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Programming language

A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. ^[1]

263 relations: Abstract machine, Abstraction (computer science), Abstraction principle (computer programming), Ada (programming language), Addison-Wesley, Alan Jeffrey, Alan Perlis, ALGOL, Algorithm, American National Standards Institute, Anonymous function, Application software, Artificial intelligence, Assembly language, Backus–Naur form, Ballerina (programming language), BASIC, Batch processing, BCPL, Benjamin C. Pierce, Blockly, C (programming language), C Sharp (programming language), C++, Cambridge University Press, Carbon (programming language), Chomsky hierarchy, Class (computer programming), Clojure, COBOL, Colorless green ideas sleep furiously, Command (computing), Command-line interface, Common Language Runtime, Comparison of programming languages, Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions), Compile time, Compiler, Computer architecture, Computer hardware, Computer language, Computer network, Computer program, Computer programming, Computer science, Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming, Concurrency (computer science), Conditional (computer programming), Constructed language, Context-free grammar, ... Expand index (213 more) » « Shrink index
Notation
Programming language classification

Abstract machine

In computer science, an abstract machine is a theoretical model that allows for a detailed and precise analysis of how a computer system functions.

See Programming language and Abstract machine

Abstraction (computer science)

In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is the process of generalizing concrete details, such as attributes, away from the study of objects and systems to focus attention on details of greater importance.

See Programming language and Abstraction (computer science)

Abstraction principle (computer programming)

In software engineering and programming language theory, the abstraction principle (or the principle of abstraction) is a basic dictum that aims to reduce duplication of information in a program (usually with emphasis on code duplication) whenever practical by making use of abstractions provided by the programming language or software libraries.

See Programming language and Abstraction principle (computer programming)

Ada (programming language)

Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level programming language, inspired by Pascal and other languages. Programming language and Ada (programming language) are programming languages.

See Programming language and Ada (programming language)

Addison-Wesley

Addison–Wesley is an American publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

See Programming language and Addison-Wesley

Alan Jeffrey

Alan Samuel Jeffrey (born 18 October 1963) is a former Irish cricketer.

See Programming language and Alan Jeffrey

Alan Perlis

Alan Jay Perlis (April 1, 1922 – February 7, 1990) was an American computer scientist and professor at Purdue University, Carnegie Mellon University and Yale University.

See Programming language and Alan Perlis

ALGOL

ALGOL (short for "Algorithmic Language") is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in 1958.

See Programming language and ALGOL

Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation.

See Programming language and Algorithm

American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

See Programming language and American National Standards Institute

Anonymous function

In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, lambda abstraction, lambda function, lambda expression or block) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier.

See Programming language and Anonymous function

Application software

An application program (software application, or application, or app for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users.

See Programming language and Application software

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.

See Programming language and Artificial intelligence

Assembly language

In computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions.

See Programming language and Assembly language

Backus–Naur form

In computer science, Backus–Naur form (BNF or Backus normal form) is a notation used to describe the syntax of programming languages or other formal languages.

See Programming language and Backus–Naur form

Ballerina (programming language)

Ballerina is an open source general-purpose programming language designed by WSO2 for cloud-era application programmers.

See Programming language and Ballerina (programming language)

BASIC

BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. Programming language and BASIC are programming languages.

See Programming language and BASIC

Batch processing

Computerized batch processing is a method of running software programs called jobs in batches automatically.

See Programming language and Batch processing

BCPL

BCPL ("Basic Combined Programming Language") is a procedural, imperative, and structured programming language.

See Programming language and BCPL

Benjamin C. Pierce

Benjamin Crawford Pierce is the Henry Salvatori Professor of computer science at the University of Pennsylvania.

See Programming language and Benjamin C. Pierce

Blockly

Blockly is a client-side library for the programming language JavaScript for creating block-based visual programming languages (VPLs) and editors.

See Programming language and Blockly

C (programming language)

C (pronounced – like the letter c) is a general-purpose programming language.

See Programming language and C (programming language)

C Sharp (programming language)

C# is a general-purpose high-level programming language supporting multiple paradigms. Programming language and c Sharp (programming language) are programming languages.

See Programming language and C Sharp (programming language)

C++

C++ (pronounced "C plus plus" and sometimes abbreviated as CPP) is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup.

