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Tracheal intubation

Index Tracheal intubation

Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. [1]

286 relations: Académie Nationale de Médecine, Acidosis, Active pixel sensor, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Adenoid, Adrenaline, Airtraq, Airway management, Altered level of consciousness, American Heart Association, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Anaesthesia (journal), Anatomy, Ancient history, Andalusia, Andreas Vesalius, Anesthesia, Anesthesia & Analgesia, Anesthesiologist, Angioedema, Annals of Emergency Medicine, Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, Antonio Musa Brassavola, Aphonia, Apnea, Armand Trousseau, Arterial blood gas test, Artificial ventilation, Arytenoid cartilage, Asclepiades of Bithynia, Asphyxia, Aspiration pneumonia, Atropine, Auscultation, Avicenna, Ayurveda, Bag valve mask, Barbiturate, Bariatric surgery, Birmingham gauge, Blade, Blunt trauma, Body mass index, Brachiocephalic artery, Breathing, Breathing gas, British Journal of Anaesthesia, Bronchial blocker, Bronchodilator, Bronchospasm, ..., Bronchus, Canadian Medical Association Journal, Capnography, Carbon dioxide, Cardiac arrest, Cardiothoracic surgery, Carina of trachea, Catheter, Central venous catheter, Cervical vertebrae, Chest radiograph, Chevalier Jackson, Chloroform, Circulatory collapse, Circulatory system, Cisatracurium besilate, Clavicle, Closed-head injury, CMOS, Coaxial, Colorimetry, Coma, Combitube, Complication (medicine), Control of ventilation, Cormack-Lehane classification system, Cough, Cricoid cartilage, Cricoid pressure, Cricothyroid ligament, Cricothyrotomy, Critical Care (journal), Croup, Crown (dentistry), De humani corporis fabrica, Desflurane, Diffusing capacity, Digital electronics, Diphtheria, Double-lumen endobronchial tube, Drowning, Ear canal, Ebers Papyrus, Edema, Egyptian medical papyri, Emergency medical services, Emergency medical technician, Emergency medicine, Endoscopy, Epigastrium, Epiglottitis, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Esophagus, Eugène Bouchut, Ferrara, Fiberscope, Fistula, Flail chest, Foreign body, Fraction of inspired oxygen, French catheter scale, Friedrich Trendelenburg, Galen, Gas exchange, General anaesthesia, General anaesthetic, Generalised tonic-clonic seizure, Germ theory of disease, Gestational age, Glasgow Coma Scale, Gold standard (test), Gums, Heart arrhythmia, Helium, Hematoma, Hieronymus Fabricius, Hoarse voice, Hypercapnia, Hypertension, Hypnotic, Hypoventilation, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia (medical), Ibn Zuhr, Indication (medicine), Indus Valley Civilisation, Information Age, Inhalational anaesthetic, Insufflation (medicine), Intensive care medicine, Intracranial pressure, Intraocular pressure, Intratracheal instillation, Intubation, Ischemia, Isoflurane, Isthmus of the fauces, Ivan Magill, Laryngeal mask airway, Laryngology, Laryngoscopy, Laryngospasm, Larynx, Laser medicine, Lesion, Lidocaine, Local anesthesia, Lumen (anatomy), Mallampati score, Mandible, Manuel García (baritone), Maxilla, Maxillary hypoplasia, Measuring instrument, Mechanical ventilation, Mediastinum, Medical history, Medical procedure, Medical sign, Medical ventilator, Micrognathism, Minimally invasive procedures, Modes of mechanical ventilation, Morell Mackenzie, National Cancer Institute, Natural rubber, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Neonatal Resuscitation Program, Neoplasm, Neuromuscular-blocking drug, Nitric oxide, Nitrous oxide, Nosebleed, Obesity-associated morbidity, Olympus Corporation, Operating theater, Opioid, Optical engineering, Optical fiber, Otorhinolaryngology, Oxygen, Oxygen saturation, Oxygen saturation (medicine), Oxygen therapy, Palate, Palatine uvula, Paramedic, Partial pressure, Pediatrics, Penetrating trauma, Percutaneous, Pergamon, Peripheral venous catheter, Peritonsillar abscess, PH, Pharynx, Physical examination, Physiology, Pneumonia, Poison, Poliomyelitis, Polytrauma, Polyvinyl chloride, Positive airway pressure, Preterm birth, Public hospital, Pulmonary aspiration, Pulmonary edema, Radiation therapy, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Reed (plant), Regurgitation (digestion), Respiratory acidosis, Respiratory sounds, Respiratory tract, Retrognathism, Retropharyngeal abscess, Rigveda, Risk–benefit ratio, Robert Reynolds Macintosh, Rocuronium bromide, Rudolf Schindler (doctor), Sanskrit, Secretion, Seldinger technique, Sequela, Sevoflurane, Shortness of breath, Silicone rubber, Simple face mask, Smoke inhalation, Soft palate, Spinal cord injury, Stainless steel, Stent, Stoma (medicine), Stroke, Stupor, Subglottic stenosis, Substance intoxication, Sushruta Samhita, Suxamethonium chloride, Swallowing, Symptom, Tachycardia, Temporomandibular joint, The BMJ, The Canon of Medicine, The New England Journal of Medicine, Thoracic cavity, Thyroid cartilage, Thyromental distance, Tidal volume, Tissue (biology), Tongue, Topical anesthetic, Torr, Trachea, Tracheal tube, Tracheobronchial injury, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Tracheomalacia, Tracheotomy, Transillumination, Trendelenburg position, University of Rostock, Vasopressin, Ventilation/perfusion ratio, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Viewing instrument, Vocal fold paresis, Vocal folds, Vocal pedagogy, Water vapor, William Macewen, Xenon. Expand index (236 more) »

