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230 relations: Alexander II of Russia, Andhra University, Andrei Zhdanov, Andres Larka, Andrus Kivirähk, Antanas Smetona, Anti-Soviet agitation, Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Ants Piip, Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code), August Rei, Autonomous Governorate of Estonia, Autonomy, Õhtuleht, Baltic Entente, Baltic Germans, Baltic governorates, Baltische Landeswehr, Bank of Estonia, Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Bust (sculpture), Butyrka prison, Candidate of Law, Chistopol, Communist Party of Germany, Corporate chambers (Estonia), Cross of Liberty (Estonia), Cult of personality, Decree, Delfi (web portal), Devaluation, Dieter Nohlen, Eastern Orthodox Church, Economy of Estonia, Eduard Vilde, Eesti Ekspress, Eesti Päevaleht, Ensign (rank), Era of Silence, Ernst Thälmann, Estonia, Estonia Theatre, Estonia–Russia relations, Estonian Academy of Sciences, Estonian Constituent Assembly election, 1919, Estonian constitutional referendum, October 1933, Estonian Declaration of Independence, Estonian Defence League, Estonian government-in-exile, Estonian kroon, ..., Estonian Labour Party, Estonian language, Estonian mark, Estonian National Assembly election, 1936, Estonian National Assembly referendum, 1936, Estonian national awakening, Estonian parliamentary election, 1920, Estonian parliamentary election, 1923, Estonian parliamentary election, 1926, Estonian parliamentary election, 1929, Estonian parliamentary election, 1932, Estonian parliamentary election, 1938, Estonian People's Party, Estonian Provincial Assembly election, 1917, Estonian Provisional Government, Estonian Salvation Committee, Estonian Socialist Workers' Party, Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, Estonian Sports Association Kalev, Estonian War of Independence, Estonians, Estonization, Farmers' Assemblies, Father of the Nation, February Revolution, Finland, Fraternitas Estica, Friedrich Akel, German Empire, German occupation of Estonia during World War I, Germany, Governess, Government of Estonia, Governorate of Estonia, Governorate of Livonia, Grand coalition, Great Depression, Grodno, Gulag, Harku, Head of State of Estonia, Heimtali, Heinrich Mark, Helsinki, Holstre, Hyperinflation, Imperial Russian Army, Independence Day (Estonia), India, Interregnum, Interwar period, Italy, Ivan Orav, Jaan Poska, Jaan Tõnisson, Jaan Teemant, Jämejala, Jüri Uluots, Jüri Vilms, Joakim Puhk, Johan Laidoner, Johannes Vares, Joseph Stalin, Juhan Kukk, Kaarel Eenpalu, Kadriorg, Kadriorg Palace, Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast, Karl Robert Pusta, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazan, Kārlis Ulmanis, Kloostrimetsa, Kresty Prison, Kultuur ja Elu, Labor camp, Latvia, Learned Estonian Society, Lennart Meri, Lithuania, Lutheranism, Magnus Ilmjärv, Military base, Minister of Defence (Estonia), Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia), Ministry of Defence (Estonia), Ministry of the Interior (Estonia), Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Moscow, Museum of Occupations, Narva, Narva River, National Centre Party (Estonia), National Committee of the Republic of Estonia, National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution, Nazi Germany, Nazism, NKVD, Oath of office, Occupation of the Baltic states, October Revolution, Operation Barbarossa, Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Order of the Estonian Red Cross, Order of the National Coat of Arms, Order of the White Star, Otto Strandman, Otto Tief, Parliamentary group, Patriotic League (Estonia), Pärnu, Pärnu Postimees, Põltsamaa, Pehmed ja karvased, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Personal union, Political satire, Postimees, President of Estonia, President of Finland, President-Regent, Prime Minister of Estonia, Pro Patria Union, Pskov, Puppetry, Red Army, Riga, Right-wing populism, Riigikogu, Russian Empire, Russian language, Russian Provisional Government, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russians in Estonia, Saint Petersburg, Sakala (newspaper), Self-coup, Settlers' Party, Siberia, Sirp, Social democracy, Solnechnoye, Saint Petersburg, Soviet ruble, Soviet Union, Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty, State decoration, State visit, Statism, Stockholm, Student council, Student riot, Sumner Welles, Supreme Court of Estonia, Switzerland, Tahkuranna, Tahkuranna Parish, Tallinn, Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu, Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Teataja, Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian), Tuberculosis, Tuulepealne maa, Tver, Tver Oblast, Ufa, Union of Settlers and Smallholders, United States, United States Secretary of State, University of Tartu, Vaps Movement, Videvik, Viljandi, Vyacheslav Molotov, Walk, Livonia, Western world, 1905 Russian Revolution, 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt. Expand index (180 more) »
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.