See Programming language and C++

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Carbon (programming language)

Carbon is an experimental programming language designed for connectiveness with C++. Programming language and Carbon (programming language) are programming languages.

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Chomsky hierarchy

The Chomsky hierarchy in the fields of formal language theory, computer science, and linguistics, is a containment hierarchy of classes of formal grammars.

See Programming language and Chomsky hierarchy

Class (computer programming)

In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class.

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Clojure

Clojure (like closure) is a dynamic and functional dialect of the Lisp programming language on the Java platform. Like most other Lisps, Clojure's syntax is built on S-expressions that are first parsed into data structures by a reader before being compiled. Clojure's reader supports literal syntax for maps, sets and vectors along with lists, and these are compiled to the mentioned structures directly. Programming language and Clojure are programming languages.

See Programming language and Clojure

COBOL

COBOL (an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.

See Programming language and COBOL

Colorless green ideas sleep furiously

Colorless green ideas sleep furiously was composed by Noam Chomsky in his 1957 book Syntactic Structures as an example of a sentence that is grammatically well-formed, but semantically nonsensical.

See Programming language and Colorless green ideas sleep furiously

Command (computing)

In computing, a command is a directive to a computer program to perform a specific task.

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Command-line interface

A command-line interface (CLI) is a means of interacting with a computer program by inputting lines of text called command-lines.

See Programming language and Command-line interface

Common Language Runtime

The Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine component of Microsoft.NET Framework, manages the execution of.NET programs.

See Programming language and Common Language Runtime

Comparison of programming languages

Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer).

See Programming language and Comparison of programming languages

Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

This article compares a large number of programming languages by tabulating their data types, their expression, statement, and declaration syntax, and some common operating-system interfaces.

See Programming language and Comparison of programming languages (basic instructions)

Compile time

In computer science, compile time (or compile-time) describes the time window during which a language's statements are converted into binary instructions for the processor to execute.

See Programming language and Compile time

Compiler

In computing, a compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language (the target language).

See Programming language and Compiler

Computer architecture

In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts.

See Programming language and Computer architecture

Computer hardware

Computer hardware includes the physical parts of a computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), motherboard, computer data storage, graphics card, sound card, and computer case.

See Programming language and Computer hardware

Computer language

A computer language is a formal language used to communicate with a computer.

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Computer network

A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes.

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Computer program

A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute.

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Computer programming

Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks.

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Computer science

Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.

See Programming language and Computer science

Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming

Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming is a textbook published in 2004 about general computer programming concepts from MIT Press written by Université catholique de Louvain professor Peter Van Roy and Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden professor Seif Haridi.

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Concurrency (computer science)

In computer science, concurrency is the ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the outcome.

See Programming language and Concurrency (computer science)

Conditional (computer programming)

In computer science, conditionals (that is, conditional statements, conditional expressions and conditional constructs) are programming language constructs that perform different computations or actions or return different values depending on the value of a Boolean expression, called a condition.

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Constructed language

A constructed language (shortened to conlang) is a language whose phonology, grammar, orthography, and vocabulary, instead of having developed naturally, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a work of fiction.

See Programming language and Constructed language

Context-free grammar

In formal language theory, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar whose production rules can be applied to a nonterminal symbol regardless of its context.

See Programming language and Context-free grammar

Control flow

In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated.

See Programming language and Control flow

Daniel P. Friedman

Daniel Paul Friedman (born 1944) is a professor of Computer Science at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.

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Data exchange

Data exchange is the process of taking data structured under a source schema and transforming it into a target schema, so that the target data is an accurate representation of the source data.

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Data model

A data model is an abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities.

See Programming language and Data model

Data structure

In computer science, a data structure is a data organization, and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data.

See Programming language and Data structure

Data-flow analysis

Data-flow analysis is a technique for gathering information about the possible set of values calculated at various points in a computer program.

See Programming language and Data-flow analysis

David Gelernter

David Hillel Gelernter (born March 5, 1955) is an American computer scientist, artist, and writer.

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David Watt (computer scientist)

David Anthony Watt (born 5 November 1946) is a British computer scientist.

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Debugging

In engineering, debugging is the process of finding the root cause of and workarounds and possible fixes for bugs.

