German Physicist born in Badenweiler, who laid groundbreaking work in the area of liquid crystal studies.

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Alfred Schild

Alfred Schild (September 7, 1921 – May 24, 1977) was a leading German-American physicist, well known for his contributions to the Golden age of general relativity (1960–1975).

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Alfred Wegener

Alfred Lothar Wegener (–) was a German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist.

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Alfred Wilm

Alfred Wilm (25 June 1869 – 6 August 1937) was a German metallurgist who invented the alloy Al-3.5–5.5%Cu-Mg-Mn, now known as Duralumin which is used extensively in aircraft.

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Alfred-Marie Liénard

Alfred-Marie Liénard (2 April 1869 in Amiens – 29 April 1958 in Paris), was a French physicist and engineer.

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Alfvén wave

In plasma physics, an Alfvén wave, named after Hannes Alfvén, is a type of magnetohydrodynamic wave in which ions oscillate in response to a restoring force provided by an effective tension on the magnetic field lines.

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Algebra of physical space

In physics, the algebra of physical space (APS) is the use of the Clifford or geometric algebra Cl3,0(R) of the three-dimensional Euclidean space as a model for (3+1)-dimensional spacetime, representing a point in spacetime via a paravector (3-dimensional vector plus a 1-dimensional scalar).

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Algebraic holography

Algebraic holography, also sometimes called Rehren duality, is an attempt to understand the holographic principle of quantum gravity within the framework of algebraic quantum field theory, due to Karl-Henning Rehren.

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Algodoo

Algodoo is a physics-based 2D sandbox freeware from Algoryx Simulation AB (marketed as simply Algoryx) as the successor to the popular physics application Phun.

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Ali Javan

Ali Javan (Ali Javān; December 26, 1926 – September 12, 2016) was an Iranian-American physicist and inventor.

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Ali Moustafa Mosharafa

Dr.

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ALICE (accelerator)

Accelerators and Lasers In Combined Experiments (ALICE), or Energy Recovery Linac Prototype (ERLP) is a 35MeV energy recovery linac test facility at Daresbury Laboratory in Cheshire, England.

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ALICE experiment

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is one of seven detector experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.

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Alice Leigh-Smith

Alice Leigh-Smith (née Prebil), born September 11, 1907, was a Croatian born nuclear physicist.

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Alkali-metal thermal to electric converter

The alkali-metal thermal-to-electric converter (AMTEC), originally called the sodium heat engine (SHE) was invented by Joseph T. Kummer and Neill Weber at Ford in 1966, and is described in US Patents,, and.

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All gas-phase iodine laser

All gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) is a chemical laser using gaseous iodine as a lasing medium.

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All-silica fiber

All-silica fiber, or silica-silica fiber, is an optical fiber whose core and cladding are made of silica glass.

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Allais effect

The Allais effect refers to the alleged anomalous behavior of pendulums or gravimeters, which is sometimes purportedly observed during a solar eclipse.

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Allan Blaer

Allan Blaer (born 1942) is a physicist, Professor Emeritus and Special Lecturer at Columbia University in New York City.

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Allan Boardman

Allan Dawson Boardman is a British physicist, known for his work on surface plasmons and guided wave optics, especially nonlinear waves, solitons, magneto-optics and negative refracting metamaterials.

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Allan Carswell

Allan Ian Carswell, CM, FRSC (born 1933) is an internationally recognized leader in the field of laser radar (lidar) applications since the technology's beginning in the early 1960s.

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Allan Mackintosh

Allan Roy Mackintosh, FRS (22 January 1936 – 20 December 1995) was a prominent English-born Danish physicist and a leading authority on magnetism and neutron scattering, especially in the rare-earth metals.

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Allan McLeod Cormack

Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African American physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (along with Godfrey Hounsfield) for his work on X-ray computed tomography (CT).

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Allan V. Cox

Allan Verne Cox (December 17, 1926 – January 27, 1987) was an American geophysicist.

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Allen Shenstone

Allen Goodrich Shenstone, (July 27, 1893 – February 16, 1980) was a Canadian physicist.

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Allyn Vine

Allyn C. Vine (1914–1994) was a physicist and oceanographer who was a leader in developing manned submersible vessels to explore the deep sea.

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Allyne L. Merrill

Allyne L. Merrill (1863 – February 26, 1941) was an American physicist who served as faculty secretary of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1906 to June 1934.

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Aloyzas Sakalas

Aloyzas Sakalas (born July 6, 1931 in Anykščiai) is a Lithuanian politician, signatory of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, and Member of the European Parliament with the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania.

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Alpha & Omega (book)

Alpha & Omega: The Search for the Beginning and End of the Universe is the second non-fiction book by Charles Seife, published by Viking, a division of Penguin Putnam, in 2003.

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Alpha decay

Alpha decay or α-decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and thereby transforms or 'decays' into an atom with a mass number that is reduced by four and an atomic number that is reduced by two.

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Alpha factor

The α-factor is used to predict the solid–liquid interface type of a material during solidification.

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Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, also designated AMS-02, is a particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station (ISS).

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Alpha particle

Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus.

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Alpha process

The alpha process, also known as the alpha ladder, is one of two classes of nuclear fusion reactions by which stars convert helium into heavier elements, the other being the triple-alpha process.

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Alpha-particle spectroscopy

One method for testing of (and measuring) many alpha emitters is to use alpha-particle spectroscopy.

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Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper

In physical cosmology, the Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper, or αβγ paper, was created by Ralph Alpher, then a physics PhD student, and his advisor George Gamow.

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Alternating Gradient Synchrotron

The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) is a particle accelerator located at the Brookhaven National Laboratory in Long Island, New York, United States.

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Alternatives to general relativity

Alternatives to general relativity are physical theories that attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition to Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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Alternatives to the Standard Higgs Model

The Alternative models to the Standard Higgs Model are models which are considered by many particle physicists to solve some of Higgs boson's existing problems.

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Aluminium gallium phosphide

Aluminium gallium phosphide, (Al,Ga)P, a phosphide of aluminium and gallium, is a semiconductor material.

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Alv Egeland

Alv Egeland (born 22 March 1932) is a Norwegian physicist.

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Alvin Andreas Herborg Nielsen

Alvin H. Nielsen (30 May 1910 – 3 November 1994) was an American physicist in molecular spectroscopy.

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Alvin C. Graves

Alvin Cushman Graves (November 4, 1909 – July 19, 1965) was an American nuclear physicist who served at the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory and the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.

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Alvin M. Weinberg

Alvin Martin Weinberg (April 20, 1915 – October 18, 2006) was an American nuclear physicist who was the administrator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during and after the Manhattan Project.

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Alvin Radkowsky

Alvin Radkowsky (30 June 1915 – 17 February 2002) was a nuclear physicist and chief scientist at U.S. Navy nuclear propulsion division.

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Alwyn Van der Merwe

Alwyn van der Merwe (born November 1927 in South Africa) is an American theoretical physicist.

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Amagat

An amagat is a practical unit of number density.

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Amagat's law

Amagat's law or the Law of Partial Volumes of 1880 describes the behaviour and properties of mixtures of ideal (as well as some cases of non-ideal) gases.

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Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri

Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (অমল কুমার রায়চৌধুরী; 14 September 1923 – 18 June 2005) was a leading Indian physicist, renowned for his research in general relativity and cosmology.

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Amasa Stone Bishop

Amasa Stone Bishop (1921 – May 21, 1997) was an American nuclear physicist specializing in fusion physics.

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AMBER

Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) is a family of force fields for molecular dynamics of biomolecules originally developed by Peter Kollman's group at the University of California, San Francisco.

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Ambient noise level

In atmospheric sounding and noise pollution, ambient noise level (sometimes called background noise level, reference sound level, or room noise level) is the background sound pressure level at a given location, normally specified as a reference level to study a new intrusive sound source.

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Ambient pressure

The ambient pressure on an object is the pressure of the surrounding medium, such as a gas or liquid, in contact with the object.

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Ambipolar diffusion

Ambipolar diffusion is diffusion of positive and negative species with opposite electrical charge due to their interaction via an electric field.

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Amer Iqbal

Amer Iqbal is a Pakistani American theoretical physicist.

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American Association of Physicists in Medicine

The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a scientific, educational, and professional organization of Medical Physicists.

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American Association of Physics Teachers

The American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) was founded in 1930 for the purpose of "dissemination of knowledge of physics, particularly by way of teaching." There are more than 10,000 members that reside in over 30 countries.

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American Astronomical Society

The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC.

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American Astronomical Society 215th meeting

The 215th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) took place in Washington, D.C., Jan.

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American Geophysical Union

The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of geophysicists, consisting of over 62,000 members from 144 countries.

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American Institute of Physics

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) promotes science, the profession of physics, publishes physics journals, and produces publications for scientific and engineering societies.

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American Journal of Physics

The American Journal of Physics is a monthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Association of Physics Teachers and the American Institute of Physics.

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American Physical Society

The American Physical Society (APS) is the world's second largest organization of physicists.

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American Prometheus

American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer is a biography of J. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin published by Alfred A. Knopf in 2005.

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American Vacuum Society

AVS: Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing, American Institute of Physics.

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Ames Laboratory

Ames Laboratory is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Ames, Iowa and affiliated with Iowa State University.

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Ames trapezoid

The Ames trapezoid or Ames window is an image on, for example, a flat piece of cardboard, in the perceived shape of a style of window.

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Amikam Aharoni

Amikam Aharoni (עמיקם אַהֲרֹֹנִי; 1929–2002) was an Israeli physicist who has made numerous contributions to the fields of magnetism.

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Amir Caldeira

Amir Ordacgi Caldeira (born 1950 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian physicist.

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Ammonium diuranate

Ammonium diuranate or (ADU) ((NH4)2U2O7), is one of the radioactive intermediate chemical forms of uranium produced during yellowcake production.

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Ammonium uranyl carbonate

Ammonium uranyl carbonate (UO2CO3·2(NH4)2CO3) is known in the uranium processing industry as AUC and is also called uranyl ammonium carbonate.

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AMOLF

AMOLF, also known by its full name as FOM Institute AMOLF is one of the four research institutes which was operated by the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter, also known as FOM, until 31 December 2016, when the latter was integrated into the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).

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Amorphous ice

Amorphous ice (non-crystalline ("vitreous") ice) is an amorphous solid form of water.

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Amorphous metal

An amorphous metal (also known as metallic glass or glassy metal) is a solid metallic material, usually an alloy, with a disordered atomic-scale structure.

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Amorphous solid

In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous (from the Greek a, without, morphé, shape, form) or non-crystalline solid is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal.

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Amory Lovins

Amory Bloch Lovins (born November 13, 1947) is an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute.

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Amos de-Shalit

Amos de-Shalit (עמוס דה-שליט; September 29, 1926 – September 2, 1969 Davar newspaper, September 3, 1969) was an Israeli nuclear physicist and Israel Prize laureate.

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Amos Ori

Amos Ori (עמוס אורי, b.1956) is a professor of Physics at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, Israel.

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Amott test

The Amott test is one of the most widely used empirical wettability measurements for reservoir cores in petroleum engineering.

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Amount of substance

Amount of substance (symbol for the quantity is 'n') is a standard-defined quantity that measures the size of an ensemble of elementary entities, such as atoms, molecules, electrons, and other particles.

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Ampère's circuital law

In classical electromagnetism, Ampère's circuital law (not to be confused with Ampère's force law that André-Marie Ampère discovered in 1823) relates the integrated magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop.