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Andhra University
The Andhra University (IAST: Āndhra Vișvakalāpariṣhat) is a public university located in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
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Andrei Zhdanov
Andrei Alexandrovich Zhdanov (p; – 31 August 1948) was a Soviet Communist Party leader and cultural ideologist.
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Andres Larka
ạ Andres Larka VR I/1 (5 March 1879 Pilistvere, Kabala Parish (now in Kõo Parish, Viljandi County) Estonia – 8 January 1943 Malmyzh, Kirov, Soviet Union) was an Estonian military commander during the Estonian War of Independence and a politician.
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Andrus Kivirähk
Andrus Kivirähk (born 17 August 1970) is an Estonian writer.
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Antanas Smetona
Antanas Smetona (10 August 1874 – 9 January 1944) was one of the most important Lithuanian political figures between World War I and World War II.
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Anti-Soviet agitation
Anti-Soviet Agitation and Propaganda (ASA) (Антисове́тская агита́ция и пропага́нда (АСА)) was a criminal offence in the Soviet Union.
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Anton Hansen Tammsaare
Anton Hansen Tammsaare (also known as A. H. Tammsaare; born Anton Hansen 30 January 1878 – 1 March 1940), was an Estonian writer whose pentalogy Truth and Justice (Tõde ja õigus; 1926–1933) is considered one of the major works of Estonian literature and "The Estonian Novel".
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Ants Piip
Ants Piip VR III/1 (in Tuhalaane – 1 October 1942 in Nyrobsky camp) was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician.
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Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code)
Article 58 of the Russian SFSR Penal Code was put in force on 25 February 1927 to arrest those suspected of counter-revolutionary activities.
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August Rei
August Rei VR III/1 (– 29 March 1963) was an Estonian Social Democratic politician.
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Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
The local autonomy in Estonia (Эстляндия) was established as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Autonomy
In development or moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision.
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Õhtuleht
Õhtuleht (Evening Paper) is the second largest daily newspaper in Estonia.
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Baltic Entente
The Baltic Entente was based on Treaty of Good-Understanding and Co-operation signed between Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on September 12, 1934 in Geneva.
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Baltic Germans
The Baltic Germans (Deutsch-Balten or Deutschbalten, later Baltendeutsche) are ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia.
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Baltic governorates
The Baltic governorates (Прибалтийские губернии), originally the Ostsee governorates (Ostseegouvernements, Остзейские губернии), was a collective name for the administrative units of the Russian Empire set up in the territories of Swedish Estonia, Swedish Livonia (1721) and, afterwards, of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1795).
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Baltische Landeswehr
The Baltic Landwehr or Baltische Landeswehr ("Baltic Territorial Army") was the name of the unified armed forces of the Couronian and Livonian nobility from 7 December 1918 to 3 July 1919.
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Bank of Estonia
The Bank of Estonia (Eesti Pank) is the central bank of Estonia as well as a member of the Eurosystem organisation of euro area central banks.
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Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Башҡорт Автономиялы Совет Социалистик Республикаhы; Башкирская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика, Bashkirskaya Avtonomnaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika); also known as Soviet Bashkortostan or simply Bashkortostan was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian SFSR.
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Bust (sculpture)
A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human figure, depicting a person's head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.
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Butyrka prison
Butyrka prison (Бутырка, a colloquial term for the official Бутырская тюрьма, Butyrskaya tyurma) is a prison in the Tverskoy District of central Moscow, Russia.