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Decidability (logic)

In logic, a true/false decision problem is decidable if there exists an effective method for deriving the correct answer.

See Programming language and Decidability (logic)

Declaration (computer programming)

In computer programming, a declaration is a language construct specifying identifier properties: it declares a word's (identifier's) meaning.

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Definite assignment analysis

In computer science, definite assignment analysis is a data-flow analysis used by compilers to conservatively ensure that a variable or location is always assigned before it is used.

See Programming language and Definite assignment analysis

Dialect

Dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word, 'discourse', from, 'through' and, 'I speak') refers to two distinctly different types of linguistic relationships.

See Programming language and Dialect

Distributed computing

Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems, defined as computer systems whose inter-communicating components are located on different networked computers.

See Programming language and Distributed computing

Domain-specific language

A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain. Programming language and domain-specific language are programming language classification.

See Programming language and Domain-specific language

Domain-specific modeling

Domain-specific modeling (DSM) is a software engineering methodology for designing and developing systems, such as computer software.

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Dynamic dispatch

In computer science, dynamic dispatch is the process of selecting which implementation of a polymorphic operation (method or function) to call at run time.

See Programming language and Dynamic dispatch

Edsger W. Dijkstra

Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (11 May 1930 – 6 August 2002) was a Dutch computer scientist, programmer, software engineer, mathematician, and science essayist.

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Ellis Horowitz

Ellis Horowitz is an American computer scientist and Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at the University of Southern California (USC).

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Erlang (programming language)

Erlang is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional high-level programming language, and a garbage-collected runtime system. Programming language and Erlang (programming language) are programming languages.

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Esoteric programming language

An esoteric programming language (sometimes shortened to esolang) is a programming language designed to test the boundaries of computer programming language design, as a proof of concept, as software art, as a hacking interface to another language (particularly functional programming or procedural programming languages), or as a joke. Programming language and esoteric programming language are programming language classification.

See Programming language and Esoteric programming language

Essentials of Programming Languages

Essentials of Programming Languages (EOPL) is a textbook on programming languages by Daniel P. Friedman, Mitchell Wand, and Christopher T. Haynes.

See Programming language and Essentials of Programming Languages

Evaluation strategy

In a programming language, an evaluation strategy is a set of rules for evaluating expressions.

See Programming language and Evaluation strategy

Exception handling

In computing and computer programming, exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – during the execution of a program.

See Programming language and Exception handling

Exception handling (programming)

In computer programming, several language mechanisms exist for exception handling.

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Executable

In computer science, executable code, an executable file, or an executable program, sometimes simply referred to as an executable or binary, causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions", as opposed to a data file that must be interpreted (parsed) by an interpreter to be functional.

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Execution (computing)

Execution in computer and software engineering is the process by which a computer or virtual machine interprets and acts on the instructions of a computer program.

See Programming language and Execution (computing)

Extensible programming

Extensible programming is a term used in computer science to describe a style of computer programming that focuses on mechanisms to extend the programming language, compiler, and runtime system (environment).

See Programming language and Extensible programming

F Sharp (programming language)

F# (pronounced F sharp) is a general-purpose, high-level, strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods.

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Fifth-generation programming language

A fifth-generation programming language (5GL) is a high-level programming language based on problem-solving using constraints given to the program, rather than using an algorithm written by a programmer. Programming language and fifth-generation programming language are programming language classification.

See Programming language and Fifth-generation programming language

First-generation programming language

A first-generation programming language (1GL) is a machine-level programming language and belongs to the low-level programming languages. Programming language and first-generation programming language are programming language classification.

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Formal grammar

A formal grammar describes which strings from an alphabet of a formal language are valid according to the language's syntax.

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Formal language

In logic, mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language consists of words whose letters are taken from an alphabet and are well-formed according to a specific set of rules called a formal grammar.

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Formal specification

In computer science, formal specifications are mathematically based techniques whose purpose are to help with the implementation of systems and software.

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Forth (programming language)

Forth is a stack-oriented programming language and interactive integrated development environment designed by Charles H. "Chuck" Moore and first used by other programmers in 1970. Programming language and Forth (programming language) are programming languages.