Académie Nationale de Médecine

Situated at 16 rue Bonaparte in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the Académie nationale de médecine (National Academy of Medicine) was created in 1820 by king Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal.

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Acidosis

Acidosis is a process causing increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration).

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Active pixel sensor

An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensor where each picture element ("pixel") has a photodetector and an active amplifier.

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Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a medical condition occurring in critically ill or critically wounded patients characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs.

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Adenoid

The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil, is the superior-most of the tonsils.

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Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.

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Airtraq

Airtraq is a fibreoptic intubation device used for indirect (video or optic assisted) tracheal intubation in difficult airway situations.

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Airway management

Airway management includes a set of maneuvers and medical procedures performed to prevent and relieve airway obstruction.

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Altered level of consciousness

An altered level of consciousness is any measure of arousal other than normal.

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American Heart Association

The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke.

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American Society of Anesthesiologists

The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) is an educational, research and scientific association of physicians organized to raise the standards of the medical practice of anesthesiology and to improve patient care.

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Anaesthesia (journal)

Anaesthesia is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research in anaesthesiology.

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Anatomy

Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

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Ancient history

Ancient history is the aggregate of past events, "History" from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the post-classical history.

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Andalusia

Andalusia (Andalucía) is an autonomous community in southern Spain.

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Andreas Vesalius

Andreas Vesalius (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564) was a 16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body).

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Anesthesia

In the practice of medicine (especially surgery and dentistry), anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness.

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Anesthesia & Analgesia

Anesthesia & Analgesia is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering anesthesia, pain management, and perioperative medicine that was established in 1922.

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Anesthesiologist

An anesthesiologist is a physician trained in anesthesia and perioperative medicine.

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Angioedema

Angioedema is an area of swelling of the lower layer of skin and tissue just under the skin or mucous membranes.

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Annals of Emergency Medicine

The Annals of Emergency Medicine is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of emergency medicine care.

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Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure to treat nerve root or spinal cord compression by decompressing the spinal cord and nerve roots of the cervical spine with a discectomy in order to stabilize the corresponding vertebrae.

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Antonio Musa Brassavola

Antonio Musa Brassavola (variously spelled Brasavoli, Brasavola, or Brasavoli; 16 January 1500 – 1555) was an Italian physician and one of the most famous of his time.

