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Syed Ahmad Khan

Index Syed Ahmad Khan

Syed Ahmad Taqvi bin Syed Muhammad Muttaqi KCSI (سید احمد خان.; 17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), commonly known as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformist, philosopher of nineteenth century British India and the first who named the term "Two Nation theory" to the theory of separate nation of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Born into a family with strong ties with Mughal court, Syed studied the Quran and sciences within the court. He was awarded honorary LLD from the University of Edinburgh. In 1838, Syed Ahmad entered the service of East India Company and went on to become a judge at a Small Causes Court in 1867, and retired from service in 1876. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he remained, loyal to the British Empire and was noted for his actions in saving European lives.Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, (2001) After the rebellion, he penned the booklet ''The Causes of the Indian Mutiny'' – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. Believing that the future of Muslims was threatened by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western–style scientific education by founding modern schools and journals and organising Muslim entrepreneurs. In 1859, Syed established Gulshan School at Muradabad, Victoria School at Ghazipur in 1863, and a scientific society for Muslims in 1864. In 1875, founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, the first Muslim university in South Asia. During his career, Syed repeatedly called upon Muslims to loyally serve the British Empire and promoted the adoption of Urdu as the lingua franca of all Indian Muslims. Syed heavily critiqued the Indian National Congress. Syed maintains a strong legacy in Pakistan and Indian Muslims. He strongly influenced other Muslim leaders including Allama Iqbal and Jinnah. His advocacy of Islam's rationalist (Muʿtazila) tradition, and at broader, radical reinterpretation of the Quran to make it compatible with science and modernity, continues to influence the global Islamic reformation. Many universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Sir Syed's name. Aligarh Muslim University celebrated his 200th birth centenary with much enthusiasm on 17 October 2017. Former President of India shri Pranab Mukherjee was the chief guest. [1]

180 relations: Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar), Abdur Rab Nishtar, Abrahamic religions, Aesthetics, Agra, Ain-i-Akbari, Akbar, Akbar II, Alamgir II, Aligarh Institute Gazette, Aligarh Movement, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, All India Muhammadan Educational Conference, All-India Muslim League, Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu, Arabic, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Bengalis, Betel, Bible, Bijnor, Book of Genesis, British Empire, British Indian, British Raj, Cecil Beadon, Chancellor, Christianity, Christianity and Islam, Civil Service (United Kingdom), Corporal punishment, Court of Small Causes, Dadabhai Naoroji, Darul Uloom Deoband, Delhi, Doctor of Law, Durbar (court), East India Company, East India Company College, Education, Education in the United Kingdom, England, English language, Fatwa, Fez, Figurehead, Fiqh, Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, ..., General officer, Gentry, Ghalib, Ghazipur, Gospel of Matthew, Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner, Government College University (Lahore), Hakim (title), Henry Bartle Frere, Hindi, Hindi–Urdu controversy, Hookah, Hyderabad State, India, India Post, Indian Civil Service (British India), Indian National Congress, Indian Rebellion of 1857, Islam in India, Islamabad, Islamic holy books, Islamic Modernism, Islamic philosophy, Islamic studies, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, John Locke, Judiciary of India, Kafir, Kanpur, Karachi, Khawaja Nazimuddin, Khwaja Muhammad Yusuf, Knight, Liaquat Ali Khan, Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, Lingua franca, Lists of capitals, Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Lucknow, Madrasa, Mansabdar, Masood Ashraf Raja, Mathematics, Mechanics, Medicine, Meerut, Metaphysics, Mohammad Ali Jouhar, Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Moradabad, Mosque, Muʿtazila, Mughal emperors, Mughal Empire, Muhammad, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Hayat Khan, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi, Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Munshi, Muslim, Nawab Abdul Latif, Order of the Star of India, Ordinary language philosophy, Orthodox stance, Osmania University, Oxford University Press, Pakistan, Pakistan Movement, Pakistan Post, People of the Book, Persian language, Pervez Musharraf, Philosopher, Politics of Pakistan, Pragmatism, Pranab Mukherjee, President of India, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Quran, Renaissance, Renaissance philosophy, Riba, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Royal Society, Rumi, Salah, Sayyid, Science, Science education, Scientific Society of Aligarh, Shaukat Ali (politician), Sheikh Abdullah (educationalist), Shia Islam, Sir, Sir Syed Government Girls College, Sir Syed Masjid, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal, Sunni Islam, Surendranath Banerjee, Swimming, Syed Ahmad Khan, Syed Mahmood, Syed Ziaur Rahman, Table manners, Tafsir, Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq, Theodore Beck, Thomas Paine, Thomas Walker Arnold, United Patriotic Association, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, University of Allahabad, University of Calcutta, University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford, University of the Punjab, Urdu, Urdu Defence Association, Uttar Pradesh, Victoria School, Vizier, Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University, Wrestling, Yunani medicine, Zakir Husain (politician), Ziauddin Ahmad. Expand index (130 more) »