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Candidate of Law
Candidate of Law (candidatus/candidata juris, cand.jur., cand.jur., jur.kand, oik.) is the degree awarded to jurists who have passed the law exam in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland after studying law for about 5–6 years.
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Chistopol
Chistopol (Чи́стополь; Çistay; Чистай) is a town in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kuybyshev Reservoir, on the Kama River.
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Communist Party of Germany
The Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, KPD) was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956.
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Corporate chambers (Estonia)
Corporate chambers (kutsekojad, singular kutsekoda, lit. vocational chamber) were a series of corporate institutions in Estonia during the interwar period.
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Cross of Liberty (Estonia)
The Cross of Liberty was a medal established by then Prime Minister of Estonia, Konstantin Päts, on 24 February 1919 to honor people for their services during the Estonian War of Independence and conferred in three grades, each in three classes.
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Cult of personality
A cult of personality arises when a country's regime – or, more rarely, an individual politician – uses the techniques of mass media, propaganda, the big lie, spectacle, the arts, patriotism, and government-organized demonstrations and rallies to create an idealized, heroic, and worshipful image of a leader, often through unquestioning flattery and praise.
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Decree
A decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution).
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Delfi (web portal)
Delfi (occasionally capitalized as DELFI) is a major internet portal in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania providing daily news, ranging from gardening to politics.
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Devaluation
In modern monetary policy, a devaluation is an official lowering of the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange rate system, by which the monetary authority formally sets a new fixed rate with respect to a foreign reference currency or currency basket.
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Dieter Nohlen
Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939 in Oberhausen) is a German academic and political scientist.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Economy of Estonia
Estonian economy is an advanced economy and a member of the European Union and of the eurozone.
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Eduard Vilde
Eduard Vilde (4 March 1865 in Pudivere, Väike-Maarja Parish, Lääne-Viru County – 26 December 1933 in Tallinn) was an Estonian writer, a pioneer of critical realism in Estonian literature, and a diplomat.
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Eesti Ekspress
Eesti Ekspress (Estonian Express) was the first politically independent newspaper in the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic during the Soviet control of Estonia.
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Eesti Päevaleht
Eesti Päevaleht ("Estonia Daily") is a major daily Estonian newspaper, from the same publishers as the weekly Eesti Ekspress.
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Ensign (rank)
Ensign (Late Middle English, from Old French enseigne (12c.) "mark, symbol, signal; flag, standard, pennant", from Latin insignia (plural)) is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy.
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Era of Silence
The Era of Silence (vaikiv ajastu) was the period between 1934 and 1938 or 1940 in Estonian history.
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Ernst Thälmann
Ernst Thälmann (16 April 1886 – 18 August 1944) was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during much of the Weimar Republic.
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Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
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Estonia Theatre
The Jugendstil building was designed by Finnish architects Armas Lindgren and Wivi Lönn.
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Estonia–Russia relations
Estonia–Russia relations (Российско-эстонские отношения, Eesti-Vene suhted) refers to bilateral foreign relations between Estonia and Russia.
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Estonian Academy of Sciences
Founded in 1938, the Estonian Academy of Sciences (Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia) is Estonia's national academy of science in Tallinn.
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Estonian Constituent Assembly election, 1919
The Estonian Constituent Assembly (Asutav kogu) was elected on 5–7 April 1919, called by the Estonian Provisional Government during the Estonian War of Independence.
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Estonian constitutional referendum, October 1933
A constitutional referendum was held in Estonia between 14 and 16 October 1933.
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Estonian Declaration of Independence
The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (Manifest Eestimaa rahvastele), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918.
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Estonian Defence League
The Estonian Defence League (Eesti Kaitseliit) is the name of the unified paramilitary armed forces of the Republic of Estonia.
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Estonian government-in-exile
The Estonian government-in-exile refers to the formally declared governmental authority of the Republic of Estonia in exile, existing from 1944 until the reestablishment of Estonian sovereignty over Estonian territory in 1991–92.
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Estonian kroon
The kroon (sign: kr; code: EEK) was the official currency of Estonia for two periods in history: 1928–1940 and 1992–2011.
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Estonian Labour Party
The Estonian Labour Party (Eesti Tööerakond, ETE) was a political party in Estonia.