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Aphonia

Aphonia is defined as the inability to produce voiced sound.

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Apnea

Apnea or apnoea is suspension of breathing.

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Armand Trousseau

Armand Trousseau (14 October 1801 – 23 June 1867) was a French internist.

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Arterial blood gas test

An arterial-blood gas (ABG) test measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Artificial ventilation

Artificial ventilation, (also called artificial respiration) is any means of assisting or stimulating respiration, a metabolic process referring to the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration.

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Arytenoid cartilage

The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small three-sided pyramids which form part of the larynx, to which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are attached.

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Asclepiades of Bithynia

Asclepiades (Ἀσκληπιάδης; c. 124 or 129 – 40 BC), sometimes called Asclepiades of Bithynia or Asclepiades of Prusa, was a Greek physician born at Prusias-on-Sea in Bithynia in Asia Minor and who flourished at Rome, where he established Greek medicine near the end of the 2nd century BC.

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Asphyxia

Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.

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Aspiration pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia is a type of lung infection that is due to a relatively large amount of material from the stomach or mouth entering the lungs.

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Atropine

Atropine is a medication to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate and to decrease saliva production during surgery.

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Auscultation

Auscultation (based on the Latin verb auscultare "to listen") is listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.

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Avicenna

Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.

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Ayurveda

Ayurveda is a system of medicine with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent.

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Bag valve mask

A bag valve mask, abbreviated to BVM and sometimes known by the proprietary name Ambu bag or generically as a manual resuscitator or "self-inflating bag", is a hand-held device commonly used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately.

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Barbiturate

A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to death.

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Bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) includes a variety of procedures performed on people who have obesity.

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Birmingham gauge

The Birmingham gauge is a wire gauge system, and is also used to specify thickness or diameter of hypodermic needles and tube products.

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Blade

A blade is the portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to puncture, chop, slice or scrape surfaces or materials.

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Blunt trauma

Blunt trauma, blunt injury, non-penetrating trauma or blunt force trauma is physical trauma to a body part, either by impact, injury or physical attack.

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Body mass index

The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.

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Brachiocephalic artery

The brachiocephalic artery (or brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery) is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck.

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Breathing

Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.

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Breathing gas

A breathing gas is a mixture of gaseous chemical elements and compounds used for respiration.

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British Journal of Anaesthesia

The British Journal of Anaesthesia (BJA) is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by Elsevier (Previously published by Oxford University Press until 2018) on behalf of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (and its Faculty of Pain Medicine), the College of Anaesthetists of Ireland and the Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists, for all of which it serves as their official journal.

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Bronchial blocker

An bronchial blocker (also called endobronchial blocker) is a device which can be inserted down a tracheal tube after tracheal intubation so as to block off the right or left main bronchus of the lungs in order to be able to achieve a controlled one sided ventilation of the lungs in thoracic surgery.

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Bronchodilator

A bronchodilator is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs.

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Bronchospasm

Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.

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Bronchus

A bronchus, is a passage of airway in the respiratory system that conducts air into the lungs.

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Canadian Medical Association Journal

The Canadian Medical Association Journal (French Journal de l'Association Médicale Canadienne) is a peer-reviewed general medical journal published by the Canadian Medical Association (CMA).

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Capnography

Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the respiratory gases.

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Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

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Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.

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Cardiothoracic surgery

Cardiothoracic surgery (also known as thoracic surgery) is the field of medicine involved in surgical treatment of organs inside the thorax (the chest)—generally treatment of conditions of the heart (heart disease) and lungs (lung disease).

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Carina of trachea

In anatomy, the carina is a ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs between the division of the two main bronchi.

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Catheter

In medicine, a catheter is a thin tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions.

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Central venous catheter

A central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line, central venous line, or central venous access catheter, is a catheter placed into a large vein.

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Cervical vertebrae

In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.

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Chest radiograph

A chest radiograph, colloquially called a chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film, is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures.

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Chevalier Jackson

Chevalier L. Jackson (November 4, 1865 – August 16, 1958) was an American pioneer in laryngology.

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Chloroform

Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with formula CHCl3.