Abdul Haq (Urdu scholar)

Maulvi Abdul Haq (مولوی عبد الحق) (20 April 1870 – 16 August 1961) was a scholar and a linguist, whom some call Baba-e-Urdu (بابائے اردو) (Father of Urdu).

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Abdur Rab Nishtar

Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (13 June 1899 – 14 February 1958; سردار عبد الرب نښتر) was a Muslim League stalwart, a Pakistan movement activist and later on a Pakistani politician.

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Abrahamic religions

The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic-originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham.

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Aesthetics

Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty.

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Agra

Agra is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Ain-i-Akbari

The Ain-i-Akbari (آئینِ اکبری) or the "Constitution of Akbar", is a 16th-century, detailed document recording the administration of emperor Akbar's empire, written by his vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.

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Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

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Akbar II

Akbar II (22 April 1760 – 28 September 1837), also known as Akbar Shah II, was the penultimate Mughal emperor of India.

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Alamgir II

Aziz-ud-din Alamgir II (6 June 1699 – 29 November 1759), (عالمگير ثانی) was the Mughal Emperor of India from 3 June 1754 to 29 November 1759.

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Aligarh Institute Gazette

The Aligarh Institute Gazette (Urdu) was the first multilingual journal of India, introduced, edited, and published in 1866 by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan which was read widely across the country.

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Aligarh Movement

The Aligarh Movement was the push to establish a modern system of education for the Muslim population of British India, during the later decades of the 19th century.

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Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is an Indian public central university.

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Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh

Aligarh (formerly Allygurh & Koil) is a city in the Northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh that is famous for lock industries and the administrative headquarters of the Aligarh district.

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All India Muhammadan Educational Conference

The All India Muhammadan Educational Conference was an organisation promoting modern, liberal education for the Muslim community in India.

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All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.

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Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu

Anjuman Taraqqī-yi-Urdū (انجُمن ترقئ اُردو) is an organization working for the promotion and dissemination of Urdu language, literature and culture in Pakistan and India.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world

Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language.

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Bahadur Shah Zafar

Mirza Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar (24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862) was the last Mughal emperor.

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Bengalis

Bengalis (বাঙালি), also rendered as the Bengali people, Bangalis and Bangalees, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group and nation native to the region of Bengal in the Indian subcontinent, which is presently divided between most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Assam, Jharkhand.

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Betel

The betel (Piper betle) is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and kava.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Bijnor

Bijnor, is a city and a municipal board in Bijnor district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Book of Genesis

The Book of Genesis (from the Latin Vulgate, in turn borrowed or transliterated from Greek "", meaning "Origin"; בְּרֵאשִׁית, "Bərēšīṯ", "In beginning") is the first book of the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) and the Old Testament.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Indian

British Indians (also Indian British or Indian Britons) are citizens of the United Kingdom (UK) whose ancestral roots lie in India.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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Cecil Beadon

Sir Cecil Beadon (1816–1880) was an English administrator in British India, serving as lieutenant-governor of Bengal Presidency from 1862 to 1866, when he was relieved of the post after a commission of inquiry.

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Chancellor

Chancellor (cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christianity and Islam

Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world and share a historical and traditional connection, with some major theological differences.

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Civil Service (United Kingdom)

Her Majesty's Home Civil Service, also known as Her Majesty's Civil Service or the Home Civil Service, is the permanent bureaucracy or secretariat of Crown employees that supports Her Majesty's Government, which is composed of a cabinet of ministers chosen by the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as well as two of the three devolved administrations: the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government, but not the Northern Ireland Executive.