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Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 outside Estonia.
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Estonian mark
The Estonian mark (Estonian: Eesti mark) was the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927.
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Estonian National Assembly election, 1936
National Assembly elections were held in Estonia between 12 and 14 December 1936.
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Estonian National Assembly referendum, 1936
A referendum on convening a National Assembly to draft a new constitution was held in Estonia between 23 and 25 February 1936.
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Estonian national awakening
The Estonian Age of Awakening (Ärkamisaeg) is a period in history where Estonians came to acknowledge themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves.
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Estonian parliamentary election, 1920
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 27 and 29 November 1920, the first held under the 1920 constitution.
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Estonian parliamentary election, 1923
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 5 and 7 May 1923.
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Estonian parliamentary election, 1926
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 15 and 17 May 1926.
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Estonian parliamentary election, 1929
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 11 and 13 May 1929.
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Estonian parliamentary election, 1932
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia between 21 and 23 May 1932.
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Estonian parliamentary election, 1938
Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 24 and 25 February 1938.
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Estonian People's Party
The Estonian People's Party (Eesti Rahvaerakond, ER) was a centre-right political party in Estonia.
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Estonian Provincial Assembly election, 1917
The Estonian Provincial Assembly (Maapäev) was elected after the February Revolution in 1917 as the national diet of the Autonomous Governorate of Estonia in Russian Empire.
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Estonian Provisional Government
The Estonian Provisional Government (Eesti Ajutine Valitsus) was formed on February 24, 1918, by the Salvation Committee appointed by Maapäev, the Estonian Province Assembly.
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Estonian Salvation Committee
The Estonian Salvation Committee (Eestimaa Päästekomitee, or Päästekomitee) was the executive body of the Estonian Provincial Assembly that issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence.
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Estonian Socialist Workers' Party
The Estonian Socialist Workers' Party (Eesti Sotsialistlik Tööliste Partei, ESTP) was a political party in Estonia.
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Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR or ESSR; Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik ENSV; Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика ЭССР, Estonskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ESSR), also known as Soviet Estonia or Estonia was an unrecognized republic of the Soviet Union, administered by a subordinate of the Government of the Soviet Union.
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Estonian Sports Association Kalev
Estonian Sports Association Kalev (Eesti Spordiselts Kalev) is a sports association in Estonia, founded in 1901.
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Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence (Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the White Russian Northwestern Army, Latvia, and the United Kingdom, against the Soviet Western Front offensive and the aggression of the Baltische Landeswehr.
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Estonians
Estonians (eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia who speak the Estonian language.
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Estonization
Estonianization is the changing of one's personal names from other languages into Estonian, or the development of Estonian language, culture and identity within educational and other state institutions through various programs.
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Farmers' Assemblies
The Farmers' Assemblies (Põllumeeste Kogud) was a conservative political party in Estonia.
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Father of the Nation
The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a man considered the driving force behind the establishment of his country, state, or nation.
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February Revolution
The February Revolution (p), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Fraternitas Estica
Fraternitas Estica is an all-male academic corporation at the University of Tartu, Estonia.
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Friedrich Akel
Friedrich Karl Akel (in Kaubi Manor, Kaubi Parish (now in Pornuse village, Halliste Parish) – 3 July 1941 in Tallinn) was an Estonian diplomat and politician, a member of the International Olympic Committee., and Head of State of Estonia in 1924.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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German occupation of Estonia during World War I
The occupation of Estonia by the German Empire occurred during the later stages of the First World War.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Governess
A governess is a woman employed to teach and train children in a private household.
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Government of Estonia
The Government of the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia.
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Governorate of Estonia
The Governorate of Est(h)onia (Eestimaa kubermang) or Duchy of Estonia, also known as the Government of Estonia, was a governorate of the Russian Empire in what is now northern Estonia.
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Governorate of Livonia
The Governorate of Livonia (Лифляндская губерния, Liflyandskaya guberniya; Gouvernement Livland, Livländisches Gouvernement; Vidzemes guberņa, after the Latvian inhabited Vidzeme region) was one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, now divided between the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia.