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Fortran

Fortran (formerly FORTRAN) is a third generation, compiled, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

See Programming language and Fortran

Function (computer programming)

In computer programming, a function, procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram is a callable unit of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times.

See Programming language and Function (computer programming)

Functional programming

In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions.

See Programming language and Functional programming

Garbage collection (computer science)

In computer science, garbage collection (GC) is a form of automatic memory management.

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Generic programming

Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of data types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters.

See Programming language and Generic programming

Go (programming language)

Go is a statically typed, compiled high-level programming language designed at Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson. Programming language and Go (programming language) are programming languages.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational corporation and technology company focusing on online advertising, search engine technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, consumer electronics, and artificial intelligence (AI).

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Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.

Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc., 593 U.S. ___ (2021), was a U.S. Supreme Court decision related to the nature of computer code and copyright law.

See Programming language and Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc.

Graphical user interface

A graphical user interface, or GUI, is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation.

See Programming language and Graphical user interface

Halting problem

In computability theory, the halting problem is the problem of determining, from a description of an arbitrary computer program and an input, whether the program will finish running, or continue to run forever.

See Programming language and Halting problem

Haskell

Haskell is a general-purpose, statically-typed, purely functional programming language with type inference and lazy evaluation.

See Programming language and Haskell

Heap (data structure)

In computer science, a heap is a tree-based data structure that satisfies the heap property: In a max heap, for any given node C, if P is a parent node of C, then the key (the value) of P is greater than or equal to the key of C. In a min heap, the key of P is less than or equal to the key of C. The node at the "top" of the heap (with no parents) is called the root node.

See Programming language and Heap (data structure)

High-level programming language

In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. Programming language and high-level programming language are programming language classification.

See Programming language and High-level programming language

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser.

See Programming language and HTML

Human resources

Human resources (HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy.

See Programming language and Human resources

Identifier

An identifier is a name that identifies (that is, labels the identity of) either a unique object or a unique class of objects, where the "object" or class may be an idea, physical countable object (or class thereof), or physical noncountable substance (or class thereof).

See Programming language and Identifier

Imperative programming

In computer science, imperative programming is a programming paradigm of software that uses statements that change a program's state.

See Programming language and Imperative programming

Inheritance (object-oriented programming)

In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object (prototype-based inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining similar implementation.

See Programming language and Inheritance (object-oriented programming)

Internet

The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.

See Programming language and Internet

Interpreter (computing)

In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language, without requiring them previously to have been compiled into a machine language program.

See Programming language and Interpreter (computing)

Invariant-based programming

Invariant-based programming is a programming methodology where specifications and invariants are written before the actual program statements.

See Programming language and Invariant-based programming

Java (programming language)

Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. Programming language and Java (programming language) are programming languages.

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JavaScript

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS.

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John C. Mitchell

John Clifford Mitchell is professor of computer science and (by courtesy) electrical engineering at Stanford University.

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John C. Reynolds

John Charles Reynolds (June 1, 1935 – April 28, 2013) was an American computer scientist.

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Just-in-time compilation

In computing, just-in-time (JIT) compilation (also dynamic translation or run-time compilations) is compilation (of computer code) during execution of a program (at run time) rather than before execution.

See Programming language and Just-in-time compilation

LabVIEW

Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language developed by National Instruments.

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Language primitive

In computing, language primitives are the simplest elements available in a programming language.

See Programming language and Language primitive

Language-oriented programming

Language-oriented programming (LOP) is a software-development paradigm where "language" is a software building block with the same status as objects, modules and components, and rather than solving problems in general-purpose programming languages, the programmer creates one or more domain-specific languages (DSLs) for the problem first, and solves the problem in those languages.

See Programming language and Language-oriented programming

LaTeX

LaTeX (or, often stylized with vertically offset letters) is a software system for typesetting documents.

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Lexical analysis

Lexical tokenization is conversion of a text into (semantically or syntactically) meaningful lexical tokens belonging to categories defined by a "lexer" program.

See Programming language and Lexical analysis

Library (computing)

In computer science, a library is a collection of read-only resources that is leveraged during software development to implement a computer program.

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Lisp (programming language)

Lisp (historically LISP, an abbreviation of "list processing") is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation. Programming language and Lisp (programming language) are programming languages.