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Corporal punishment

Corporal punishment or physical punishment is a punishment intended to cause physical pain on a person.

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Court of Small Causes

In Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi cities, the Small Causes Court is responsible for adjudicating matters related to civil cases.

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Dadabhai Naoroji

Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917), known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader.

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Darul Uloom Deoband

The Darul Uloom Deoband In Urdu language(دارلعلوم دیوبند)is the Darul uloom Islamic school in India where the Deobandi Islamic movement began.

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Delhi

Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.

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Doctor of Law

Doctor of Law or Doctor of Laws is a degree in law.

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Durbar (court)

Durbar (दरबार, দরবার​, دربار) is an Indo-Aryan word, equally common in many South Asian languages.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.

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East India Company College

The East India Company College, or East India College, was an educational establishment situated at Hailey, Hertfordshire, nineteen miles north of London founded in 1806 to train "writers" (administrators) for the Honourable East India Company (HEIC).

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Education in the United Kingdom

Education in the United Kingdom is a devolved matter with each of the countries of the United Kingdom having separate systems under separate governments: the UK Government is responsible for England; whilst the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government and the Northern Ireland Executive are responsible for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, respectively.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Fatwa

A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.

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Fez

The fez (more correctly ṭarbūsh from the Persian sarpūsh) is a felt headdress in the shape of a short cylindrical peakless hat, usually red, and sometimes with a tassel attached to the top.

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Figurehead

In politics, a figurehead is a person who holds de jure (in name or by law) an important title or office (often supremely powerful), yet de facto (in reality) executes little actual power.

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Fiqh

Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.

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Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava

Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava (21 June 1826 – 12 February 1902) was a British public servant and prominent member of Victorian society.

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General officer

A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army, and in some nations' air forces or marines.

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Gentry

The gentry (genterie; Old French gentil: "high-born") are the "well-born, genteel, and well-bred people" of the social class below the nobility of a society.

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Ghalib

Ghalib (غاؔلِب, ग़ालिब.), born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (Urdu:, मिर्ज़ा असदुल्लाह् बेग खiन), 26 June 1797 – 15 February 1869), was a prominent Urdu and Persian-language poet during the last years of the Mughal Empire. He used his pen-names of Ghalib (Urdu:, ġhālib means "dominant") and Asad (Urdu:, Asad means "lion"). His honorific was Dabir-ul-Mulk, Najm-ud-Daula. During his lifetime the Mughals were eclipsed and displaced by the British and finally deposed following the defeat of the Indian rebellion of 1857, events that he described. Most notably, he wrote several ghazals during his life, which have since been interpreted and sung in many different ways by different people. Ghalib, the last great poet of the Mughal Era, is considered to be one of the most famous and influential poets of the Urdu language. Today Ghalib remains popular not only in India and Pakistan but also among the Hindustani diaspora around the world.

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Ghazipur

Ghazipur (previously spelled Ghazeepore, Gauspur, and Ghazipour), is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Gospel of Matthew

The Gospel According to Matthew (translit; also called the Gospel of Matthew or simply, Matthew) is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels.

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Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner

Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner or Gottlieb William Leitner M.A., Ph.D., L.L.D., D.O.L. (14 October 1840 – 22 March 1899) was a British orientalist.

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Government College University (Lahore)

The Government College University (GCU) is a public research university located in the downtown, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Hakim (title)

and are two Arabic titles derived from the same triliteral root Ḥ-K-M "appoint, choose, judge".

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Henry Bartle Frere

Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere, 1st Baronet (29 March 1815 – 29 May 1884) was a British colonial administrator.

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Hindi

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.

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Hindi–Urdu controversy

The Hindi–Urdu controversy is an ongoing dispute—dating back to the 19th century—regarding the status of Hindi and Urdu as a single language, Hindustani (lit "of Hindustan"), or as two dialects of a single language, and the establishment of a single standard language in certain areas of North India.

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Hookah

A hookah (from Hindustani: हुक़्क़ा (Devanagari), (Nastaleeq), IPA:; also see other names), also known as the ḡalyān (Persian: قلیان), is a single- or multi-stemmed instrument for vaporizing and smoking flavored tobacco (often Mu‘assel), or sometimes cannabis or opium, whose vapor or smoke is passed through a water basin—often glass-based—before inhalation.