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Ampère's force law

In magnetostatics, the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires (see first figure below) is often called Ampère's force law.

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Ampere

The ampere (symbol: A), often shortened to "amp",SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units.

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Ampere-turn

The ampere-turn (At) is the MKS (Metres, Kilograms, Seconds) unit of magnetomotive force (MMF), represented by a direct current of one ampere flowing in a single-turn loop in a vacuum.

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Amphidromic point

An amphidromic point is a point of zero amplitude of one harmonic constituent of the tide.

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Amplified spontaneous emission

Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) or superluminescence is light, produced by spontaneous emission, that has been optically amplified by the process of stimulated emission in a gain medium.

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Amplitude

The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period (such as time or spatial period).

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Amplitude damping channel

In the theory of quantum communication, an amplitude damping channel is a quantum channel that models physical processes such as spontaneous emission.

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Amrom Harry Katz

Amrom Harry Katz (August 15, 1915 – February 10, 1997) was an American physicist who specialized in aerial reconnaissance.

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Amsterdam Density Functional

Amsterdam Density Functional (ADF) is a program for first-principles electronic structure calculations that makes use of density functional theory (DFT).

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An Album of Fluid Motion

The book An Album of Fluid Motion is a collection of black-and-white photographs of flow visualizations for different types of fluid flows.

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An Elementary Treatise on Electricity

An Elementary Treatise on Electricity is a book by James Clerk Maxwell.

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An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism

An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism, is a fundamental publication by George Green, where he extends previous work of Siméon Denis Poisson on electricity and magnetism.

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An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything

"An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything" is a physics preprint proposing a basis for a unified field theory, often referred to as "E8 Theory", which attempts to describe all known fundamental interactions in physics and to stand as a possible theory of everything.

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An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction

"An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction" (1798), which was published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, is a scientific paper by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford that provided a substantial challenge to established theories of heat and began the 19th century revolution in thermodynamics.

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Ana María Cetto

Ana Maria Cetto (born in Mexico City, 1946) is a Mexican physicist.

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Anales de Física

Anales de Física was a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in all areas of physics published by the Royal Spanish Society of Physics (Real Sociedad Española de Física).

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Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Springer Science+Business Media.

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Analog models of gravity

Analog models of gravity are attempts to model various phenomena of general relativity (e.g., black holes or cosmological geometries) using other physical systems such as acoustics in a moving fluid, superfluid helium, or Bose–Einstein condensate; gravity waves in water; and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium.

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Analysis of flows

In theoretical physics, an analysis of flows is the study of "gauge" or "gaugelike" "symmetries" (i.e. flows the formulation of a theory is invariant under).

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Analytical dynamics

In classical mechanics, analytical dynamics, or more briefly dynamics, is concerned with the relationship between motion of bodies and its causes, namely the forces acting on the bodies and the properties of the bodies, particularly mass and moment of inertia.

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Analytical mechanics

In theoretical physics and mathematical physics, analytical mechanics, or theoretical mechanics is a collection of closely related alternative formulations of classical mechanics.

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Anastigmat

An anastigmat or anastigmatic lens is a photographic lens completely corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism.

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Anatol Roshko

Anatol Roshko (15 July 1923 – 23 January 2017) was a Canadian-born physicist and engineer.

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Anatol Zhabotinsky

Anatol Markovich Zhabotinsky (Анато́лий Ма́ркович Жаботи́нский) (January 17, 1938 – September 16, 2008) was a Soviet biophysicist who created a theory of the chemical clock known as Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in the 1960s and published a comprehensive body of experimental data on chemical wave propagation and pattern formation in nonuniform media.

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Anatole Abragam

Anatole Abragam (December 15, 1914 – June 8, 2011) was a French physicist who wrote The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism and made significant contributions to the field of nuclear magnetic resonance.

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Anatole Boris Volkov

Anatole Boris Volkov (October 29, 1924 – November 28, 2000) was an American physicist, allegedly serving as a courier for the Silvermaster spy ring between Washington, D.C. and New York City.

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Anatoli Blagonravov

Anatoli A. Blagonravov (1895–1975) was a Russian space scientist and diplomat.

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Anatoly Alexandrov (physicist)

Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov (Анатолий Петрович Александров, 13 February 1903, Tarascha – 3 February 1994, Moscow), also known as A.P Alaexandrov, was a Russian physicist, director of the Kurchatov Institute, academician (from 1953) and president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1975–1986).

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Anatoly Dyatlov

Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov (Анатолий Степанович Дятлов; March 3, 1931 – December 13, 1995) was vice chief-engineer of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, and the supervisor of the fatal experiment which resulted in the Chernobyl disaster.

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Anatoly Larkin

Anatoly Ivanovich Larkin (Анатолий Иванович Ларкин; October 14, 1932 – August 4, 2005) was a Russian theoretical physicist, universally recognised as a leader in theory of condensed matter, and who was also a celebrated teacher of several generations of theorists.

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Anatoly Vlasov

Anatoly Alexandrovich Vlasov (Анато́лий Алекса́ндрович Вла́сов; – 22 December 1975) was a Russian theoretical physicist prominent in the fields of statistical mechanics, kinetics, and especially in plasma physics.

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Anaxagoras

Anaxagoras (Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagoras, "lord of the assembly"; BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.

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Anaximander

Anaximander (Ἀναξίμανδρος Anaximandros; was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus,"Anaximander" in Chambers's Encyclopædia.

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Anders Boserup

Anders Boserup (January 15, 1940 – May 4, 1990) was a Danish researcher.

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Anders Flodström

Anders Flodström (born 1944) is a Swedish professor of materials physics at the Royal Institute of Technology.

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Anders Johan Lexell

Anders Johan Lexell (24 December 1740 &ndash) was a Finnish-Swedish astronomer, mathematician, and physicist who spent most of his life in Imperial Russia, where he was known as Andrei Ivanovich Leksel (Андрей Иванович Лексель).

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Anders Jonas Ångström

Anders Jonas Ångström (13 August 181421 June 1874) was a Swedish physicist and one of the founders of the science of spectroscopy.

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Anders Karlsson (physicist)

Anders Karlsson (b. 1964 Järna, Sweden) is a scientist and professor of quantum photonics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.

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Anders Knutsson Ångström

Anders Knutsson Ångström (1888, Stockholm – 1981) was a Swedish physicist and meteorologist who was known primarily for his contributions to the field of atmospheric radiation.

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Anderson impurity model

The Anderson impurity model is a Hamiltonian that is used to describe magnetic impurities embedded in metallic hosts.

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Anderson localization

In condensed matter physics, Anderson localization (also known as strong localization) is the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium.

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Anderson orthogonality theorem

The Anderson orthogonality theorem is a theorem in physics by the physicist P. W. Anderson.

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Anderson's rule

Anderson's rule is used for the construction of energy band diagrams of the heterojunction between two semiconductor materials.

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André Blondel

André-Eugène Blondel (28 August 1863 – 15 November 1938) was a French engineer and physicist.

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André Guinier

André Guinier (1 August 1911 – 3 July 2000) was a French physicist who did important work in the field of X-ray diffraction and solid-state physics.

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André Lichnerowicz

André Lichnerowicz (January 21, 1915 – December 11, 1998) was a noted French differential geometer and mathematical physicist of Polish descent.

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André Maréchal

Robert Gaston André Maréchal (10 December 1916 – 14 October 2007) was a French researcher and administrator in optics.

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André Neveu

André Neveu (born 28 August 1946) is a French physicist working on string theory and quantum field theory who coinvented the Neveu–Schwarz algebra and the Gross–Neveu model.

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André Pochan

André Pochan (1891 in Fourmies, France – ?) was a French physicist and mathematician and Egyptology enthusiast.

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André-Marie Ampère

André-Marie Ampère (20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics".

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Andre Geim

Sir Andre Konstantin Geim, FRS, HonFRSC, HonFInstP (born 21 October 1958) is a Soviet-born Dutch-British physicist working in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

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Andrea Alù

Andrea Alù (born in Rome, Italy, September 27, 1978) is the Temple Foundation Endowed professor at the University of Texas who is a significant contributor to the field of novel or advanced materials research.

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Andrea M. Ghez

Andrea Mia Ghez (born June 16, 1965) is an American astronomer and professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UCLA.

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Andrea Naccari

Andrea Naccari (12 August 1841 – 2 October 1919) is notable for his study of the thermoelectric properties of metals, the photoelectric effect of metals immersed in liquids, and the electrical conductivity of gases and liquid dielectrics.

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Andrea Prosperetti

Andrea Prosperetti is the Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Houston, the Berkhoff Professor of Applied Physics at the University of Twente in the Netherlands and an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering.

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Andreas Acrivos

Andreas Acrivos (born 13 June 1928) is the Albert Einstein Professor of Science and Engineering, Emeritus at the City College of New York.

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Andreas Albrecht (cosmologist)

Andreas J. Albrecht is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist who is a professor and chair of the Physics Department at the University of California, Davis.

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Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos

Dr.

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Andreas Jaszlinszky

Andreas Jaszlinszky (September 1715 in Abaújszina – January 1783 in Rozsnyó) was the Slovak-born author of the early physics textbooks Institutiones physicae pars prima, seu physica generalis (Trnava/Nagyszombat, 1756/1761, 471 pp) and Institutiones physicae pars altera, seu physica particularis (Trnava/Nagyszombat, 1756/1761, 341 pp).

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Andreas Mershin

Andreas Mershin is a physicist at the Center for Bits and Atoms in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Andreas von Ettingshausen

Andreas Freiherr von Ettingshausen (25 November 1796 – 25 May 1878) was a German mathematician and physicist.

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Andreas Winter

Andreas Winter (born 14 June 1971, Mühldorf, Germany) is a German mathematician and mathematical physicist at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) in Spain.

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Andreev reflection

Andreev reflection (AR), named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N).

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Andrei Doroshkevich

Andrei Georgievich Doroshkevich (Андрей Георгиевич Дорошкевич, born 1937) is a Russian (and former Soviet) theoretical astrophysicist and cosmologist, head of the laboratory on the physics of the early universe at the Lebedev Physical Institute.

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Andrei Linde

Andrei Dmitriyevich Linde (Андре́й Дми́триевич Ли́нде; born March 2, 1948) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist and the Harald Trap Friis Professor of Physics at Stanford University.

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Andrei Sakharov

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (p; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Russian nuclear physicist, dissident, and activist for disarmament, peace and human rights.

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Andrej Čadež

Andrej Čadež (September 12, 1942- in Ljubljana) is a Slovene physicist and astrophysicist.

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Andrew E. Lange

Andrew E. Lange (July 23, 1957 – January 22, 2010)Janette Williams, Pasadena Star-News.

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Andrew Gordon (Benedictine)

Andrew Gordon (15 June 1712 - 22 August 1751) was a Scottish Benedictine monk, physicist and inventor.

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Andrew Gray (physicist)

Dr Andrew Gray (2 July 1847 – 10 October 1925) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician.

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Andrew Huxley

Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (22 November 191730 May 2012) was a Nobel Prize-winning English physiologist and biophysicist.

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Andrew J. Feustel

Andrew Jay "Drew" Feustel (born August 25, 1965) is an American geophysicist and a NASA astronaut.

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Andrew Keller

Andrew Keller FRS(22 August 1925 – 7 February 1999) was a British polymer scientist.

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Andrew Lang (physicist)

Andrew Richard Lang FRS CBE (9 February 1924 – 30 June 2008) was a British scientist and crystallographer.