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Grand coalition
A grand coalition is an arrangement in a multi-party parliamentary system in which the two largest political parties of opposing political ideologies unite in a coalition government.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Grodno
Grodno or Hrodna (Гродна, Hrodna; ˈɡrodnə, see also other names) is a city in western Belarus.
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Gulag
The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.
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Harku
Harku (Hark) is a small borough (alevik) in Harku Parish, Harju County, northern Estonia.
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Head of State of Estonia
The Head of State of Estonia or State Elder (Riigivanem) (a literal translation: Elder of State) was the official title of the Estonian head of state from 1920 to 1937.
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Heimtali
Heimtali is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia.
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Heinrich Mark
Heinrich Mark (1 October 1911 – 2 August 2004) was an Estonian politician and Prime Minister of the Estonian Government in Exile.
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Helsinki
Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.
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Holstre
Holstre is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia.
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Hyperinflation
In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation.
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Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Independence Day (Estonia)
Independence Day (Eesti Vabariigi aastapäev) is a national holiday in Estonia marking the anniversary of the Estonian Declaration of Independence in 1918.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Interregnum
An interregnum (plural interregna or interregnums) is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order.
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Interwar period
In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Ivan Orav
Ivan Orav (September 1, 1908 – June 19, 2009) is a fictional character created by Estonian writer Andrus Kivirähk, who published a book "Memoirs of Ivan Orav or the Past as Azure Mountains" (Ivan Orava mälestused, ehk, Minevik kui helesinised mäed) in 1995.
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Jaan Poska
Jaan Poska VR III/1 (Laiusevälja, Kreis Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia – 7 March 1920, Tallinn, Estonia) was an Estonian barrister and politician.
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Jaan Tõnisson
Jaan Tõnisson (near Tänassilma – 1941?, in Tallinn?) was an Estonian statesman, serving as the Prime Minister of Estonia twice during 1919 to 1920, as State Elder (head of state and government) from 1927 to 1928 and in 1933, and as Foreign Minister of Estonia from 1931 to 1932.
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Jaan Teemant
Jaan Teemant (in Illuste (now Paatsalu), Vigala Parish, Kreis Wiek (in present-day Pärnu County) – unknown) was an Estonian lawyer and politician.
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Jämejala
Jämejala is a village in Viljandi Parish, Viljandi County, Estonia.
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Jüri Uluots
Jüri Uluots (13 January 1890 – 9 January 1945) was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.
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Jüri Vilms
Jüri Vilms (Arkma, now in Türi Parish, Järva County, Estonia – May 2, 1918, Hauho near Hämeenlinna, Finland, unconfirmed info) was a member of the Estonian Salvation Committee and the first Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia.
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Joakim Puhk
Joakim Puhk (25 May 1888 – 14 September 1942) was an Estonian businessman, economist and Rotarian; a member of the International Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the International Olympic Committee from 1936 to 1942.
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Johan Laidoner
Johan Laidoner (12 February 1884 – 13 March 1953) was an Estonian general and statesman.
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Johannes Vares
Johannes Vares (– 29 November 1946), commonly known as Johannes Vares Barbarus, was an Estonian poet, medical doctor, and politician.
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Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.
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Juhan Kukk
Juhan (Johann) Kukk VR III/1 (in Käru, Salla Parish (now in Rakke Parish), Viru County, Estonia – 4 December 1942 in Kargopol, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Soviet Union) was an Estonian politician.
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Kaarel Eenpalu
Kaarel Eenpalu (until 1935 named Karl August Einbund) (in Paju talu, Vesneri Parish, Tartu County, Estonia, Russian Empire – 27/28 January 1942, Kirov Oblast, Russia, USSR) was an Estonian journalist, politician and head of state.
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Kadriorg
Kadriorg (Estonian for "Catherine's Valley") is a subdistrict (asum) in the district of Kesklinn (Midtown), Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.
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Kadriorg Palace
Kadriorg Palace (Kadrioru loss, Schloss Katharinental) is a Petrine Baroque palace built for Catherine I of Russia by Peter the Great in Tallinn, Estonia.
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Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast
Kalininsky District (Кали́нинский райо́н) is an administrative and municipalLaw #4-ZO district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia.