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Circulatory collapse

A circulatory collapse is defined as a general or specific failure of the circulation, either cardiac or peripheral in nature.

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Circulatory system

The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.

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Cisatracurium besilate

Cisatracurium besilate (INN; cisatracurium besylate (USAN); formerly recognized as 51W89; trade name Nimbex) is a bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinolinium that has effect as a neuromuscular-blocking drug or skeletal muscle relaxant in the category of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs, used adjunctively in anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.

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Clavicle

The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone.

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Closed-head injury

Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact.

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CMOS

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor, abbreviated as CMOS, is a technology for constructing integrated circuits.

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Coaxial

In geometry, coaxial means that two or more three-dimensional linear forms share a common axis.

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Colorimetry

Colorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception." It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space tristimulus values and related quantities.

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Coma

Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awaken; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions.

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Combitube

The Combitube—also known as the esophageal tracheal airway or esophageal tracheal double-lumen airway—is a blind insertion airway device (BIAD) used in the pre-hospital and emergency setting.

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Complication (medicine)

Complication, in medicine, is an unfavorable evolution or consequence of a disease, a health condition or a therapy.

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Control of ventilation

The control of ventilation refers to the physiological mechanisms involved in the control of breathing, which is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.

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Cormack-Lehane classification system

The Cormack-Lehane system classifies views obtained by direct laryngoscopy based on the structures seen.

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Cough

A cough is a sudden and often repetitively occurring, protective reflex, which helps to clear the large breathing passages from fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes.

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Cricoid cartilage

The cricoid cartilage, or simply cricoid (from the Greek krikoeides meaning "ring-shaped") or cricoid ring, is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea.

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Cricoid pressure

Cricoid pressure, also known by the eponymous name of the Sellick manoeuvre (in American English, Sellick maneuver), is a technique used in endotracheal intubation to reduce the risk of regurgitation.

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Cricothyroid ligament

The cricothyroid ligament (also known as the cricothyroid membrane or Cricovocal membrane) is composed of two parts.

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Cricothyrotomy

A cricothyrotomy (also called cric, thyrocricotomy, cricothyroidotomy, inferior laryngotomy, intercricothyrotomy, coniotomy or emergency airway puncture) is an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations, such as airway obstruction by a foreign body, angioedema, or massive facial trauma.

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Critical Care (journal)

Critical Care is an online open access peer-reviewed medical journal covering intensive-care medicine published by BioMed Central.

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Croup

Croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus.

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Crown (dentistry)

A crown, sometimes known as dental cap, is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant.

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De humani corporis fabrica

De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (Latin for "On the fabric of the human body in seven books") is a set of books on human anatomy written by Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) and published in 1543.

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Desflurane

Desflurane (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anesthesia.

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Diffusing capacity

Diffusing capacity of the lung (DL) measures the transfer of gas from air in the lung, to the red blood cells in lung blood vessels.

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Digital electronics

Digital electronics or digital (electronic) circuits are electronics that operate on digital signals.

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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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Double-lumen endobronchial tube

A double-lumen endotracheal tube (also called double-lumen endobronchial tube or DLT) is a type of endotracheal tube which is used in tracheal intubation during thoracic surgery and other medical conditions to achieve selective, one-sided ventilation of either the right or the left lung.

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Drowning

Drowning is defined as respiratory impairment from being in or under a liquid.

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Ear canal

The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM; meatus acusticus externus) is a tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear.

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Ebers Papyrus

The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to circa 1550 BC.

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Edema

Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.

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Egyptian medical papyri

Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt.

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Emergency medical services

Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services (abbreviated to the initialism EMS, EMAS, EMARS or SAMU in some countries), are a type of emergency service dedicated to providing out-of-hospital acute medical care, transport to definitive care, and other medical transport to patients with illnesses and injuries which prevent the patient from transporting themselves.

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Emergency medical technician

Emergency medical technician (EMT) and ambulance technician are terms used in some countries to denote a health care provider of emergency medical services.

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Emergency medicine

Emergency medicine, also known as accident and emergency medicine, is the medical specialty concerned with caring for undifferentiated, unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention.