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Andrew Lyne

Andrew Geoffrey Lyne FRS (born 13 July 1942) is a British physicist.

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Andrew R. Liddle

Andrew R. Liddle (born 9 June 1965) is Professor of astrophysics at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh, as of 2013.

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Andrew Steane

Andrew Martin Steane is Professor of physics at the University of Oxford.

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Andrew Strominger

Andrew Eben Strominger (born 1955) is an American theoretical physicist who is the Director of Harvard's Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature.

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Andrew Turberfield

Andrew J Turberfield is a British Professor of Physics based at the University of Oxford.

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Andrey Kolmogorov

Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (a, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a 20th-century Soviet mathematician who made significant contributions to the mathematics of probability theory, topology, intuitionistic logic, turbulence, classical mechanics, algorithmic information theory and computational complexity.

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Andreyev Acoustics Institute

The N. N. Andreyev Acoustics Institute, (also the Andreyev Acoustics Institute or simply the Acoustics Institute) is a Russian research facility dedicated to the study of acoustics.

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Andrija Mohorovičić

Andrija Mohorovičić (23 January 1857 – 18 December 1936) was a Croatian meteorologist and seismologist.

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Andrius Baltuška

Andrius Baltuška (born November 26, 1971 in Leningrad) is a Lithuanian physicist.

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Andromeda–Milky Way collision

The Andromeda–Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 4 billion years between two galaxies in the Local Group—the Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy.

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Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski

Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski (Polish pronunciation: Vrooblevski, born 1933 in Warsaw) – Polish physicist, ordinary professor doctor habilitatus (since 1971), dean of the Physics Department Warsaw University (1986–1989), Rector of the Warsaw University (1989–1993), President of the Academic Council of the Institute for the History of Science, Polish Academy of Sciences.

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Andrzej Sołtan

Andrzej Sołtan (25 October 1897 – 10 December 1959) was a Polish nuclear physicist.

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Andrzej Trautman

Andrzej Mariusz Trautman (born January 4, 1933) is a Polish mathematical physicist who has made contributions to classical gravitation in general and to general relativity in particular.

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Anechoic chamber

An anechoic chamber (an-echoic meaning "non-reflective, non-echoing, echo-free") is a room designed to completely absorb reflections of either sound or electromagnetic waves.

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Aneesur Rahman

Aneesur Rahman (24 August 1927 – 6 June 1987) pioneered the application of computational methods to physical systems.

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Anemometer

An anemometer is a device used for measuring the speed of wind, and is also a common weather station instrument.

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Aneutronic fusion

Aneutronic fusion is any form of fusion power in which neutrons carry no more than 1% of the total released energy.

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Angelo Battelli

Angelo Battelli (28 March 1862 – 11 December 1916) was an Italian scientist, notable for having measured temperatures and heats of fusion of non-metallic substances, metallic conductivities and thermoelectric effects in magnetic metals, and the Thomson effect.

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Angioletta Coradini

Angioletta Coradini (1 July 1946 – 5 September 2011) was an Italian astrophysicist, planetary scientist and one of the most important figures in the space sciences in Italy.

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Angle of attack

In fluid dynamics, angle of attack (AOA, or \alpha (Greek letter alpha)) is the angle between a reference line on a body (often the chord line of an airfoil) and the vector representing the relative motion between the body and the fluid through which it is moving.

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Angle of climb

In aerodynamics, climb gradient is the ratio between distance travelled over the ground and altitude gained, and is expressed as a percentage.

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Angle of incidence (optics)

In geometric optics, the angle of incidence is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal.

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Angle of repose

The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping.

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Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), is a direct experimental technique to observe the distribution of the electrons (more precisely, the density of single-particle electronic excitations) in the reciprocal space of solids.

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Angstrom exponent

Ångström exponent is the name of the exponent in the formula that is usually used to describe the dependency of the aerosol optical thickness, or aerosol extinction coefficient on wavelength.

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Angular acceleration

Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity.

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Angular diameter distance

The angular diameter distance is a distance measure used in astronomy.

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Angular displacement

Angular displacement of a body is the angle in radians (degrees, revolutions) through which a point revolves around a centre or line has been rotated in a specified sense about a specified axis.

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Angular frequency

In physics, angular frequency ω (also referred to by the terms angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance) is a scalar measure of rotation rate.

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Angular momentum

In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum.

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Angular momentum coupling

In quantum mechanics, the procedure of constructing eigenstates of total angular momentum out of eigenstates of separate angular momenta is called angular momentum coupling.

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Angular momentum of light

The angular momentum of light is a vector quantity that expresses the amount of dynamical rotation present in the electromagnetic field of the light.

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Angular momentum operator

In quantum mechanics, the angular momentum operator is one of several related operators analogous to classical angular momentum.

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Angular spectrum method

The angular spectrum method is a technique for modeling the propagation of a wave field.

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Angular velocity

In physics, the angular velocity of a particle is the rate at which it rotates around a chosen center point: that is, the time rate of change of its angular displacement relative to the origin.

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Anharmonicity

In classical mechanics, anharmonicity is the deviation of a system from being a harmonic oscillator.

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Anil Bhardwaj

Anil Bhardwaj (born 1 June 1967) is a an Indian astrophysicist.

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Animal echolocation

Echolocation, also called bio sonar, is the biological sonar used by several kinds of animals.

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Anirudh Singh

Dr Anirudh Singh is a Fiji Indian academic who has undertaken research on muon implantation in solids but is best known for the stand he has taken on national issues, in particular those relating to social inequities in Fiji, resulting from the 1987 military take-over of the Fijian Government.

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Anisothermal plasma

An Anisothermal plasma is a plasma which thermal state can be approximated by more than one temperature for the different degrees of freedom of the plasma.

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Anisotropy

Anisotropy, is the property of being directionally dependent, which implies different properties in different directions, as opposed to isotropy.

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Anita Goel

Anita Goel (Hindi: अनीता गोयल) is a physicist and physician in the United States.

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Ann Nelson

Ann Elizabeth Nelson (born 1958) is a particle physicist at the University of Washington.

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Anna Maria Nobili

Anna Maria Nobili is an Italian physicist active in the field of gravitational physics.

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Annalen der Physik

Annalen der Physik (English: Annals of Physics) is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics and has been published since 1799.

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Annales de chimie et de physique

Annales de chimie et de physique (French for Annals of Chemistry and of Physics) is a scientific journal that was founded in Paris, France, in 1789 under the title Annales de chimie.

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Annales Henri Poincaré

The Annales Henri Poincaré (A Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal which collects and publishes original research papers in the field of theoretical and mathematical physics.

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Annals of Physics

Annals of Physics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of physics.

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Annihilation

In particle physics, annihilation is the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle to produce other particles, such as an electron colliding with a positron to produce two photons.

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ANNNI model

In statistical physics, the axial (or anisotropic) next-nearest neighbor Ising model, usually known as the ANNNI model, is a variant of the Ising model in which competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions couple spins at nearest and next-nearest neighbor sites along one of the crystallographic axes of the lattice.

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Annular dark-field imaging

Annular dark-field imaging is a method of mapping samples in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).

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Annular fin

In thermal engineering, an annular fin is a specific type of fin used in heat transfer that varies, radially, in cross-sectional area.

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Annular velocity

Annular velocity is the speed of a fluid's movement in a column called an annulus in wells being drilled with circulating drilling fluid.

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Annus mirabilis

Annus mirabilis (pl. anni mirabiles) is a Latin phrase that means "wonderful year", "miraculous year" or "amazing year".

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Annus Mirabilis papers

The Annus mirabilis papers (from Latin annus mīrābilis, "extraordinary year") are the papers of Albert Einstein published in the Annalen der Physik scientific journal in 1905.

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Anode ray

An anode ray (also positive ray or canal ray) is a beam of positive ions that is created by certain types of gas-discharge tubes.

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Anomalon

In physics, an anomalon is a hypothetical type of nuclear matter that shows an anomalously large reactive cross section.

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Anomalous diffraction theory

Anomalous diffraction theory (also van de Hulst approximation, eikonal approximation, high energy approximation, soft particle approximation) is an approximation developed by Dutch astronomer van de Hulst describing light scattering for optically soft spheres.

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Anomalous diffusion

Anomalous diffusion is a diffusion process with a non-linear relationship to time, in contrast to a typical diffusion process, in which the mean squared displacement (MSD), σr2, of a particle is a linear function of time.

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Anomalous electric dipole moment

In particle physics, the anomalous electric dipole moment, or the electric dipole moment of a particle in short, is the electric dipole moment of a particle.

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Anomalous magnetic dipole moment

In quantum electrodynamics, the anomalous magnetic moment of a particle is a contribution of effects of quantum mechanics, expressed by Feynman diagrams with loops, to the magnetic moment of that particle.

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Anomalous photovoltaic effect

The anomalous photovoltaic effect (APE), also called (in certain cases) the bulk photovoltaic effect is a type of a photovoltaic effect which occurs in certain semiconductors and insulators.

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Anomalous X-ray pulsar

Anomalous X-ray Pulsars (AXPs) are now widely believed to be magnetars—young, isolated, highly magnetized neutron stars.

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Anomaly (physics)

In quantum physics an anomaly or quantum anomaly is the failure of a symmetry of a theory's classical action to be a symmetry of any regularization of the full quantum theory.

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Anomaly matching condition

In quantum field theory, the anomaly matching condition by Gerard 't Hooft states that the calculation of any chiral anomaly for the flavor symmetry must not depend on what scale is chosen for the calculation if it is done by using the degrees of freedom of the theory at some energy scale.

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Anosov diffeomorphism

In mathematics, more particularly in the fields of dynamical systems and geometric topology, an Anosov map on a manifold M is a certain type of mapping, from M to itself, with rather clearly marked local directions of "expansion" and "contraction".

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Ansar Pervaiz

Ansar Pervaiz, also spelled as (Ansar Parvez), HI, is a Pakistani scientist and a nuclear engineer who was the former chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), and former chairman of the Board of Governors of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

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Ansatz

In physics and mathematics, an ansatz (meaning: "initial placement of a tool at a work piece", plural ansätze; or ansatzes) is an educated guessIn his book on "The Nature of Mathematical Modelling", Neil Gershenfeld introduces ansatz, with interpretation "a trial answer", to be an important technique for solving differential equations.

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Anselmus de Boodt

Anselmus de Boodt or Anselmus Boëtius de Boodt (Bruges, 1550 - Bruges, 21 June 1632) was a Flemish humanist, mineralogist, physician and naturalist.

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Antarctic Impulse Transient Antenna

The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment has been designed to study ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos by detecting the radio pulses emitted by their interactions with the Antarctic ice sheet.

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Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array

The Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) is a neutrino telescope located beneath the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station.

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ANTARES (telescope)

ANTARES is the name of a neutrino detector residing 2.5 km under the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Toulon, France.

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Antenna array

An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves.

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Antenna noise temperature

In telecommunication, antenna noise temperature is the temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth as that at the antenna output at a specified frequency.

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Anthelion

An anthelion (plural anthelia, from late Greek ανθηλιος, "opposite the sun") is a rare optical phenomenon of the halo family.

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Anthony E. Siegman

Anthony E. Siegman (November 23, 1931 – October 7, 2011) was an electrical engineer and educator concerned with masers and lasers.

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Anthony French

Anthony Philip French (November 19, 1920 – February 3, 2017) was a British professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Anthony Ichiro Sanda

is a Japanese-American particle physicist.