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Karl Robert Pusta
Karl Robert Pusta (1 March 1883, Narva – 4 May 1964, Madrid) was an Estonian politician and a former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia.
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Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1936-1991 in northern Central Asia.
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Kazan
Kazan (p; Казан) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.
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Kārlis Ulmanis
Kārlis Augusts Vilhelms Ulmanis (September 4, 1877 in Bērze, Bērze Parish, Courland Governorate, Russian Empire – September 20, 1942 in Krasnovodsk prison, Soviet Union, now Türkmenbaşy, Turkmenistan) was one of the most prominent Latvian politicians of pre-World War II Latvia during the interwar period of independence from November 1918 to June 1940.
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Kloostrimetsa
Kloostrimetsa (Estonian for Convent Forest) is a subdistrict (asum) in the district of Pirita, Tallinn, the capital of Estonia.
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Kresty Prison
Kresty (Кресты, literally Crosses) prison, officially Investigative Isolator No.
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Kultuur ja Elu
Kultuur ja Elu (meaning "Culture and Life" in English) is an Estonian magazine dedicated to culture.
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Labor camp
A labor camp (or labour, see spelling differences) or work camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment under the criminal code.
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Latvia
Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
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Learned Estonian Society
The Learned Estonian Society (Õpetatud Eesti Selts, Gelehrte Estnische Gesellschaft, shortened ÕES) is Estonia's oldest scholarly organisation, and was formed at the University of Tartu in 1838.
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Lennart Meri
Lennart Georg Meri (29 March 1929 – 14 March 2006) was an Estonian statesman, writer, and film director.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
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Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.
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Magnus Ilmjärv
Magnus Ilmjärv (born 31 August 1961 in Viljandi) is an Estonian historian.
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Military base
A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations.
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Minister of Defence (Estonia)
The Minister of Defence (Estonian: Kaitseminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Defence (Kaitseministeerium) in the Estonian Government.
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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)
The Minister of Foreign Affairs (välisminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Eesti Vabariigi Välisministeerium) in the Estonian Government.
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Ministry of Defence (Estonia)
The Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi Kaitseministeerium) and its head, the Minister of Defence, are responsible for organizing national defence.The mission of the Ministry of Defence is to deter attacks against Estonia and ensure that the country is capable of defending itself against external threats.
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Ministry of the Interior (Estonia)
The Ministry of the Interior of Estonia (Eesti Siseministeerium) is a Ministry in the Estonian Government.
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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Museum of Occupations
The Museum of Occupations (Okupatsioonide muuseum) in Tallinn, Estonia, is located at the corner of Toompea St.
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Narva
Narva (Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia.
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Narva River
The Narva (Narva jõgi, Нарва) (or Narova) is a river flowing into the Baltic Sea, the largest river in Estonia by discharge.
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National Centre Party (Estonia)
The National Centre Party (Rahvuslik Keskerakond, RKE) was a political party in Estonia.
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National Committee of the Republic of Estonia
The National Committee of the Republic of Estonia (EVRK) was a self-styled resistance movement in German-occupied Estonia in March 1944.
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National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution
The National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution (Põhiseaduse Elluviimise Rahvarinne, PER) was a political movement in Estonia.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.
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Oath of office
An oath of office is an oath or affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an office, usually a position in government or within a religious body, although such oaths are sometimes required of officers of other organizations.
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Occupation of the Baltic states
The occupation of the Baltic states involved the military occupation of the three Baltic states—Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania—by the Soviet Union under the auspices of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in June 1940 followed by their incorporation into the USSR as constituent republics in August 1940 - most Western powers never recognised this incorporation.
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October Revolution
The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Order of the Cross of the Eagle
The Order of the Cross of the Eagle (Kotkaristi teenetemärk; Ordre de la Croix de l'Aigle) was instituted in 1928 by the Estonian Defence League to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Estonian independence.
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Order of the Estonian Red Cross
The Order of the Estonian Red Cross (Eesti Punase Risti teenetemärk; Ordre de la Croix-Rouge Estonienne) was instituted in 1920 by the Estonian Red Cross Society.