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List of BASIC dialects

This is an alphabetical list of BASIC dialects – interpreted and compiled variants of the BASIC programming language.

See Programming language and List of BASIC dialects

List of educational programming languages

An educational programming language is a programming language that is designed mostly as an instrument for learning, and less as a tool for writing programs to perform work. Programming language and List of educational programming languages are programming language classification.

See Programming language and List of educational programming languages

List of programming language researchers

The following is list of researchers of programming language theory, design, implementation, and related areas.

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Lists of programming languages

There are thousands of programming languages. Programming language and Lists of programming languages are programming languages.

See Programming language and Lists of programming languages

Literate programming

Literate programming is a programming paradigm introduced in 1984 by Donald Knuth in which a computer program is given as an explanation of how it works in a natural language, such as English, interspersed (embedded) with snippets of macros and traditional source code, from which compilable source code can be generated.

See Programming language and Literate programming

Logic

Logic is the study of correct reasoning.

See Programming language and Logic

Logic programming

Logic programming is a programming, database and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic.

See Programming language and Logic programming

Luca Cardelli

Luca Andrea Cardelli is an Italian computer scientist who is a research professor at the University of Oxford, UK.

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Machine code

In computer programming, machine code is computer code consisting of machine language instructions, which are used to control a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

See Programming language and Machine code

Macro (computer science)

In computer programming, a macro (short for "macro instruction") is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input should be mapped to a replacement output.

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Mads Tofte

Mads Tofte (born 20 April 1959) is a Danish computer scientist who has contributed in particular to functional programming and the Standard ML programming language.

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Mainframe computer

A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and large-scale transaction processing.

See Programming language and Mainframe computer

Manifest typing

In computer science, manifest typing is explicit identification by the software programmer of the type of each variable being declared.

See Programming language and Manifest typing

Markup language

A markup language is a text-encoding system which specifies the structure and formatting of a document and potentially the relationship between its parts.

See Programming language and Markup language

Martin Odersky

Martin Odersky (born 5 September 1958) is a German computer scientist and professor of programming methods at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland.

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Marvin Zelkowitz

Marvin Victor Zelkowitz (born 7 August 1945) is an American computer scientist and engineer.

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Mathematical optimization

Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria, from some set of available alternatives.

See Programming language and Mathematical optimization

MATLAB

MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory") is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks.

See Programming language and MATLAB

Memory management

Memory management is a form of resource management applied to computer memory.

See Programming language and Memory management

Message passing

In computer science, message passing is a technique for invoking behavior (i.e., running a program) on a computer.

See Programming language and Message passing

Meta-circular evaluator

In computing, a meta-circular evaluator (MCE) or meta-circular interpreter (MCI) is an interpreter which defines each feature of the interpreted language using a similar facility of the interpreter's host language.

See Programming language and Meta-circular evaluator

Metaprogramming

Metaprogramming is a computer programming technique in which computer programs have the ability to treat other programs as their data.

See Programming language and Metaprogramming

Michael L. Scott

Michael Lee Scott (born 1959) is a professor of computer science at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York.

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Microcontroller

A microcontroller (MC, UC, or μC) or microcontroller unit (MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit.

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Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a computer processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Mitchell Wand

Mitchell Wand is a computer science professor at Northeastern University.

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ML (programming language)

ML (Meta Language) is a general-purpose, high-level, functional programming language.

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Modeling language

A modeling language is any artificial language that can be used to express data, information or knowledge or systems in a structure that is defined by a consistent set of rules.

See Programming language and Modeling language

Monitor (synchronization)

In concurrent programming, a monitor is a synchronization construct that prevents threads from concurrently accessing a shared object's state and allows them to wait for the state to change.

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Morgan Kaufmann Publishers

Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is a Burlington, Massachusetts (San Francisco, California until 2008) based publisher specializing in computer science and engineering content.

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Murdoch University

Murdoch University is a public university in Perth, Western Australia, with campuses also in Singapore and Dubai.

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Natural language

In neuropsychology, linguistics, and philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that occurs naturally in a human community by a process of use, repetition, and change without conscious planning or premeditation.

See Programming language and Natural language

Natural-language programming

Natural-language programming (NLP) is an ontology-assisted way of programming in terms of natural-language sentences, e.g. English.