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Anthony J. DeMaria

Anthony J. DeMaria is an American researcher in lasers and their applications, particularly known for his work with picosecond laser pulses.

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Anthony James Leggett

Sir Anthony James Leggett (born 26 March 1938), has been a professor of physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign since 1983.

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Anthony Kelly (academic)

Anthony Elliott-Kelly FAcSS or Anthony Kelly, better known as Tony Kelly, is an Irish academic who is currently Professor of Education (and former Head of Department) at the University of Southampton, England, specialising in education / schooling theory as it relates to school improvement, school effectiveness and school leadership, and system-wide policy.

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Anthony M. Johnson

Anthony Michael Johnson is an American experimental physicist, a Professor of Physics, and a Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC).

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Anthony Zee

Anthony Zee (b. 1945) (Zee comes from /ʑi23/, the Shanghainese pronunciation of 徐) is a Chinese-American physicist, writer, and currently a professor at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and the physics department of the University of California, Santa Barbara.

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Anthropic principle

The anthropic principle is a philosophical consideration that observations of the universe must be compatible with the conscious and sapient life that observes it.

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Anti-de Sitter space

In mathematics and physics, n-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdSn) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant negative scalar curvature.

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Anti-gravity

Anti-gravity (also known as non-gravitational field) is an idea of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity.

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Anti-phase domain

An antiphase domain (APD) is a type of crystallographic defect in which the atoms in a region of a crystal are configured in the opposite order to those in the perfect lattice system.

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Anti-reflective coating

An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection.

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Anti-scatter grid

Anti-scatter grid is a device for limiting the amount of radiation scatter created in a radiographic exposure reaching the detector.

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Anti-scratch coating

An anti-scratch or scratch-resistant coating is a film or coating that can be applied to optical surfaces, such as the faces of a lens or photographic film.

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Anti-shock body

An anti-shock body (also known as Whitcomb body or Küchemann carrot) is a pod positioned on the leading edge or trailing edge of an aircraft's aerodynamic surfaces to reduce wave drag at transonic speeds (Mach 0.8–1.0).

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Anti-vibration compound

An anti-vibration compound is a temperature-resistant mixture of a liquid with fine particles, which is used to reduce oscillations in calender rolls and to dampen vibrations in fabricated structures like machine beds and housings.

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Antibubble

An antibubble is a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas, as opposed to a gas bubble, which is a sphere of gas surrounded by a liquid.

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Anticrepuscular rays

Anticrepuscular rays, or antisolar rays, are atmospheric optical phenomena similar to crepuscular rays, but appear opposite of the Sun in the sky.

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Antidynamo theorem

In physics and in particular in the theory of magnetism, an antidynamo theorem is one of several results that restrict the type of magnetic fields that may be produced by dynamo action.

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Antiferroelectricity

Antiferroelectricity is a physical property of certain materials.

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Antiferromagnetism

In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism, the magnetic moments of atoms or molecules, usually related to the spins of electrons, align in a regular pattern with neighboring spins (on different sublattices) pointing in opposite directions.

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Antihydrogen

Antihydrogen is the antimatter counterpart of hydrogen.

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Antimatter

In modern physics, antimatter is defined as a material composed of the antiparticle (or "partners") to the corresponding particles of ordinary matter.

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Antimatter comet

Antimatter comets (and antimatter meteoroids) are hypothetical comets (meteoroids) composed solely of antimatter instead of ordinary matter.

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Antimatter rocket

An antimatter rocket is a proposed class of rockets that use antimatter as their power source.

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Antimatter tests of Lorentz violation

High-precision experiments could reveal small previously unseen differences between the behavior of matter and antimatter.

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Antimatter weapon

An antimatter weapon is a possible device according to theories using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon.

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Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion

Antimatter catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion is a variation of nuclear pulse propulsion based upon the injection of antimatter into a mass of nuclear fuel which normally would not be useful in propulsion.

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Antimo Palano

Antimo Palano is one of the Italian and international leading experts of hadron spectroscopy.

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Antineutron

The antineutron is the antiparticle of the neutron with symbol.

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Antiparticle

In particle physics, every type of particle has an associated antiparticle with the same mass but with opposite physical charges (such as electric charge).

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Antiproton

The antiproton,, (pronounced p-bar) is the antiparticle of the proton.

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Antiproton Decelerator

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a storage ring at the CERN laboratory near Geneva.

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Antiprotonic helium

Antiprotonic helium is a three-body atom composed of an antiproton and an electron orbiting around a helium nucleus.

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Antiquarian science books

Antiquarian science books are original historical works (e.g., books or technical papers) concerning science, mathematics and sometimes engineering.

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Antistatic agent

An antistatic agent is a compound used for treatment of materials or their surfaces in order to reduce or eliminate buildup of static electricity.

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Antistatic device

An antistatic device is any device that reduces, dampens, or otherwise inhibits electrostatic discharge; the buildup or discharge of static electricity, which can damage electrical components such as computer hard drives, and even ignite flammable liquids and gases.

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Antoine César Becquerel

Antoine César Becquerel (7 March 178818 January 1878) was a French scientist and a pioneer in the study of electric and luminescent phenomena.

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Antoine de Chézy

Antoine de Chézy (1 September 1718, Châlons-en-Champagne – 5 October 1798, Paris) was a French hydraulics engineer.

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Anton Ambschel

Anton Ambschel (Ambschl, Ambschell, Ambšl) (1 December 1746 in Cerknica – 14 July 1821 in Bratislava, Slovakia) was a Slovenian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and astronomer.

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Anton Kapustin

Anton Nikolayevich Kapustin (born November 10, 1971, Moscow) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist and the Earle C. Anthony Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology, and a former member of the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics at Stony Brook University.

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Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita

Anton (or Antonius) Maria Schyrleus (also Schyrl, Schyrle) of Rheita (1604–1660) (Antonín Maria Šírek z Reity) was an astronomer and optician.

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Anton Oberbeck

Anton Oberbeck (25 March 1846 – 23 October 1900) was a German physicist from Berlin.

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Anton Peterlin (physicist)

Anton Peterlin (25 September 1908 – 24 March 1993) was a Slovenian physicist.

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Anton Zeilinger

Anton Zeilinger (born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist who in 2008 received the Inaugural Isaac Newton Medal of the Institute of Physics (UK) for "his pioneering conceptual and experimental contributions to the foundations of quantum physics, which have become the cornerstone for the rapidly-evolving field of quantum information".

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Antonia Terzi

Antonia Terzi (born April 29, 1971, Mirandola, Italy) is an Italian aerodynamicist who has worked for the Ferrari and Williams Formula One teams.

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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek FRS (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch businessman and scientist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

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Antonino Zichichi

Antonino Zichichi (born October 15, 1929) is an Italian physicist who has worked in the field of nuclear physics.

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Antonio Ferri

Antonio Ferri (5 April 1912 – 28 December 1975) was an Italian scientist, prominent in the field of aerodynamics, with a specialization in hypersonic and supersonic flight.

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Antonio Pacinotti

Antonio Pacinotti (17 June 1841 – 24 March 1912) was an Italian physicist, who was Professor of Physics at the University of Pisa.

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Antonio Signorini

Antonio Signorini (2 April 1888 – 23 February 1963) was an influential Italian mathematical physicist and civil engineer of the 20th century.

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Antonius van den Broek

Antonius Johannes van den Broek (4 May 1870, Zoetermeer – 25 October 1926, Bilthoven) was a Dutch amateur physicist notable for being the first who realized that the number of an element in the periodic table (now called atomic number) corresponds to the charge of its atomic nucleus.

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Antony Garrett Lisi

Antony Garrett Lisi (born January 24, 1968), known as Garrett Lisi, is an American theoretical physicist and adventure sports enthusiast.

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Antony Hewish

Antony Hewish (born 11 May 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle) for his role in the discovery of pulsars.

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Antony Jameson

Antony Jameson FRS, FREng (b. Gillingham, Kent, 20 November 1943) is Professor of Engineering in the Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics at Stanford University.

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Antony Valentini

Antony Valentini is a theoretical physicist and a professor at Clemson University.

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Antun Karlo Bakotić

Antun Karlo Bakotić (Kaštel Gomilica, November 4, 1831 – Zadar, January 13, 1887) was a Croatian writer and physicist.

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Anwar Ali (physicist)

Anwar Ali, born: 1943 in Hosiyarpur now in Indian Punjab, British Punjab State, British Indian Empire, (Ph.D, HI, PP), is a Pakistani nuclear physicist who served as the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 2006 till 2009.

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Anyon

In physics, an anyon is a type of quasiparticle that occurs only in ''two''-dimensional systems, with properties much less restricted than fermions and bosons.

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Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation

The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation, or APOLLO, is a project at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico.

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Aperture

In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.

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APEXC

The APE(X)C, or All Purpose Electronic (X) Computer series was designed by Andrew Donald Booth at Birkbeck College, London in the early 1950s.

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Apollo M. O. Smith

Apollo Milton Olin Smith (usually referred to as A.M.O. Smith) (July 2, 1911 – May 1, 1997) was an important figure in the aerodynamics field at Douglas Aircraft from 1938 to 1975 and an early pioneer in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics.

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Apoorva D. Patel

Apoorva D. Patel is a Professor at the Centre for High Energy Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.

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Apparent horizon

In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards, and those directed outward but moving inward.

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Apparent magnitude

The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.

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Apparent viscosity

Apparent viscosity (sometimes denoted η) is the shear stress applied to a fluid divided by the shear rate (\eta.

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Apparent weight

In physics, apparent weight is a property of objects that corresponds to how heavy an object is.

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Appell's equation of motion

In classical mechanics, Appell's equation of motion (aka Gibbs-Appell equation of motion) is an alternative general formulation of classical mechanics described by Paul Émile Appell in 1900 and Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1879 Here, \alpha_r.

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Applications of the Stirling engine

Applications of the Stirling engine range from mechanical propulsion to heating and cooling to electrical generation systems.

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Applied mechanics

Applied mechanics (also engineering mechanics) is a branch of the physical sciences and the practical application of mechanics.

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Applied Optics

Applied Optics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by The Optical Society three times a month.

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Applied physics

Applied physics is intended for a particular technological or practical use.

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Applied Physics A

Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media.

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Applied Physics B

Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media.

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Applied Physics Express

Applied Physics Express or APEX is a scientific journal publishing letters, with usually no more than three pages per (concise) article.

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Applied Physics Letters

Applied Physics Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by the American Institute of Physics.

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Applied spectroscopy

Applied spectroscopy is the application of various spectroscopic methods for detection and identification of different elements/compounds in solving problems in the fields of forensics, medicine, oil industry, atmospheric chemistry, pharmacology, etc.

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Applied Spectroscopy (journal)

Applied Spectroscopy is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published monthly by the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, and it is also the official journal for this society.

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Applied Spectroscopy Reviews

Applied Spectroscopy Reviews is a peer reviewed scientific journal that publishes review articles on all aspects of spectroscopy.

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Apse line

An apse line, or line of apsides, is an imaginary line defined by an orbit's eccentricity vector.

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Apsidal precession

In celestial mechanics, apsidal precession or orbital precession is the precession (rotation) of the orbit of a celestial body.

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Apsis

An apsis (ἁψίς; plural apsides, Greek: ἁψῖδες) is an extreme point in the orbit of an object.

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Arago spot

In optics, the Arago spot, Poisson spot, or Fresnel bright spot, is a bright point that appears at the center of a circular object's shadow due to Fresnel diffraction.