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Order of the National Coat of Arms
The Order of the National Coat of Arms (Riigivapi teenetemärk, Ordre du Blason National) was instituted by Konstantin Päts on 7 October 1936 to commemorate 24 February 1918, the day on which Estonian independence was declared.
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Order of the White Star
The Order of the White Star (Valgetähe teenetemärk, Ordre de l'Etoile Blanche) was instituted on 1936.
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Otto Strandman
Otto August Strandman (– 5 February 1941) was an Estonian politician, who served as Prime Minister (1919) and State Elder of Estonia (1929–1931).
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Otto Tief
Otto Tief (– 5 March 1976) was an Estonian politician, military commander (during the Estonian War of Independence), and a lawyer.
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Parliamentary group
A parliamentary group, parliamentary party, or parliamentary caucus is a group consisting of members of the same political party or electoral fusion of parties in a legislative assembly such as a parliament or a city council.
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Patriotic League (Estonia)
The Patriotic League (Isamaaliit) was a political movement in Estonia, and the only legally permitted party in the country between 1935 and 1940.
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Pärnu
Pärnu (Pernau) is the fourth-largest city in Estonia.
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Pärnu Postimees
Pärnu Postimees is a newspaper published in Estonia.
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Põltsamaa
Põltsamaa (Oberpahlen) is a town in Põltsamaa Parish, in Jõgeva County, Estonia.
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Pehmed ja karvased
Pehmed ja karvased (Estonian roughly for The soft and the furry) is an Estonian TV programme.
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Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937.
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Personal union
A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct.
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Political satire
Political satire is satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where such arguments are expressly forbidden.
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Postimees
Postimees (The Postman) is an Estonian daily newspaper established on January 1, 1857, by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.
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President of Estonia
The President of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.
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President of Finland
The President of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan presidentti, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland.
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President-Regent
Riigihoidja (officially translated as President-Regent) was the name of the office of the head of state and head of government of Estonia from 3 September 1937 to 24 April 1938.
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Prime Minister of Estonia
The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi peaminister, literally translated as Head Minister of Estonia) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia.
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Pro Patria Union
The Pro Patria Union (Isamaaliit, meaning literally Fatherland Union) was a national conservative political party in Estonia.
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Pskov
Pskov (p; see also names in other languages) is a city and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located about east from the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River.
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Puppetry
Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the manipulation of puppets – inanimate objects, often resembling some type of human or animal figure, that are animated or manipulated by a human called a puppeteer.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Riga
Riga (Rīga) is the capital and largest city of Latvia.
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Right-wing populism
Right-wing populism is a political ideology which combines right-wing politics and populist rhetoric and themes.
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Riigikogu
The Riigikogu (from riigi-, of the state, and kogu, assembly) is the unicameral parliament of Estonia.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russian language
Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
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Russian Provisional Government
The Russian Provisional Government (Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March 1917.
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Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Ru-Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика.ogg), also unofficially known as the Russian Federation, Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I or Russia (rɐˈsʲijə; from the Ρωσία Rōsía — Rus'), was an independent state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest, most populous, and most economically developed union republic of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991 and then a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991.
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Russians in Estonia
The population of Russians in Estonia is estimated at 320,000, most of whom live in the urban areas of Harju and Ida-Viru counties.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Sakala (newspaper)
Sakala is an Estonian language daily newspaper first published in Viljandi on 11 March 1878 by Carl Robert Jakobson, a major figure of the Estonian national awakening period in the 19th century.
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Self-coup
A self-coup (or autocoup, from the Spanish autogolpe) is a form of putsch or coup d'état in which a nation's leader, despite having come to power through legal means, dissolves or renders powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assumes extraordinary powers not granted under normal circumstances.
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Settlers' Party
The Settlers' Party (Asunikkude partei) was a political party in Estonia.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Sirp
Sirp (eng. 'sickle') is a newspaper published in Estonia.
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Social democracy
Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.
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Solnechnoye, Saint Petersburg
Solnechnoye (Со́лнечное; Ollila) is a municipal settlement in Kurortny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia, located on the Karelian Isthmus, on the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland.