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Hyderabad State

Hyderabad State was an Indian princely state located in the south-central region of India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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India Post

The Department of Posts (DoP), trading as India Post, is a government-operated postal system in India.

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Indian Civil Service (British India)

The Indian Civil Service (ICS) for part of the 19th century officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the elite higher civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947.

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Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress (INC, often called Congress Party) is a broadly based political party in India.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India between 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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Islam in India

Islam is the second largest religion in India, with 14.2% of the country's population or roughly 172 million people identifying as adherents of Islam (2011 census) as an ethnoreligious group.

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Islamabad

Islamabad (اسلام آباد) is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory.

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Islamic holy books

Islamic holy books are the texts which Muslims believe were authored by Allah via various prophets throughout humanity's history.

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Islamic Modernism

Islamic Modernism, also sometimes referred to as Modernist Salafism, is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response" attempting to reconcile Islamic faith with modern Western values such as nationalism, democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress.

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Islamic philosophy

In the religion of Islam, two words are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic philosophy and theology based on the interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism as developed by medieval Muslim philosophers.

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Islamic studies

Islamic studies refers to the study of Islam.

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Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī

Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (سید جمال‌‌‌الدین افغانی), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī (سید جمال‌‌‌الدین اسد‌آبادی) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist in the Muslim world during the late 19th century, particularly in the Middle East, South Asia and Europe.

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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Judiciary of India

The Indian Judiciary administers a ''common law system'' of legal jurisdiction, in which customs, precedents and legislation, all codify the law of the land.

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Kafir

Kafir (كافر; plural كَافِرُونَ, كفّار or كَفَرَة; feminine كافرة) is an Arabic term (from the root K-F-R "to cover") meaning "unbeliever", or "disbeliever".

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Kanpur

Kanpur (formerly Cawnpore) is the 12th most populous city in India and the second largest city in the state of Uttar Pradesh after Lucknow.

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Karachi

Karachi (کراچی; ALA-LC:,; ڪراچي) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh.

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Khawaja Nazimuddin

Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin(خواجہ ناظِمُ الدّین; খাজা নাজিমুদ্দীন; 19 July 1894 – 22 October 1964),, was a Bengali politician, conservative figure, and one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan.

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Khwaja Muhammad Yusuf

Khwaja Muhammad Yusuf (died 1902) was one of the top lawyers and landowners of Aligarh, a small but historically significant town in the ‘doab’ region of the state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.

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Liaquat Ali Khan

Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (Næʍābzādāh Liāqat Alī Khān,لِیاقت علی خان; born October 1895 – 16 October 1951), widely known as Quaid-e-Millat (Leader of the Nation) and Shaheed-e-Millat (شہِیدِ مِلّت Martyr of the Nation), was one of the leading founding fathers of Pakistan, statesman, lawyer, and political theorist who became and served as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan; in addition, he also held cabinet portfolio as the first foreign, defence, and the frontier regions minister from 1947 until his assassination in 1951.

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Liberalism and progressivism within Islam

Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have produced a considerable body of liberal thought on the re-interpretation and reform of Islamic understanding and practice.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

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Lists of capitals

Below is a list of lists of capitals.

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Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma

Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979) was a British Royal Navy officer and statesman, an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II.

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Lucknow

Lucknow is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and is also the administrative headquarters of the eponymous District and Division.

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Madrasa

Madrasa (مدرسة,, pl. مدارس) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion), and whether a school, college, or university.

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Mansabdar

The Mansabdari system was the administrative system of the Mughal Empire introduced by Akbar.

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Masood Ashraf Raja

Masood Ashraf Raja (Urdu: مسعود اشرف راجہ) is an associate professor of postcolonial literature and theory at the University of North Texas.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Mechanics

Mechanics (Greek μηχανική) is that area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Meerut

Meerut (IAST: Meraṭha), is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Metaphysics

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.

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Mohammad Ali Jouhar

Muhammad Ali Jauhar (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931), also known as Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar (Arabic: مَولانا مُحمّد علی جَوہر), was an Indian Muslim leader, activist, scholar, journalist and a poet, and was among the leading figures of the Khilafat Movement.