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Arbitrary unit

In science and technology, an arbitrary unit (abbreviated arb. unit, see below) or procedure defined unit (p.d.u.) is a relative unit of measurement to show the ratio of amount of substance, intensity, or other quantities, to a predetermined reference measurement.

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Arc suppression

Arc suppression is the reduction of sparks formed when current-carrying contacts are separated.

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ARC-ECRIS

ARC-ECRIS is an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source based on arc-shaped coils unlike the conventional ECRIS which bases on a multipole magnet (usually a hexapole magnet) inside a solenoid magnet.

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Archeops

Archeops was a balloon-borne instrument dedicated to measuring the Cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies.

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Archer's paradox

The archer's paradox is the phenomenon of an arrow traveling in the direction it is pointed at full draw, when it seems that the arrow would have to pass through the starting position it was in before being drawn, where it was pointed to the side of the target.

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Archibald Hill

Archibald Vivian Hill (26 September 1886 – 3 June 1977), known as A. V. Hill, was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research.

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Archibald Howie

Archibald "Archie" Howie CBE HonFRMS FRS HonFRSE (born 8 March 1934) is a British physicist, known for his pioneering work on the interpretation of transmission electron microscope images of crystals.

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Archibald Low

Archibald Montgomery Low (17 October 1888 – 13 September 1956) was an English consulting engineer, research physicist and inventor, and author of more than 40 books.

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Archie G. Worthing

Archie Garfield Worthing was president of the Optical Society of America from 1941-42.

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Archimedean point

An Archimedean point (or "Punctum Archimedis") is a hypothetical vantage point from which an observer can objectively perceive the subject of inquiry, with a view of totality.

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Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse (Ἀρχιμήδης) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.

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Archimedes number

In viscous fluid dynamics, the Archimedes number (Ar) (not to be confused with Archimedes' constant, π), named after the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes is used to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences.

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Archimedes' principle

Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces and acts in the upward direction at the center of mass of the displaced fluid.

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Architectural acoustics

Architectural acoustics (also known as room acoustics and building acoustics) is the science and engineering of achieving a good sound within a building and is a branch of acoustical engineering.

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Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis

The Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis is a scientific journal that is devoted to research in mechanics as a deductive, mathematical science.

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Archytas

Archytas (Ἀρχύτας; 428–347 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist.

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Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver

ACBAR was an experiment to measure the anisotropy of the Cosmic microwave background.

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Arctowski Medal

The Arctowski Medal is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for studies in solar physics and solar-terrestrial relationships." Named in honor of Henryk Arctowski, it was first awarded in 1969.

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Ardeshir Hosseinpour

Ardeshir Hosseinpour (اردشير حسين پور., 1962 – 15 January 2007) was an Iranian nuclear scientist, physics professor, and an expert on electromagnetism.

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ArDM

The ArDM (Argon Dark Matter) Experiment is a particle physics experiment based on a liquid argon detector, aiming at measuring signals from WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which probably constitute the Dark Matter in the universe.

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Area density

The areal density (also known as area density, surface density, superficial density, or density thickness) of a two-dimensional object is calculated as the mass per unit area.

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Area rule

The Whitcomb area rule, also called the transonic area rule, is a design technique used to reduce an aircraft's drag at transonic and supersonic speeds, particularly between Mach 0.75 and 1.2.

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Areal velocity

In classical mechanics, areal velocity (also called sector velocity or sectorial velocity) is the rate at which area is swept out by a particle as it moves along a curve.

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Arend Joan Rutgers

Arend Joan Rutgers (October 20, 1903 in Almelo, Netherlands – September 2, 1998 in Almen) was a Dutch/Belgian physical chemist.

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Areostationary orbit

An areostationary orbit or areosynchronous equatorial orbit (abbreviated AEO) is a circular areo­synchronous orbit in the Martian equatorial plane about above the surface, any point on which revolves about Mars in the same direction and with the same period as the Martian surface.

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Areosynchronous orbit

Areosynchronous orbits (ASO) are a class of synchronous orbits for artificial satellites around the planet Mars.

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Argo (oceanography)

Argo is an international program that uses profiling floats to observe temperature, salinity, currents, and, recently, bio-optical properties in the Earth's oceans; it has been operational since the early 2000s.

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Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System

The Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) is a scientific user facility at Argonne National Laboratory.

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Argument of periapsis

The argument of periapsis (also called argument of perifocus or argument of pericenter), symbolized as ω, is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body.

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ARGUS (experiment)

ARGUS (A Russian-German-United States-Swedish Collaboration; later joined by Canada and the former Yugoslavia) was a particle physics experiment that ran at the electron-positron collider ring DORIS II at DESY.

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ARGUS distribution

In physics, the ARGUS distribution, named after the particle physics experiment ARGUS, is the probability distribution of the reconstructed invariant mass of a decayed particle candidate in continuum background.

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Argus laser

Argus was a two-beam high power infrared neodymium doped silica glass laser with a output aperture built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1976 for the study of inertial confinement fusion.

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Arie Andries Kruithof

Arie Andries Kruithof (1909, Zeist (NL) – 1993, Son en Breugel (NL)) was a Dutch professor of applied physics at Eindhoven University of Technology (Netherlands).

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Arie Bodek

Arie Bodek (born 1947) is an American experimental particle physicist and the George E. Pake Professor of Physics at the University of Rochester.

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Aristotelian physics

Aristotelian physics is a form of natural science described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–).

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory

Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory focuses on the study of cosmogenic isotopes, and in particular the study of radiocarbon, or Carbon-14.

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Arkady Migdal

Arkady Beynusovich (Benediktovich) Migdal (Арка́дий Бе́йнусович (Бенеди́ктович) Мигда́л; Lida, Russian Empire, 11 March 1911 – Princeton, United States, 9 February 1991) was a Soviet physicist and member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

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Arlie Petters

Arlie Oswald Petters, MBE (born February 8, 1964) is a Belizean-American mathematical physicist, who is the Benjamin Powell Professor of Mathematics and a Professor Physics and Economics at Duke University.

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Armand de Waele

Armand Michel A. de Waele (17 November 1887 – December 1966) was a British chemist, noted for his contributions to rheology, and after whom the Ostwald-de Waele relationship for non-Newtonian fluids is named.

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Armature (electrical engineering)

In electrical engineering, an armature is the power-producing component of an electric machine.

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Arne Bjerhammar

Arne Bjerhammar (September 15, 1917 – February 6, 2011) was a Swedish geodesist.

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Arno Allan Penzias

Arno Allan Penzias (born 26 April 1933) is an American physicist, radio astronomer and Nobel laureate in physics who is co-discoverer of the cosmic microwave background radiation along with Robert Woodrow Wilson, which helped establish the Big Bang theory of cosmology.

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Arnold diffusion

In applied mathematics, Arnold diffusion is the phenomenon of instability of integrable Hamiltonian systems.

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Arnold Eucken

Arnold Eucken (3 July 1884 – 16 June 1950) was a German chemist and physicist.

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Arnold Flammersfeld

Arnold Rudolf Karl Flammersfeld (February 10, 1913 – January 5, 2001) was a German nuclear physicist who worked on the German nuclear energy project during World War II.

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Arnold Kosevich

Arnold M. Kosevich (Арнольд Маркович Косевич Arnoľd Markovič Kosevič, Косевич Kosevyč; July 7, 1928 – October 3, 2006) was a Soviet Ukrainian physicist, known for contributions to the electron theory of metals and the theory of crystals.

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Arnold Kramish

Arnold Kramish (June 6, 1923 – June 15, 2010) was an American nuclear physicist and author who was associated with the Manhattan Project.

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Arnold Sommerfeld

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld, (5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics, and also educated and mentored a large number of students for the new era of theoretical physics.

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Arrayed waveguide grating

Arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) are commonly used as optical (de)multiplexers in wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems.

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Arrow of time

The Arrow of Time, or Time's Arrow, is a concept developed in 1927 by the British astronomer Arthur Eddington involving the "one-way direction" or "asymmetry" of time.

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ARROW waveguide

In optics, an anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) is a waveguide that uses the principle of thin-film interference to guide light with low loss.

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Arseny Sokolov

Arseny Alexandrovich Sokolov (Арсе́ний Алекса́ндрович Соколо́в; 19 March 1910 – 19 October 1986) was a Russian theoretical physicist known for the development of synchrotron radiation theory.

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Artem Alikhanian

Artem Isahaki (Isaakovich) Alikhanian (Արտեմ Ալիխանյան, Артём Исаакович Алиханьян, 24 June 1908 – 25 February 1978) was a Soviet Armenian physicist, one of the founders and first director of the Yerevan Physics Institute, a correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1946), academic of the Armenian Academy of Sciences.

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Arthur Ashkin

Arthur Ashkin (born September 2, 1922) is an American scientist who worked at Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies.

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Arthur B. C. Walker Jr.

Arthur Bertram Cuthbert Walker Jr. (August 24, 1936 – April 29, 2001) was a solar physicist and a pioneer of EUV/XUV optics.

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Arthur B. McDonald

Arthur Bruce McDonald, P.Eng, (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist.

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Arthur C. Hardy

Arthur Cobb Hardy (1895–1977) was president of the Optical Society of America from 1935-36.

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Arthur Compton

Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation.

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Arthur Covington

Arthur Edwin Covington (21 September 1913 – 17 March 2001) was a Canadian physicist who made the first radio astronomy measurements in Canada.

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Arthur Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician of the early 20th century who did his greatest work in astrophysics.

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Arthur Edward Ruark

Arthur Edward Ruark (1899–1979) was an American physicist who actively played a role in the development of quantum mechanics.

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Arthur Erich Haas

Arthur Erich Haas (April 30, 1884 in Brno – February 20, 1941 in Chicago) was an Austrian physicist, noted for a 1910 paper he submitted in support of his habilitation as Privatdocent at the University of Vienna that outlined a treatment of the hydrogen atom involving quantization of electronic orbitals, thus anticipating the Bohr model (1913) by three years.

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Arthur F. Turner

Arthur F. Turner was president of the Optical Society of America in 1968.

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Arthur Geoffrey Walker

Arthur Geoffrey Walker (17 July 1909 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 31 March 2001) was a leading mathematician who made important contributions to physics and physical cosmology.

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Arthur Gordon Webster

Arthur Gordon Webster (November 28, 1863 – May 15, 1923), physicist, was a founder and president of the American Physical Society.

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Arthur H. Rosenfeld

Arthur Hinton "Art" Rosenfeld (June 22, 1926 – January 27, 2017) was a UC Berkeley physicist and California energy commissioner, dubbed the "godfather of energy efficiency", for developing new standards which helped improve energy efficiency in California and subsequently worldwide.

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Arthur Iberall

Arthur S. Iberall (June 12, 1918 – December 8, 2002) was an American physicist/hydrodynamicist and engineer who pioneered homeokinetics, the physics of complex, self-organizing systems.

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Arthur Jaffe

Arthur Michael Jaffe (born December 22, 1937) is an American mathematical physicist and a professor at Harvard University.

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Arthur Jeffrey Dempster

Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (August 14, 1886 – March 11, 1950) was a Canadian-American physicist best known for his work in mass spectrometry and his discovery of the uranium isotope 235U.

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Arthur König

Arthur Peter König (September 13, 1856, Krefeld – October 26, 1901, Berlin) devoted his short life to physiological optics.

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Arthur Korn

Arthur Korn (May 20, 1870, Breslau, Germany – December 21/December 22, 1945, Jersey City, New Jersey) was a German physicist, mathematician and inventor.