See Programming language and Natural-language programming

Null pointer

In computing, a null pointer or null reference is a value saved for indicating that the pointer or reference does not refer to a valid object.

See Programming language and Null pointer

Object-oriented programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and code in the form of procedures (often known as methods).

See Programming language and Object-oriented programming

Open science

Open science is the movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of society, amateur or professional.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

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Oracle Corporation

Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology company headquartered in Austin, Texas.

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Outline of computer science

Computer science (also called computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.

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Outline of software engineering

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering: Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Parameter (computer programming)

In computer programming, a parameter or a formal argument is a special kind of variable used in a subroutine to refer to one of the pieces of data provided as input to the subroutine.

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Pascal (programming language)

Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, designed by Niklaus Wirth as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.

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Perl

Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Programming language and Perl are programming languages.

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Personal computer

A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use.

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Peter H. Salus

Peter Henry Salus is a linguist, computer scientist, historian of technology, author in many fields, and an editor of books and journals.

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Peter Wegner

Peter A. Wegner (August 20, 1932 – July 27, 2017) was a professor of computer science at Brown University from 1969 to 1999.

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PHP

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. Programming language and PHP are programming languages.

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Pointer (computer programming)

In computer science, a pointer is an object in many programming languages that stores a memory address.

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Polymorphism (computer science)

In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism is the use of a single symbol to represent multiple different types.

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Porting

In software engineering, porting is the process of adapting software for the purpose of achieving some form of execution in a computing environment that is different from the one that a given program (meant for such execution) was originally designed for (e.g., different CPU, operating system, or third party library).

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PostScript

PostScript (often abbreviated as PS) is a page description language and dynamically typed, stack-based programming language.

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Programmer

A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code someone with skill in computer programming.

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Programming language implementation

In computer programming, a programming language implementation is a system for executing computer programs.

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Programming language theory

Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages.

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Programming languages used in most popular websites

One thing the most visited websites have in common is that they are dynamic websites.

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Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation

Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation (PLAI) is a free programming language textbook by Shriram Krishnamurthi. Programming language and programming Languages: Application and Interpretation are programming languages.

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Prolog

Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics.

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Pseudocode

In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions.

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Punched card

A punched card (also punch card or punched-card) is a piece of card stock that stores digital data using punched holes.

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PWCT

PWCT (Programming Without Coding Technology) is a free open source visual programming language for software development.

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Python (programming language)

Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Programming language and Python (programming language) are programming languages.

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R (programming language)

R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization.

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Racket (programming language)

Racket is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language.

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Raphael Finkel

Raphael Finkel (born 1951) is an American computer scientist and a retired professor at the University of Kentucky.

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Ravi Sethi

Ravi Sethi (born 1947) is an Indian computer scientist retired from executive roles at Bell Labs and Avaya Labs.

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Recursion

Recursion occurs when the definition of a concept or process depends on a simpler or previous version of itself.

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Reference implementation

In the software development process, a reference implementation (or, less frequently, sample implementation or model implementation) is a program that implements all requirements from a corresponding specification.

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Reflective programming

In computer science, reflective programming or reflection is the ability of a process to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior.

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Regular expression

A regular expression (shortened as regex or regexp), sometimes referred to as rational expression, is a sequence of characters that specifies a match pattern in text.

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Replication crisis

The replication crisis is an ongoing methodological crisis in which the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to reproduce.

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Rexx

Rexx (Restructured Extended Executor) is a programming language that can be interpreted or compiled.

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Rice's theorem

In computability theory, Rice's theorem states that all non-trivial semantic properties of programs are undecidable.

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Ring (programming language)

Ring is a dynamically typed, general-purpose programming language. Programming language and Ring (programming language) are programming languages.

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Robert Harper (computer scientist)

Robert William "Bob" Harper, Jr. (born) is a computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon University who works in programming language research.

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Ruby (programming language)

Ruby is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language.

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Rust (programming language)

Rust is a general-purpose programming language emphasizing performance, type safety, and concurrency.

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S-expression

In computer programming, an S-expression (or symbolic expression, abbreviated as sexpr or sexp) is an expression in a like-named notation for nested list (tree-structured) data.