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Endoscopy

An endoscopy (looking inside) is used in medicine to look inside the body.

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Epigastrium

In anatomy, the epigastrium (or epigastric region) is the upper central region of the abdomen.

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Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis is inflammation of the epiglottis—the flap at the base of the tongue that keeps food from going into the trachea (windpipe).

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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, (EGD) also called by various other names, is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract down to the duodenum.

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Esophagus

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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Eugène Bouchut

Eugène Bouchut (18 May 1818 – 26 November 1891) was a French physician born in Paris.

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Ferrara

Ferrara (Ferrarese: Fràra) is a town and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara.

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Fiberscope

A fiberscope is a flexible optical fiber bundle with an eyepiece on one end and a lens on the other that is used to examine and inspect small, difficult-to-reach places such as the insides of machines, locks, and the human body.

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Fistula

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs.

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Flail chest

Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall.

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Foreign body

In the field of medicine, a foreign body, sometimes known as FB (Latin: corpus alienum), is any object originating outside the body of an organism.

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Fraction of inspired oxygen

Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is the fraction of oxygen in the volume being measured.

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French catheter scale

The French scale or French gauge system is commonly used to measure the size of a catheter.

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Friedrich Trendelenburg

Friedrich Trendelenburg (24 May 1844 – 15 December 1924) was a German surgeon.

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Galen

Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 AD – /), often Anglicized as Galen and better known as Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire.

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Gas exchange

Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.

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General anaesthesia

General anaesthesia or general anesthesia (see spelling differences) is a medically induced coma with loss of protective reflexes, resulting from the administration of one or more general anaesthetic agents.

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General anaesthetic

General anaesthetics (or anesthetics, see spelling differences) are often defined as compounds that induce a reversible loss of consciousness in humans or loss of righting reflex in animals.

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Generalised tonic-clonic seizure

A generalized tonic–clonic seizure (formerly known as a grand mal seizure) is a type of generalized seizure that affects the entire brain.

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Germ theory of disease

The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory of disease.

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Gestational age

Gestational age is a measure of the age of a pregnancy which is taken from the woman's last menstrual period (LMP), or the corresponding age of the gestation as estimated by a more accurate method if available.

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Glasgow Coma Scale

The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is a neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment.

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Gold standard (test)

In medicine and statistics, gold standard test is usually diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions.

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Gums

The gums or gingiva (plural: gingivae), consist of the mucosal tissue that lies over the mandible and maxilla inside the mouth.

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Heart arrhythmia

Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Hematoma

A hematoma (US spelling) or haematoma (UK spelling) is a localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries.

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Hieronymus Fabricius

Hieronymus Fabricius or Girolamo Fabrizio, known also by his full Latin and Italian names, Fabricius ab Aquapendente or Girolamo Fabrizi d'Acquapendente, (20 May 1537 – 21 May 1619) was a pioneering anatomist and surgeon known in medical science as "The Father of Embryology.".

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Hoarse voice

A hoarse voice, also known as hoarseness or dysphonia, is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch.

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Hypercapnia

Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.

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Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

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Hypnotic

Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep) or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or surgical anesthesia.

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Hypoventilation

Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed gas exchange.

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Hypoxemia

Hypoxemia (or hypoxaemia in British English) is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood.

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Hypoxia (medical)

Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level.

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Ibn Zuhr

Ibn Zuhr (ابن زهر; 1094–1162), traditionally known by his Latinized name of Avenzoar, was an Arab physician, surgeon, and poet.

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Indication (medicine)

In medicine, an indication is a valid reason to use a certain test, medication, procedure, or surgery.

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Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.

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Information Age

The Information Age (also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age) is a 21st century period in human history characterized by the rapid shift from traditional industry that the Industrial Revolution brought through industrialization, to an economy based on information technology.

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Inhalational anaesthetic

An inhalational anaesthetic is a chemical compound possessing general anaesthetic properties that can be delivered via inhalation.

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Insufflation (medicine)

Insufflation (lit) is the act of blowing something (such as a gas, powder, or vapor) into a body cavity.