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Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science

The Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science is a prize that has been awarded annually by the American Physical Society since 1991.

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Arthur Leonard Schawlow

Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist and co-inventor of the laser with Charles Townes.

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Arthur Louis Day

Arthur Louis Day (October 30, 1869 – March 2, 1960) was an American geophysicist and volcanologist.

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Arthur Maitland

Arthur Maitland was born on 7 December 1928 in Blackburn, England.

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Arthur Morin

Arthur Jules Morin (19 October 1795 – 7 February 1880) was a French physicist.

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Arthur Nowick

Arthur S. Nowick (29 August 1923 – 20 July 2010) was an American materials scientist.

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Arthur R. von Hippel

Arthur Robert von Hippel (November 19, 1898 – December 31, 2003) was a German American materials scientist and physicist.

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Arthur Roberts (physicist)

Arthur Roberts (July 6, 1912 – April 22, 2004) was an American physicist and composer.

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Arthur Rucker

Sir Arthur William Rucker (or Rücker), FRS (23 October 1848, Clapham Park, London, England – 1 November 1915, Yattendon, Berkshire) was a British physicist.

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Arthur S. Lodge

Arthur Scott Lodge (20 November 1922 – 24 June 2005) was a prominent rheologist and the originator of the Lodge elastic liquid constitutive equation and inventor of the Lodge Stressmeter.

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Arthur Schuster

Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster FRS FRSE (12 September 1851 – 17 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics.

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Arthur Scott King

Arthur Scott King (January 18, 1876 – April 17, 1957) was an American physicist and astrophysicist.

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Arthur Stanley Mackenzie

Arthur Stanley Mackenzie (September 20, 1865 – October 2, 1938) was a Canadian physicist and University President, born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, and educated at Dalhousie University, Halifax, and Johns Hopkins.

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Arthur Stewart Eve

Arthur Stewart Eve, CBE, FRS, FRSC (22 November 1862 – 24 March 1948) was an English physicist who worked in Canada.

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Arthur von Oettingen

Arthur Joachim von Oettingen (28 March 1836 – 5 September 1920) was a Baltic German physicist and music theorist who was born at the Luua Manor (Ludenhof), Tartu County, Livonia.

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Arthur W. Barton

Arthur Willoughby Barton (14 September 1899 – 24 August 1976) was a noted headmaster, academic author and top-class football referee.

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Arthur Wehnelt

Arthur Rudolph Berthold Wehnelt (April 4, 1871 in Rio de Janeiro – February 15, 1944 in Berlin) was a German physicist, noted for important contributions in the fields of X-ray physics, gas discharges and electron emission.

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Arthur Wightman

Arthur Strong Wightman (March 30, 1922 – January 13, 2013) was an American mathematical physicist.

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Arthur Williams Wright

Arthur Williams Wright (September 8, 1836 – December 19, 1915) was an American physicist.

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Arthur Zajonc

Arthur Guy Zajonc (born 11 October 1949, Boston, Massachusetts) is a physicist and the author of several books related to science, mind, and spirit; one of these is based on dialogues about quantum mechanics with the Dalai Lama.

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Artificial dielectrics

Artificial dielectrics are fabricated electromagnetic materials consisting of synthetic substances, usually constructed in an orderly arrangement, such as arrays.

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Artificial disintegration

Artificial disintegration is the term coined by Ernest Rutherford for the process by which an atomic nucleus is broken down by bombarding it with high speed alpha particles, either from a particle accelerator, or a naturally decaying radioactive substance such as radium, as Rutherford originally used.

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Artificial gravity

Artificial gravity (sometimes referred to as pseudogravity) is the creation of an inertial force that mimics the effects of a gravitational force, usually by rotation.

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Artificial photosynthesis

Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that replicates the natural process of photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen; as an imitation of a natural process it is biomimetic.

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Artificial wave

Artificial waves are man-made waves usually created on a specially designed surface or in a pool.

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Artur Ekert

Artur Konrad Ekert FRS (born 19 September 1961 in Wrocław, Poland) is a British-Polish professor of quantum physics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, professorial fellow in quantum physics and cryptography at Merton College, Oxford, Lee Kong Chian Centennial Professor at the National University of Singapore and director of the Centre for Quantum Technologies (CQT).

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Arun K. Pati

Arun Kumar Pati is an Indian physicist notable for his research in quantum information and computation, the theory of geometric phases and its applications, as well as quantum mechanics.

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Arvind Rajaraman

Arvind Rajaraman is an Indian-born theoretical physicist and string theorist.

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ArXiv

arXiv (pronounced "archive") is a repository of electronic preprints (known as e-prints) approved for publication after moderation, that consists of scientific papers in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, and quantitative finance, which can be accessed online.

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Aryeh Kaplan

Aryeh Moshe Eliyahu Kaplan (אריה משה אליהו קפלן.; October 23, 1934 – January 28, 1983) was an American Orthodox rabbi and author known for his knowledge of physics and kabbalah.

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ASA Gold Medal

The ASA Gold Medal is an annual award presented by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA) to individuals in recognition of outstanding contributions to acoustics.

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ASA Silver Medal

The ASA Silver Medal is an award presented by the Acoustical Society of America to individuals, without age limitation, for contributions to the advancement of science, engineering, or human welfare through the application of acoustic principles or through research accomplishments in acoustics.

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Asad Naqvi

Professor Asad Naqvi (Urdu:أسد نقوی), works at Goldman Sachs.

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Asım Orhan Barut

Asım Orhan Barut (June 6, 1926 – December 5, 1994) was a Turkish-American theoretical physicist.

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Asbestiform

Asbestiform is a crystal habit.

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Ascher H. Shapiro

Ascher Herman Shapiro (May 20, 1916 – November 26, 2004) was a professor of Mechanical Engineering at MIT.

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ASDEX Upgrade

ASDEX Upgrade (Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment) is a divertor tokamak, that went into operation at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Garching in 1991.

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Asher A. Friesem

Asher A. Friesem is a professor at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.

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Asher Peres

Asher Peres (אשר פרס; January 30, 1934 – January 1, 2005) was an Israeli physicist, considered a pioneer in quantum information theory, as well as the connections between quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity.

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Ashesh Prosad Mitra

Ashesh Prosad Mitra FNA, FASc, FRS (21 February 1927 – 3 September 2007) was a physicist who headed the National Physics Laboratory in Delhi, India and was the Director General of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).

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Ashok Das

Ashok Das (born March 23, 1953) is an Indian American theoretical physicist, an author and award-winning teacher of Physics.

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Ashoke Sen

Ashoke Sen, FRS (born 1956) is an Indian theoretical physicist and distinguished professor at the Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Allahabad.

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Ashtekar variables

In the ADM formulation of general relativity, spacetime is split into spatial slices and a time axis.

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Asian African Association for Plasma Training

The Asian African Association for Plasma Training, or AAAPT, is an organization/network founded on 7 June 1988 to provide facilities for plasma research by small research groups in developing countries.

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Askaryan radiation

The Askaryan radiation also known as Askaryan effect is the phenomenon whereby a particle traveling faster than the phase velocity of light in a dense dielectric (such as salt, ice or the lunar regolith) produces a shower of secondary charged particles which contain a charge anisotropy and thus emits a cone of coherent radiation in the radio or microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Askaryan Radio Array

The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is a new detector designed to detect a few GZK neutrinos a year.

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Aspect ratio (aeronautics)

In aeronautics, the aspect ratio of a wing is the ratio of its span to its mean chord.

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Aspera European Astroparticle network

ASPERA (or AStroParticle European Research Area) is a network of national government agencies responsible for coordinating and funding national research efforts in Astroparticle Physics.

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Asperity (materials science)

In materials science, asperity, defined as "unevenness of surface, roughness, ruggedness" (OED, from the Latin asper — "rough"), has implications (for example) in physics and seismology.

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Aspheric lens

An aspheric lens or asphere is a lens whose surface profiles are not portions of a sphere or cylinder.

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Aspirator (pump)

An aspirator is a type of ejector-jet pump, which produces vacuum by means of the Venturi effect.

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Associated Legendre polynomials

In mathematics, the associated Legendre polynomials are the canonical solutions of the general Legendre equation or equivalently where the indices ℓ and m (which are integers) are referred to as the degree and order of the associated Legendre polynomial respectively.

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Association of Los Alamos Scientists

The Association of Los Alamos Scientists (ALAS) was founded on 30 August 1945, by a group of scientists, who had worked on the development of the atomic bomb at the Los Alamos Laboratory, a division of the Manhattan Project.

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Asterix IV laser

The Asterix IV laser in Prague (commonly referred to by the acronym PALS for Prague Asterix Laser System) is a high power photolytically pumped iodine gas laser capable of producing ~300 to 500 picosecond long pulses of light at the fundamental line of 1.315 micrometres wavelength with a total energy of about 1 kilojoule (or tripled to the third harmonic at 438 nanometers with lower pulse energies) and peak powers of around 3 terawatts.

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Asteroseismology

Asteroseismology or astroseismology is the study of oscillations in stars.

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Astigmatism (optical systems)

An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci.

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ASTM Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation Thermometry

ASTM Subcommittee E20.02 on Radiation Thermometry is a subcommittee of the ASTM Committee E20 on Temperature Measurement, a committee of ASTM International.

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ASTRA (reactor)

ASTRA was a type of nuclear research reactor built in Seibersdorf, Austria near Vienna, at the site of the former Austrian Reactor Center Seibersdorf which now forms part of the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT).

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ASTRID

ASTRID (Aarhus STorage RIng in Demmark) is a particle storage ring at the Department of Physics and Astronomy of Aarhus University.

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Astro Space Center (Russia)

This enclave of scientific research is officially known as Astro Space Center of PN Lebedev Physics Institute, (ASC LPI) and is under the purview of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Astrochemistry

Astrochemistry is the study of the abundance and reactions of molecules in the Universe, and their interaction with radiation.

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Astron (fusion reactor)

The Astron is a type of fusion power device pioneered by Nicholas Christofilos and built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory during the 1960s and 70s.

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Astronautics

Astronautics (or cosmonautics) is the theory and practice of navigation beyond Earth's atmosphere.

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Astronomia nova

Astronomia nova (English: New Astronomy, full title in original Latin: Astronomia Nova ΑΙΤΙΟΛΟΓΗΤΟΣ seu physica coelestis, tradita commentariis de motibus stellae Martis ex observationibus G.V. Tychonis Brahe) is a book, published in 1609, that contains the results of the astronomer Johannes Kepler's ten-year-long investigation of the motion of Mars.

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Astronomical seeing

Astronomical seeing is the blurring and twinkling of astronomical objects like stars due to turbulent mixing in the Earth's atmosphere, causing variations of the optical refractive index.

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Astronomical spectroscopy

Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and radio, which radiates from stars and other celestial objects.

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Astronomical system of units

The astronomical system of units, formally called the IAU (1976) System of Astronomical Constants, is a system of measurement developed for use in astronomy.

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Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

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Astronomy & Astrophysics

Astronomy & Astrophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.

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Astronomy & Geophysics

Astronomy & Geophysics (A&G) is a scientific journal and trade magazine published on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) by Oxford University Press.

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Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey

The Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey is a review of astronomy and astrophysics literature produced approximately every ten years by the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States.

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Astronomy Letters

Astronomy Letters (Russian: Pis’ma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal) is a Russian peer-reviewed scientific journal.

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Astronomy Reports

Astronomy Reports (Russian: Астрономический журнал), is a Russian, monthly, peer reviewed, scientific journal.