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Scheme (programming language)

Scheme is a dialect of the Lisp family of programming languages.

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Scientific programming language

In computer programming, a scientific programming language can refer to two degrees of the same concept.

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Scratch (programming language)

Scratch is a high-level, block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience of ages 8 to 16.

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Scripting language

In computing, a script is a relatively short and simple set of instructions that typically automate an otherwise manual process.

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Second-generation programming language

The label of second-generation programming language (2GL) is a generational way to categorize assembly languages. Programming language and second-generation programming language are programming language classification.

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Semantics (computer science)

In programming language theory, semantics is the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages.

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Semaphore (programming)

In computer science, a semaphore is a variable or abstract data type used to control access to a common resource by multiple threads and avoid critical section problems in a concurrent system such as a multitasking operating system.

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Server (computing)

A server is a computer that provides information to other computers called "clients" on computer network.

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Service-oriented programming

Service-oriented programming (SOP) is a programming paradigm that uses "services" as the unit of computer work, to design and implement integrated business applications and mission critical software programs.

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Session (computer science)

In computer science and networking in particular, a session is a time-delimited two-way link, a practical (relatively high) layer in the TCP/IP protocol enabling interactive expression and information exchange between two or more communication devices or ends – be they computers, automated systems, or live active users (see login session).

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Shriram Krishnamurthi

Shriram Krishnamurthi is a computer scientist, currently a professor of computer science at Brown University and a member of the core development group for the Racket programming languages, responsible for creation of software packages including the Debugger, the FrTime package, and the networking library.

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SIGPLAN

SIGPLAN is the Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on programming languages.

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Simula

Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard. Programming language and simula are programming languages.

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Smalltalk

Smalltalk is a purely object oriented programming language (OOP) that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business. Programming language and Smalltalk are programming languages.

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Software bug

A software bug is a bug in computer software.

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Software engineering

Software engineering is an engineering approach to software development.

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Software release life cycle

The software release life cycle is the process of developing, testing, and distributing a software product (e.g., an operating system).

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Source code

In computing, source code, or simply code or source, is a plain text computer program written in a programming language.

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SQL

Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced S-Q-L; historically "sequel") is a domain-specific language used to manage data, especially in a relational database management system (RDBMS).

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SQL-92

SQL-92 was the third revision of the SQL database query language.

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Standard Generalized Markup Language

The Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML; ISO 8879:1986) is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents.

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Standard ML

Standard ML (SML) is a general-purpose, high-level, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference.

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Statement (computer science)

In computer programming, a statement is a syntactic unit of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out.

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Static program analysis

In computer science, static program analysis (also known as static analysis or static simulation) is the analysis of computer programs performed without executing them, in contrast with dynamic program analysis, which is performed on programs during their execution in the integrated environment.

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String (computer science)

In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable.

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String literal

A string literal or anonymous string is a literal for a string value in the source code of a computer program.

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Strong and weak typing

In computer programming, one of the many ways that programming languages are colloquially classified is whether the language's type system makes it strongly typed or weakly typed (loosely typed).

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Structured English

Structured English is the use of the English language with the syntax of structured programming to communicate the design of a computer program to non-technical users by breaking it down into logical steps using straightforward English words.

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Subset

In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B. The relationship of one set being a subset of another is called inclusion (or sometimes containment).

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Subtyping

In programming language theory, subtyping (also called subtype polymorphism or inclusion polymorphism) is a form of type polymorphism.

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Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a type of computer with a high level of performance as compared to a general-purpose computer.

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Swift (programming language)

Swift is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language created by Chris Lattner in 2010 for Apple Inc. and maintained by the open-source community. Programming language and Swift (programming language) are programming languages.

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Switch statement

In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via search and map.

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Syntax (programming languages)

In computer science, the syntax of a computer language is the rules that define the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured statements or expressions in that language.

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Tcl

Tcl (pronounced "tickle" or as an initialism) is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language.

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Theory of computation

In theoretical computer science and mathematics, the theory of computation is the branch that deals with what problems can be solved on a model of computation, using an algorithm, how efficiently they can be solved or to what degree (e.g., approximate solutions versus precise ones).