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Mohsin-ul-Mulk

Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Munir Nawaz Jang, also known as Syed Mehdi Ali (ﻧﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﺤﺴن ‌الملک, منير نواز جنگ, ﺳﻴﺩ ﻣﻫﺩﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ) (born 9 December 1837 — 16 October 1907), was an Indian Muslim politician.

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Moradabad

Moradabad is a city, commissionary, and a municipal corporation in Moradabad district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Mosque

A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.

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Muʿtazila

Muʿtazila (المعتزلة) is a rationalist school of Islamic theology"", Encyclopaedia Britannica.

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Mughal emperors

The Mughal emperors, from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.

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Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

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Muhammad Hayat Khan

Nawab Mukarram Hayat Khan (1833–1901) was an Indian Muslim who served the Government of British India and rose to considerable distinction.

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Muhammad Iqbal

Muhammad Iqbal (محمد اِقبال) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher, and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement.

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Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi

Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi (1833-1880) was an Islamic Scholar and the main person responsible for establishing Deoband Movement.

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Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College

Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College was founded in 1875, initially as a primary school, with the intention of taking it to a college level institution, known as Muhammedan Anglo Oriental Collegiate School.

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Munshi

Munshi (مُنشی; Hindi: मुंशी; Bengali: মুন্সী) is a Persian word, originally used for a contractor, writer, or secretary, and later used in the Mughal Empire and British India for native language teachers, teachers of various subjects especially administrative principles, religious texts, science, and philosophy and were also secretaries and translators employed by Europeans.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Nawab Abdul Latif

Abdul Latif (1828 – 1893) was a nineteenth-century educator and social worker in Bengal.

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Order of the Star of India

The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861.

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Ordinary language philosophy

Ordinary language philosophy is a philosophical methodology that sees traditional philosophical problems as rooted in misunderstandings philosophers develop by distorting or forgetting what words actually mean in everyday use.

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Orthodox stance

In combat sports such as boxing, an orthodox stance is one in which the boxer places his left foot farther in front of the right foot, thus having his weaker side closer to the opponent.

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Osmania University

Osmania University is a public state university located in Hyderabad, India, founded in 1918 with the help of chief architect of Mahbub Ali Khan – Nawab Sarwar Jung.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pakistan Movement

The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (تحریک پاکستان –) was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of the British Indian Empire.

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Pakistan Post

Pakistan Post (پاکستان ڈاک), is a state enterprise which functions as Pakistan's primary and largest postal operator.

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People of the Book

People of the Book/Scripture (أهل الكتاب ′Ahl al-Kitāb) is an Islamic term referring to Jews, Christians, and Sabians and sometimes applied to members of other religions such as Zoroastrians.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Pervez Musharraf

Pervez Musharraf (پرویز مشرف; born 11 August 1943) is a Pakistani politician and a retired four-star army general who was the tenth President of Pakistan from 2001 until tendering resignation, to avoid impeachment, in 2008.

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Philosopher

A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside either theology or science.

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Politics of Pakistan

The politics of Pakistan takes place within the framework established by the constitution.

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Pragmatism

Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870.

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Pranab Mukherjee

Pranab Kumar Mukherjee (born 11 December 1935) is an Indian politician who served as the 13th President of India from 2012 until 2017.

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President of India

The President of the Republic of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Prime Minister of Pakistan

The Prime Minister of Pakistan (وزِیرِ اعظم —,; lit. "Grand Vizier") is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the "chief executive of the Republic".

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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Renaissance philosophy

The designation Renaissance philosophy is used by scholars of intellectual history to refer to the thought of the period running in Europe roughly between 1355 and 1650 (the dates shift forward for central and northern Europe and for areas such as Spanish America, India, Japan, and China under European influence).

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Riba

Riba (ربا,الربا، الربٰوة) can be roughly translated as "usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law.

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Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, commonly known as the Royal Asiatic Society (RAS), was established, according to its Royal Charter of 11 August 1824, to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of science, literature and the arts in relation to Asia." From its incorporation the Society has been a forum, through lectures, its journal, and other publications, for scholarship relating to Asian culture and society of the highest level.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Rumi

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (جلال‌الدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (جلال‌الدین محمد بلخى), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā (مولانا, "our master"), Mevlevî/Mawlawī (مولوی, "my master"), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century PersianRitter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJ̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b. Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵh̲aṭībī." Encyclopaedia of Islam.