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Astroparticle physics

Astroparticle physics, also called particle astrophysics, is a branch of particle physics that studies elementary particles of astronomical origin and their relation to astrophysics and cosmology.

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Astroparticle Physics (journal)

Astroparticle Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering experimental and theoretical research in the interacting fields of cosmic ray physics, astronomy and astrophysics, cosmology, and particle physics.

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Astrophysical plasma

An astrophysical plasma is a plasma (highly ionized gas) that occurs beyond the solar system.

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Astrophysical X-ray source

Astrophysical X-ray sources are astronomical objects with physical properties which result in the emission of X-rays.

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Astrophysics

Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".

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Astrophysics and Space Science

Astrophysics and Space Science is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering astronomy, astrophysics, and space science and astrophysical aspects of astrobiology.

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Astrophysics Data System

The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is an online database of over eight million astronomy and physics papers from both peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources.

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Asymmetry of lift

Asymmetry of lift describes an aspect of the nature of aerodynamic lift generation along the length of an individual rotor blade of a helicopter.

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Asymptotic freedom

In particle physics, asymptotic freedom is a property of some gauge theories that causes interactions between particles to become asymptotically weaker as the energy scale increases and the corresponding length scale decreases.

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Asymptotic homogenization

In mathematics and physics, homogenization is a method of studying partial differential equations with rapidly oscillating coefficients,Sanchez-Palencia, E: "Non-homogeneous media and vibration theory, Springer Verlag, 1980 Bakhvalov, N. and Panasenko, G: "Homogenization: Averaging Processes in Periodic Media", Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1989 Bensoussan, A., Lions, J.L. and Papanicolaou, G., "Asymptotic Analysis for Periodic Structures", North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978 such as \nabla\cdot\left(A\left(\frac\right)\nabla u_\right).

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Asymptotically flat spacetime

An asymptotically flat spacetime is a Lorentzian manifold in which, roughly speaking, the curvature vanishes at large distances from some region, so that at large distances, the geometry becomes indistinguishable from that of Minkowski spacetime.

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Ataç İmamoğlu

Ataç İmamoğlu (born August 12, 1964 in Minneapolis, USA) is a Turkish-US physicist working on quantum optics and quantum computation.

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Atacama Large Millimeter Array

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.

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Athene Donald

Dame Athene Margaret Donald (née Griffith; born 15 May 1953) is a British physicist.

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Atkinson friction factor

Atkinson friction factor is a measure of the resistance to airflow of a duct.

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Atkinson resistance

Atkinson resistance is commonly used in mine ventilation to characterise the resistance to airflow of a duct of irregular size and shape, such as a mine roadway.

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ATLAS experiment

ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) is one of the seven particle detector experiments constructed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland.

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Atmosphere

An atmosphere is a layer or a set of layers of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

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Atmosphere of Titan

The atmosphere of Titan is the layer of gases surrounding Titan, the largest moon of Saturn.

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Atmosphere of Uranus

The atmosphere of Uranus is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium.

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Atmospheric diffraction

Atmospheric diffraction is manifested in the following principal ways.

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Atmospheric duct

In telecommunications, an atmospheric duct is a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere in which the vertical refractive index gradients are such that radio signals (and light rays) are guided or ducted, tend to follow the curvature of the Earth, and experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not present.

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Atmospheric dynamo

The Atmospheric dynamo is a pattern of electrical currents that are set up in the Earth's ionosphere by multiple effects, mostly the Sun's solar wind, but also the tides of the Moon and Sun.

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Atmospheric entry

Atmospheric entry is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet or natural satellite.

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Atmospheric methane

Atmospheric methane is the methane present in earth's atmosphere.

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Atmospheric physics

Atmospheric physics is the application of physics to the study of the atmosphere.

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Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).

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Atmospheric pressure discharge

An atmospheric pressure discharge is an electrical discharge in air at atmospheric pressure.

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Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility (ARM Climate Research Facility) is a United States Department of Energy scientific user facility for the study of global climate change by the national and international research community.

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Atmospheric radiative transfer codes

An Atmospheric radiative transfer model, code, or simulator calculates radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation through a planetary atmosphere, such as the Earth's.

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Atmospheric refraction

Atmospheric refraction is the deviation of light or other electromagnetic wave from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation in air density as a function of height.

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Atmospheric sciences

Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems.

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Atmospheric sounding

An atmospheric sounding is a measurement of vertical distribution of physical properties of the atmospheric column such as pressure, temperature, wind speed and wind direction (thus deriving wind shear), liquid water content, ozone concentration, pollution, and other properties.

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Atmospheric thermodynamics

Atmospheric thermodynamics is the study of heat-to-work transformations (and their reverse) that take place in the earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate.

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Atmospheric wave

An atmospheric wave is a periodic disturbance in the fields of atmospheric variables (like surface pressure or geopotential height, temperature, or wind velocity) which may either propagate (traveling wave) or not (standing wave).

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Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure (105 Pa), commonly coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

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Atmospheric-pressure plasma

Atmospheric-pressure plasma (or AP plasma or normal pressure plasma) is a plasma in which the pressure approximately matches that of the surrounding atmosphere – the so-called normal pressure.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Atom (Asimov book)

Atom: Journey Across the Subatomic Cosmos is a non-fiction book by Isaac Asimov.

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Atom laser

An atom laser is a coherent state of propagating atoms.

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Atom optics

Atom optics (or atomic optics) is the area of physics which deals with beams of cold, slowly moving neutral atoms, as a special case of a particle beam.

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Atom probe

The atom probe was introduced at the by Erwin Wilhelm Müller and J. A. Panitz.

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Atom vibrations

The atoms and ions of a crystalline lattice, which are bonded with each other with considerable inter molecular forces, are not motionless.

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Atomic and molecular astrophysics

Atomic astrophysics is concerned with performing atomic physics calculations that will be useful to astronomers and using atomic data to interpret astronomical observations.

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Atomic battery

The terms atomic battery, nuclear battery, tritium battery and radioisotope generator are used to describe a device which uses energy from the decay of a radioactive isotope to generate electricity.

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Atomic beam

Atomic beam is special case of particle beam; it is the collimated flux (beam) of neutral atoms.

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Atomic clock

An atomic clock is a clock device that uses an electron transition frequency in the microwave, optical, or ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum of atoms as a frequency standard for its timekeeping element.

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Atomic coherence

In physics, atomic coherence is the induced coherence between levels of a multi-level atomic system sometimes observed when it interacts with a coherent electromagnetic field.

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Atomic diffusion

Vacancy diffusion is a diffusion process whereby the random thermally-activated movement of atoms in a solid results in the net transport of atoms.

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Atomic electron transition

Atomic electron transition is a change of an electron from one energy level to another within an atom or artificial atom.

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Atomic Energy of Canada Limited

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL; Énergie atomique du Canada limitée (EACL)) is a Canadian federal Crown corporation and Canada's largest nuclear science and technology laboratory.

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Atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.

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Atomic form factor

In physics, the atomic form factor, or atomic scattering factor, is a measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom.

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Atomic fountain

An atomic fountain is a cloud of atoms that is tossed upwards in the Earth's gravitational field by lasers.

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Atomic line filter

An atomic line filter (ALF) is an advanced optical band-pass filter used in the physical sciences for filtering electromagnetic radiation with precision, accuracy, and minimal signal strength loss.

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Atomic mirror

In physics, an atomic mirror is a device which reflects neutral atoms in the similar way as a conventional mirror reflects visible light.

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Atomic nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.

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Atomic number

The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Atomic orbital

In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom.

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Atomic packing factor

In crystallography, atomic packing factor (APF), packing efficiency or packing fraction is the fraction of volume in a crystal structure that is occupied by constituent particles.

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Atomic physics

Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus.

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Atomic ratio

The atomic ratio is a measure of the ratio of atoms of one kind (i) to another kind (j).

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Atomic spacing

Atomic spacing refers to the distance between the nuclei of atoms in a material.

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Atomic theory

In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms.

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Atomic units

Atomic units (au or a.u.) form a system of natural units which is especially convenient for atomic physics calculations.

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Atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter-matter and light-matter interactions; at the scale of one or a few atoms and energy scales around several electron volts.

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Atomichron

The Atomichron was the world's first commercial atomic clock, built by the National Company, Inc of Malden, Massachusetts.

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Atomics International

Atomics International was a division of the North American Aviation company (later acquired by the Rockwell International company) which engaged principally in the early development of nuclear technology and nuclear reactors for both commercial and government applications.

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Atomism

Atomism (from Greek ἄτομον, atomon, i.e. "uncuttable", "indivisible") is a natural philosophy that developed in several ancient traditions.

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Atomistix Virtual NanoLab

Atomistix Virtual NanoLab (VNL) is a commercial point-and-click software for simulation and analysis of physical and chemical properties of nanoscale devices.

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ATOMKI

ATOMKI is the Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

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Attenuation

In physics, attenuation or, in some contexts, extinction is the gradual loss of flux intensity through a medium.

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Attenuation coefficient

Attenuation coefficient or narrow beam attenuation coefficient of the volume of a material characterizes how easily it can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.

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Attenuation length

In physics, the attenuation length or absorption length is the distance \lambda into a material when the probability has dropped to 1/e that a particle has not been absorbed.

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Attophysics

Attophysics also known as attoscience is a branch of physics wherein attosecond (10−18 s) duration pulses of electrons or photons are used to probe dynamic processes in matter with unprecedented time resolution.

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Atwood machine

The Atwood machine (or Atwood's machine) was invented in 1784 by the English mathematician George Atwood as a laboratory experiment to verify the mechanical laws of motion with constant acceleration.

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Atwood number

The Atwood number (A) is a dimensionless number in fluid dynamics used in the study of hydrodynamic instabilities in density stratified flows.

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Audio frequency

An audio frequency (abbreviation: AF) or audible frequency is characterized as a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human.

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Audio power

Audio power is the electrical power transferred from an audio amplifier to a loudspeaker, measured in watts.

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Aufbau principle

The aufbau principle states that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels.

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Auger effect

The Auger effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom.

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Auger electron spectroscopy

Hanford scientist uses an Auger electron spectrometer to determine the elemental composition of surfaces. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials science.

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August Beer

August Beer (31 July 1825 – 18 November 1863) was a German physicist, chemist, and mathematician of Jewish descent.

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August Herman Pfund

August Herman Pfund (December 28, 1879 – January 4, 1949) was an American-born physicist, spectroscopist, and inventor.

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August Krönig

August Karl Krönig (20 September 1822 – 5 June 1879) was a German chemist and physicist who published an account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1856, probably after reading a paper by John James Waterston.

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August Kundt

August Adolf Eduard Eberhard Kundt (18 November 183921 May 1894) was a German physicist.

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August Musger

Professor August Musger (February 10, 1868 – October 30, 1929) was an Austrian priest and physicist who is best remembered for his invention of slow motion.

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August Seebeck

August Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm Seebeck (27 December 1805 in Jena – 19 March 1849 in Dresden) was a scientist at the Technische Universität Dresden.

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August Seydler

August Jan Bedřich Seydler (1 June 1849 – 22 June 1891), aka August Johann Friedrich Seydler, was a distinguished Czech astronomer, theoretical physicist, and professor at Charles University in Prague.

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August Toepler

August Joseph Ignaz Toepler (7 September 1836 – 6 March 1912) was a German physicist known for his experiments in electrostatics.