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Third-generation programming language

A third-generation programming language (3GL) is a high-level computer programming language that tends to be more machine-independent and programmer-friendly than the machine code of the first-generation and assembly languages of the second-generation, while having a less specific focus to the fourth and fifth generations. Programming language and third-generation programming language are programming language classification.

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TIOBE index

The TIOBE programming community index is a measure of popularity of programming languages, created and maintained by TIOBE Software BV, based in Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

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Troff

troff, short for "typesetter roff", is the major component of a document processing system developed by Bell Labs for the Unix operating system.

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Turing completeness

In computability theory, a system of data-manipulation rules (such as a model of computation, a computer's instruction set, a programming language, or a cellular automaton) is said to be Turing-complete or computationally universal if it can be used to simulate any Turing machine (devised by English mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing).

See Programming language and Turing completeness

Type inference

Type inference, sometimes called type reconstruction, refers to the automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language.

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Type safety

In computer science, type safety and type soundness are the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors.

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Type system

In computer programming, a type system is a logical system comprising a set of rules that assigns a property called a ''type'' (for example, integer, floating point, string) to every term (a word, phrase, or other set of symbols).

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Type theory

In mathematics and theoretical computer science, a type theory is the formal presentation of a specific type system.

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Types and Programming Languages

Types and Programming Languages,, is a book by Benjamin C. Pierce on type systems published in 2002.

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UNCOL

UNCOL (Universal Computer Oriented Language) is a universal intermediate language for compilers.

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Undecidable problem

In computability theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is proved to be impossible to construct an algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer.

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Undefined behavior

In computer programming, undefined behavior (UB) is the result of executing a program whose behavior is prescribed to be unpredictable, in the language specification of the programming language in which the source code is written.

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Unity (game engine)

Unity is a cross-platform game engine developed by Unity Technologies, first announced and released in June 2005 at Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a Mac OS X game engine.

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Unix shell

A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a command line user interface for Unix-like operating systems.

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Unreal Engine

Unreal Engine (UE) is a 3D computer graphics game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter video game Unreal.

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Variable (computer science)

In computer programming, a variable is an abstract storage location paired with an associated symbolic name, which contains some known or unknown quantity of data or object referred to as a value; or in simpler terms, a variable is a named container for a particular set of bits or type of data (like integer, float, string, etc...).

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VBScript

VBScript (Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition) is a deprecated programming language for scripting on Microsoft Windows using Component Object Model (COM) based on classic Visual Basic and Active Scripting.

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Visual Basic (.NET)

Visual Basic (VB), originally called Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET), is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on.NET, Mono, and the.NET Framework.

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Visual programming language

In computing, a visual programming language (visual programming system, VPL, or, VPS), also known as diagrammatic programming, graphical programming or block coding, is a programming language that lets users create programs by manipulating program elements rather than by specifying them. Programming language and visual programming language are programming language classification.

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Von Neumann architecture

The von Neumann architecture—also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture—is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann, and by others, in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC.

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Web page

A web page (or webpage) is a document on the Web that is accessed in a web browser.

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Well-formedness

In linguistics, well-formedness is the quality of a clause, word, or other linguistic element that conforms to the grammar of the language of which it is a part.

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Wolfram Language

The Wolfram Language is a proprietary, general very high-level multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research.

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is an information system that enables content sharing over the Internet through user-friendly ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists.

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World Wide Web Consortium

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web.

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XML

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data.

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XSLT

XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is a language originally designed for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL Formatting Objects, which may subsequently be converted to other formats, such as PDF, PostScript and PNG. Programming language and XSLT are programming languages.

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Zig (programming language)

Zig is an imperative, general-purpose, statically typed, compiled system programming language designed by Andrew Kelley. Programming language and Zig (programming language) are programming languages.

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.NET

The.NET platform (pronounced as "dot net") is a free and open-source, managed computer software framework for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language

Also known as Coding language, Computer programming language, Computer-oriented language, Dialect (computing), Dialecting, Execution semantics, Pattern directed invocation programming language, Proglang, Programming Languages, Programming language dialect, ProgrammingLanguage, ProgrammingLanguages, Proprietary programming language, Proprietary scripting language, Research programming language, Static semantics, Typed and untyped languages, Untyped language, Untyped programming language.

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