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Salah

Salah ("worship",; pl.; also salat), or namāz (نَماز) in some languages, is one of the Five Pillars in the faith of Islam and an obligatory religious duty for every Muslim.

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Sayyid

Sayyid (also spelt Syed, Saiyed,Seyit,Seyd, Said, Sayed, Sayyed, Saiyid, Seyed and Seyyed) (سيد,; meaning "Mister"; plural سادة) is an honorific title denoting people (سيدة for females) accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali (combined Hasnain), sons of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and son-in-law Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib).

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Science education

Science education is the field concerned with sharing science content and process with individuals not traditionally considered part of the scientific community.

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Scientific Society of Aligarh

The Scientific Society of Aligarh was founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1864.

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Shaukat Ali (politician)

Maulana Shaukat Ali (10 March 1873 – 26 November 1938; Urdu: مولانا شوكت علي) was an Indian Muslim leader of the Khilafat Movement that erupted in response to the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

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Sheikh Abdullah (educationalist)

Sheikh Abdullah was an Indian lawyer, educationalist and women social reformer.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Sir

Sir is an honorific address used in a number of situations in many anglophone cultures.

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Sir Syed Government Girls College

Sir Syed Government Girls College is located in Nazimabad at Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

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Sir Syed Masjid

Sir Syed Masjid is located in the heart of Aligarh Muslim University campus.

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Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology

Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (انجنيئرڱ ۽ ٽيڪنيڀياس جي جامعہ سر سيد) (known as "SSUET") is a private research university located in the urban area of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

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Sultan Shah Jahan, Begum of Bhopal

Shahjahan Begum (29 July 1838 – 16 June 1901) was the Begum of Bhopal (the ruler of the princely state of Bhopal in central India) for two periods: 1844–60 (her mother acting as regent), and secondly during 1868–1901.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Surendranath Banerjee

Sir Surendranath Banerjee (সুরেন্দ্রনাথ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়) (10 November 18486 August 1925) was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during the British Raj.

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Swimming

Swimming is the self-propulsion of a person through fresh or salt water, usually for recreation, sport, exercise, or survival.

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Syed Ahmad Khan

Syed Ahmad Taqvi bin Syed Muhammad Muttaqi KCSI (سید احمد خان.; 17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), commonly known as Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, was an Indian Muslim pragmatist, Islamic reformist, philosopher of nineteenth century British India and the first who named the term "Two Nation theory" to the theory of separate nation of Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Born into a family with strong ties with Mughal court, Syed studied the Quran and sciences within the court. He was awarded honorary LLD from the University of Edinburgh. In 1838, Syed Ahmad entered the service of East India Company and went on to become a judge at a Small Causes Court in 1867, and retired from service in 1876. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, he remained, loyal to the British Empire and was noted for his actions in saving European lives.Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, (2001) After the rebellion, he penned the booklet ''The Causes of the Indian Mutiny'' – a daring critique, at the time, of British policies that he blamed for causing the revolt. Believing that the future of Muslims was threatened by the rigidity of their orthodox outlook, Sir Syed began promoting Western–style scientific education by founding modern schools and journals and organising Muslim entrepreneurs. In 1859, Syed established Gulshan School at Muradabad, Victoria School at Ghazipur in 1863, and a scientific society for Muslims in 1864. In 1875, founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, the first Muslim university in South Asia. During his career, Syed repeatedly called upon Muslims to loyally serve the British Empire and promoted the adoption of Urdu as the lingua franca of all Indian Muslims. Syed heavily critiqued the Indian National Congress. Syed maintains a strong legacy in Pakistan and Indian Muslims. He strongly influenced other Muslim leaders including Allama Iqbal and Jinnah. His advocacy of Islam's rationalist (Muʿtazila) tradition, and at broader, radical reinterpretation of the Quran to make it compatible with science and modernity, continues to influence the global Islamic reformation. Many universities and public buildings in Pakistan bear Sir Syed's name. Aligarh Muslim University celebrated his 200th birth centenary with much enthusiasm on 17 October 2017. Former President of India shri Pranab Mukherjee was the chief guest.