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August Witkowski

August Wiktor Witkowski (12 October 1854 - 12 January 1913), was a Polish physicist, professor and rector of Jagiellonian University in Kraków.

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Auguste Bravais

Auguste Bravais (23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law.

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Auguste Piccard

Auguste Antoine Piccard (28 January 1884 – 24 March 1962) was a Swiss physicist, inventor and explorer, known for his record-breaking helium-filled balloon flights, with which he studied Earth's upper atmosphere and cosmic rays, and for his invention of the first bathyscaphe, FNRS-2, with which he made a number of unmanned dives in 1948 to explore the ocean's depths.

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Augustin-Jean Fresnel

Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 178814 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.

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Augustin-Louis Cauchy

Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy FRS FRSE (21 August 178923 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer and physicist who made pioneering contributions to several branches of mathematics, including: mathematical analysis and continuum mechanics.

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Augusto Righi

Augusto Righi (27 August 1850 – 8 June 1920) was an Italian physicist and a pioneer in the study of electromagnetism.

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Augustus William Smith

Augustus William Smith (May 12, 1802 – March 26, 1866) was an educator, astronomer and mathematician in the mid-19th century.

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Aureole effect

The aureole effect or water aureole is an optical phenomenon similar to Heiligenschein, creating sparkling light and dark rays radiating from the shadow of the viewer's head.

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Aurora

An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).

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Aurora of November 17, 1882

The Aurora of November 17, 1882 was a geomagnetic storm and associated aurora event, widely reported in the media of the time.

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Auroral chorus

An auroral chorus is a series of electromagnetic waves at frequencies which resemble chirps, whistles, and quasi-musical sounds in predominantly rising tones when played as pressure waves (sound), which are created by geomagnetic storms also responsible for the auroras.

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AUSM

AUSM stands for Advection Upstream Splitting Method.

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Austin Model 1

Austin Model 1, or AM1, is a semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of molecular electronic structure in computational chemistry.

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Australian Atomic Energy Commission

The Australian Atomic Energy Commission (AAEC) was a statutory body of the Australian government.

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Australian Journal of Physics

The Australian Journal of Physics was a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in Australia.

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Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation

The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is a statutory body of the Australian government, formed in 1987 to replace the Australian Atomic Energy Commission.

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Australian Synchrotron

1 Electron gun 2 Linear accelerator (linac) 3 Booster ring 4 Storage ring 5 Beamline 6 Endstation (or experimental workstation, i.e., laboratory) --> The Australian Synchrotron is a 3 GeV national synchrotron radiation facility located in Clayton, in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Victoria, which opened in 2007.

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Autler–Townes effect

In spectroscopy, the Autler–Townes effect, named after American physicists Stanley Autler and Charles Townes, is a type of the dynamical (also known as AC) Stark effect, corresponding to the case when an oscillating electric field (e.g., that of a laser) is tuned in resonance (or close) to the transition frequency of a given spectral line, and resulting in a change of the shape of the absorption/emission spectra of that spectral line.

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Autocollimation

Autocollimation is an optical setup where a collimated beam (of parallel light rays) leaves an optical system and is reflected back into the same system by a plane mirror.

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Autocollimator

An autocollimator is an optical instrument for non-contact measurement of angles.

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Autodynamics

Autodynamics was a physics theory proposed by Ricardo Carezani in the early 1940s as a replacement for Einstein's theories of special relativity and general relativity.

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Automated radioxenon sampler analyzer

The automated radioxenon sampler-analyzer (ARSA) was designed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in the late 1990s with funding and support from the U.S. Department of Energy.

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Automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay

The automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay is part of the computational particle physics branch.

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Automobile drag coefficient

The drag coefficient is a common measure in automotive design as it pertains to aerodynamics.

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Autonomous system (mathematics)

In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable.

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Autorotation

Autorotation is a state of flight in which the main rotor system of a helicopter or similar aircraft turns by the action of air moving up through the rotor, as with an autogyro, rather than engine power driving the rotor.

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Autostereoscopy

Autostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic images (adding binocular perception of 3D depth) without the use of special headgear or glasses on the part of the viewer.

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Auxetics

Auxetics are structures or materials that have a negative Poisson's ratio.

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Auxiliary field

In physics, and especially quantum field theory, an auxiliary field is one whose equations of motion admit a single solution.

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Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo

Auxiliary-field Monte Carlo is a method that allows the calculation, by use of Monte Carlo techniques, of averages of operators in many-body quantum mechanical (Blankenbecler 1981, Ceperley 1977) or classical problems (Baeurle 2004, Baeurle 2003, Baeurle 2002a).

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Available energy (particle collision)

In particle physics, the available energy is the energy in a particle collision available to produce new matter from the kinetic energy of the colliding particles.

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Avalanche breakdown

Avalanche breakdown is a phenomenon that can occur in both insulating and semiconducting materials.

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Avery Gilbert

Avery Gilbert is a self-described "smell scientist" and "sensory psychologist".

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Avi Loeb

Abraham (Avi) Loeb is an Israeli American theoretical physicist who works on astrophysics and cosmology.

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Avishai Dekel

Avishai Dekel (born 1951) is a professor of physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, holding the Andre Aisenstadt Chair of Theoretical Physics.

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Avogadro's law

Avogadro's law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis or Avogadro's principle) is an experimental gas law relating the volume of a gas to the amount of substance of gas present.

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Avrami equation

The Avrami equation describes how solids transform from one phase (state of matter) to another at constant temperature.

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Avshalom Elitzur

Avshalom Cyrus Elitzur (Hebrew אבשלום כורש אליצור; born 30 May 1957) is an Israeli physicist and philosopher.

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Axel Scherer

Axel Scherer is the Bernard Neches Professor of Electrical Engineering, Physics, and Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology.

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Axel T. Brunger

Axel T. Brunger (born November 25, 1956) is a German American biophysicist.

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Axial multipole moments

Axial multipole moments are a series expansion of the electric potential of a charge distribution localized close to the origin along one Cartesian axis, denoted here as the z-axis.

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Axial pen force

In graphonomics, Axial pen force is the component of the normal pen force that is parallel to the pen.

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Axial precession

In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis.

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Axial ratio

Axial ratio, for any structure or shape with two or more axes, is the ratio of the length (or magnitude) of those axes to each other - the longer axis divided by the shorter.

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Axial tilt

In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, or, equivalently, the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane.

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Axial-flow pump

An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that essentially consists of a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe.

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Axiality and rhombicity

In physics and mathematics, axiality and rhombicity are two characteristics of a symmetric second-rank tensor in three-dimensional Euclidean space, describing its directional asymmetry.

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Axicon

An axicon is a specialized type of lens which has a conical surface.

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Axilrod–Teller potential

The Axilrod–Teller potential is a three-body potential that results from a third-order perturbation correction to the attractive London dispersion interactions (instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole) V_.

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Axino

The axino is a hypothetical elementary particle predicted by some theories of particle physics.

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Axiomatic quantum field theory

Axiomatic quantum field theory is a mathematical discipline which aims to describe quantum field theory in terms of rigorous axioms.

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Axion

The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle postulated by the Peccei–Quinn theory in 1977 to resolve the strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD).

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Azeotrope

An azeotrope (gK, US) or a constant boiling point mixture is a mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be altered or changed by simple distillation.

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Azimuthal quantum number

The azimuthal quantum number is a quantum number for an atomic orbital that determines its orbital angular momentum and describes the shape of the orbital.

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Ángel Rodríguez Lozano

Ángel Rodríguez Lozano is a Spanish radio journalist and popularizer of science, best known as the creator and presenter of the program Vanguardia de la Ciencia, which was broadcast without interruption every week from April 1995 until June 2007.

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Ányos Jedlik

Ányos István Jedlik (Jedlik Ányos István; Štefan Anián Jedlík; in older texts and publications: Stephanus Anianus Jedlik; 11 January 1800 – 13 December 1895) was a Hungarian inventor, engineer, physicist, and Benedictine priest.

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Ångström

The ångström or angstrom is a unit of length equal to (one ten-billionth of a metre) or 0.1 nanometre.

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Coherent perfect absorber

A coherent perfect absorber (CPA), or anti-laser, is a device which absorbs coherent light and converts it to some form of internal energy such as heat or electrical energy.

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Cosmic age problem

The cosmic age problem is a historical problem in astronomy concerning the age of the universe.

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Cosmic ray

Cosmic rays are high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System and even from distant galaxies.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Edmond Becquerel

Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel (24 March 1820 – 11 May 1891), known as Edmond Becquerel, was a French physicist who studied the solar spectrum, magnetism, electricity and optics.

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Elastography

Elastography is a medical imaging modality that maps the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue.

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Electron configurations of the elements (data page)

This page shows the electron configurations of the neutral gaseous atoms in their ground states.

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Emission spectrum

The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an atom or molecule making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

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Force between magnets

Magnets exert forces and torques on each other due to the rules of electromagnetism.

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Galvanometer

A galvanometer is an electromechanical instrument used for detecting and indicating electric current.

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Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).

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Geomagnetic storm

A geomagnetic storm (commonly referred to as a solar storm) is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave and/or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field.

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Gluon

A gluon is an elementary particle that acts as the exchange particle (or gauge boson) for the strong force between quarks.

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IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal with the goal of rapid dissemination of short manuscripts in the antennas and wireless propagation domains.

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Large Electron–Positron Collider

The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) was one of the largest particle accelerators ever constructed.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), commonly referred to as Berkeley Lab, is a United States national laboratory located in the Berkeley Hills near Berkeley, California that conducts scientific research on behalf of the United States Department of Energy (DOE).

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List of minor planet discoverers

This is a list of all astronomers who are credited by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) with the discovery of one or several minor planets.

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Neutrino

A neutrino (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with half-integer spin) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.

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Neutron activation analysis

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a nuclear process used for determining the concentrations of elements in a vast amount of materials.

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Non-inertial reference frame

A non-inertial reference frame is a frame of reference that is undergoing acceleration with respect to an inertial frame.

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Nucleon

In chemistry and physics, a nucleon is either a proton or a neutron, considered in its role as a component of an atomic nucleus.

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Order and disorder

In physics, the terms order and disorder designate the presence or absence of some symmetry or correlation in a many-particle system.

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Phase (waves)

Phase is the position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle.

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Photon

The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).

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Plasma afterglow

A plasma afterglow (also afterglow) is the radiation emitted from a plasma after the source of ionization is removed.

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Plasma cosmology

Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmology whose central postulate is that the dynamics of ionized gases and plasmas play important, if not dominant, roles in the physics of the universe beyond the Solar System.

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Scaling dimension

In theoretical physics, scaling dimension, or simply dimension, of a local operator in a quantum field theory characterizes rescaling properties of the operator under spacetime dilations x\to \lambda x. If the quantum field theory is scale invariant, scaling dimensions of operators are fixed numbers, otherwise they are functions depending on the distance scale.

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Sloan Digital Sky Survey

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States.

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Snell's law

Snell's law (also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.

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Sonar

Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.

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Tensor

In mathematics, tensors are geometric objects that describe linear relations between geometric vectors, scalars, and other tensors.

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Transfer-matrix method (optics)

The transfer-matrix method is a method used in optics and acoustics to analyze the propagation of electromagnetic or acoustic waves through a stratified medium.

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Tunable metamaterial

A tunable metamaterial is a metamaterial with a variable response to an incident electromagnetic wave.

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Unified atomic mass unit

The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).

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VINITI Database RAS

VINITI Database RAS is a database provided by the All-Russian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_physics_articles_(A)