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Soviet ruble
The Soviet ruble (рубль; see below for other languages of the USSR) was the currency of the Soviet Union.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty
The Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty, also known as the Bases Treaty was a bilateral treaty signed in Moscow on 28 September 1939.
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State decoration
A state decoration is an object, such as a medal or the insignia of an order, that is awarded by a sovereign state to honor the recipient.
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State visit
A state visit is a formal visit by a head of state to a foreign country, at the invitation of that country's head of state, with the latter also acting as the official host for the duration of the state visit.
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Statism
In political science, statism is the belief that the state should control either economic or social policy, or both, to some degree.
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Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.
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Student council
A student council (also known as a student union or associated student body) is a curricular or extracurricular activity for students within elementary and secondary schools around the world.
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Student riot
Student riots, college riots, or campus riots are riots precipitated by students, generally from a college, university, or other school.
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Sumner Welles
Benjamin Sumner Welles (October 14, 1892 – September 24, 1961) was an American government official and diplomat in the Foreign Service.
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Supreme Court of Estonia
The Supreme Court of Estonia (Riigikohus) is the court of last resort in Estonia.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Tahkuranna
Tahkuranna is a village in Häädemeeste Parish, Pärnu County in southwestern Estonia.
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Tahkuranna Parish
Tahkuranna was a rural municipality in Pärnu County, southwestern Estonia.
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Tallinn
Tallinn (or,; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Estonia.
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Tallinn Botanic Garden
Tallinn Botanic Garden (Tallinna Botaanikaaed), is a botanical garden in Tallinn, Estonia.
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Tallinn University of Technology
Established in 1918, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ; Tallinna Tehnikaülikool, abbreviated TTÜ) is the only technical university in Estonia.
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Tartu
Tartu (South Estonian: Tarto) is the second largest city of Estonia, after Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn.
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Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Татарская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика; Татарстан Автономияле Совет Социалистик Республикасы), abbreviated as Tatar ASSR (Татарская АССР; Татарстан АССР) or TASSR (ТАССР; ТАССР) (1920–1990) was part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
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Teataja
Teataja was a newspaper published in Estonia, founded in 1901 by Konstantin Päts.
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Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)
Tartu Peace Treaty (Tartu rahu, literally "Tartu peace") or Treaty of Tartu is a peace treaty between Estonia and Soviet Russia signed on February 2, 1920 ending the Estonian War of Independence.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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Tuulepealne maa
Tuulepealne maa (lit. "Windward Land") is a twelve-part Estonian television mini-series about the pre-World War II history of Estonia, its birth as a country, the Estonian War of Independence, post-war life throughout 1920 up to 1941 and World War II.
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Tver
Tver (p; IPA: tvʲerʲi) is a city and the administrative center of Tver Oblast, Russia.
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Tver Oblast
Tver Oblast (Тверска́я о́бласть, Tverskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).
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Ufa
Ufa (p; Өфө) is the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, and the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic.
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Union of Settlers and Smallholders
The Union of Settlers and Smallholders (Asunikkude ning väikemaapidajate Koondis, AVK) was a political party in Estonia.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Secretary of State
The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S. Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs.
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University of Tartu
The University of Tartu (UT; Tartu Ülikool, Universitas Tartuensis) is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia.
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Vaps Movement
Vaps Movement, (Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit, later Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit, vabadussõjalased, or colloquially vapsid, a single member of this movement was called vaps) the Union of Participants in the Estonian War of Independence was founded as an Estonian association of veterans of the Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920).
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Videvik
Videvik is a newspaper published in Estonia.
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Viljandi
Viljandi (Fellin) is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 17,473 in 2013.
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Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (né Skryabin; 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.
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Walk, Livonia
Walk was the historical German name for the town that is since 1920 divided into Valga in Estonia and Valka in Latvia.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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1905 Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government.
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1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt
The Attempted coup of 1924 in Estonia (1.),Estonia and the Estonians, Hoover Institution Press, p.15 conducted by the Comintern, was a failed coup attempt in Estonia staged by Communists (mostly infiltrated from Soviet Union) on December 1, 1924.
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Redirects here:
Konstantin Paets, Konstantin Paetsi, Konstantin Pats, Konstantin Patsi, Konstantin Pätsi, Päts.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Päts