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Syed Mahmood

Justice Syed Mahmood (also spelled Sayyid Mahmud) (24 May 1850 – 8 May 1903) was Puisne Judge of the High Court, North-Western Provinces from 1887 to 1893, after having served in the High Court in a temporary capacity as officiating judge on four previous periods since 1882.

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Syed Ziaur Rahman

Syed Ziaur Rahman is a permanent member of 'Board of Trustees' and Chair of the Advisory Council (Section 3), International Association of Medical Colleges (IAOMC).

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Table manners

Table manners are the rules used while eating, which may also include the use of utensils.

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Tafsir

Tafsir (lit) is the Arabic word for exegesis, usually of the Qur'an.

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Tehzeeb-ul-Akhlaq

Tehzeeb-ul-Ikhlaq was a journal published by the Muslim reformer Sir Syed Ahmed Khan between 1871 and 1897.

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Theodore Beck

Theodore Beck (4 July 1859 Stoke Newington – 2 September 1899, ShimlaBuckland, C. E., Dictionary of Indian biography, 1906) was a Quaker and British educationalist working for the British Raj in India, who was invited by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan to serve as the Principal of the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh after Mr.

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Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In the old calendar, the new year began on March 25, not January 1. Paine's birth date, therefore, would have been before New Year, 1737. In the new style, his birth date advances by eleven days and his year increases by one to February 9, 1737. The O.S. link gives more detail if needed. – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist and revolutionary.

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Thomas Walker Arnold

Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, CIE (19 April 1864–9 June 1930) was a British orientalist and historian of Islamic art who taught at Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh Muslim University (then Aligarh College), and Government College University, Lahore.

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United Patriotic Association

The United Patriotic Association was a political organisation founded in 1888 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the founder of the Aligarh Muslim University, and Raja Shiv Prasad Singh of Benaras.

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United Provinces of Agra and Oudh

The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 1902 to 1947; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

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University of Allahabad

The University of Allahabad, informally known as Allahabad University, is a public central university located in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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University of Calcutta

The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a public state university located in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India established on 24 January 1857.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Edinburgh

The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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University of the Punjab

The University of the Punjab (جامعہ پنجاب), also referred to as Punjab University, is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Urdu

Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.

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Urdu Defence Association

The Urdu Defence Association was an organisation developed by Mohsin-ul-Mulk, starting in 1900, for the advocacy of Urdu as the lingua franca of the Muslim community of India.

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.

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Victoria School

Victoria School (VS) is Singapore's second government secondary school.

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Vizier

A vizier (rarely; وزير wazīr; وازیر vazīr; vezir; Chinese: 宰相 zǎixiàng; উজির ujira; Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu): वज़ीर or وزیر vazeer; Punjabi: ਵਜ਼ੀਰ or وزير vazīra, sometimes spelt vazir, vizir, vasir, wazir, vesir or vezir) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister.

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Women's College, Aligarh Muslim University

Women's College AMU, Aligarh is a college of Aligarh Muslim University in Uttar Pradesh.

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Wrestling

Wrestling is a combat sport involving grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds.

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Yunani medicine

"Yunani" or "Unani medicine" (Urdu: طب یونانی tibb yūnānī) is the term for Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Mughal India and in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia.

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Zakir Husain (politician)

Zakir Husain Khan (8 February 1897 – 3 May 1969) was the third President of India, from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969.

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Ziauddin Ahmad

Sir Ziauddin Ahmad CIE, MP (born Ziauddin Ahmed Zuberi on 13 February 1878 – died on 23 December 1947) was a mathematician, parliamentarian, logician, natural philosopher, politician, political theorist, educationist and a scholar.

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Redirects here:

Saiyid Ahmed Khan, Sayed Ahmad Khan, Sayyed Ahmad Khan, Sayyed Ahmed Khan, Sayyid Ahmad, Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Sayyid Ahman Khan, Sayyid Ahmed Khan, Sayyid, Ahmad Khan, Sir Syed, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Bahadur, Sir syed ahmad khan, Syed Ahmad, Syed Ahmed Khan, Syed Ahmed Khan Bahadur.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan

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