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Intensive care medicine

Intensive care medicine, or critical care medicine, is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions that may require sophisticated life support and monitoring.

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Intracranial pressure

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

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Intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure inside the eye.

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Intratracheal instillation

Intratracheal instillation is the introduction of a substance directly into the trachea.

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Intubation

Intubation (sometimes entubation) is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a tube into the body.

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Ischemia

Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).

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Isoflurane

Isoflurane, sold under the trade name Forane among others, is a general anesthetic.

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Isthmus of the fauces

The isthmus of the fauces or the oropharyngeal isthmus is a part of the oropharynx directly behind the mouth cavity, bounded superiorly by the soft palate, laterally by the palatoglossal arches, and inferiorly by the tongue.

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Ivan Magill

Sir Ivan Whiteside Magill (23 July 1888 – 25 November 1986) was an Irish born anaesthetist who is famous for his involvement in much of the innovation and development in modern anaesthesia.

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Laryngeal mask airway

A laryngeal mask airway (LMA) — also known as laryngeal mask— is a medical device that keeps a patient's airway open during anaesthesia or unconsciousness.

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Laryngology

Laryngology is a branch of medicine that deals with disorders, diseases and injuries of the vocal apparatus, especially the larynx.

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Laryngoscopy

Laryngoscopy is endoscopy of the larynx, a part of the throat.

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Laryngospasm

In medicine, laryngospasm is an uncontrolled/involuntary muscular contraction (spasm) of the vocal folds.

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Larynx

The larynx, commonly called the voice box, is an organ in the top of the neck of tetrapods involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

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Laser medicine

Laser medicine consists in the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy.

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Lesion

A lesion is any abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.

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Lidocaine

Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area.

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Local anesthesia

Local anesthesia is any technique to induce the absence of sensation in a specific part of the body, generally for the aim of inducing local analgesia, that is, local insensitivity to pain, although other local senses may be affected as well.

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Lumen (anatomy)

In biology, a lumen (plural lumina) is the inside space of a tubular structure, such as an artery or intestine.

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Mallampati score

In anesthesia, the Mallampati score or Mallampati classification, named after the Indian-born American anaesthesiologist Seshagiri Mallampati, is used to predict the ease of endotracheal intubation.

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Mandible

The mandible, lower jaw or jawbone is the largest, strongest and lowest bone in the human face.

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Manuel García (baritone)

Manuel Patricio Rodríguez García (17 March 1805 – 1 July 1906), was a Spanish singer, music educator, and vocal pedagogue.

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Maxilla

The maxilla (plural: maxillae) in animals is the upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.

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Maxillary hypoplasia

Maxillary hypoplasia is an underdevelopment of the maxillary bones, which produces midfacial retrusion and creates the illusion of protuberance (jutting forward) of the lower jaw.

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Measuring instrument

A measuring instrument is a device for measuring a physical quantity.

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Mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is the medical term for artificial ventilation where mechanical means is used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by an anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, physician, physician assistant, respiratory therapist, paramedic, EMT, or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows. Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument penetrating the trachea through the mouth, such as an endotracheal tube or the skin, such as a tracheostomy tube. There are two main types: positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea, and negative pressure ventilation, where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs. There are many modes of mechanical ventilation, and their nomenclature has been revised over the decades as the technology has continually developed.

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Mediastinum

The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.

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Medical history

The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.

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Medical procedure

A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the delivery of healthcare.

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Medical sign

A medical sign is an objective indication of some medical fact or characteristic that may be detected by a patient or anyone, especially a physician, before or during a physical examination of a patient.

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Medical ventilator

A medical ventilator (or simply ventilator in context) is a mechanical ventilator, a machine designed to move breathable air into and out of the lungs, to provide breathing for a patient who is physically unable to breathe, or breathing insufficiently.

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Micrognathism

Micrognathism, also called micrognathia, strawberry chin, hypognathia or hypogthathism, is a condition where the jaw is undersized.

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Minimally invasive procedures

Minimally invasive procedures (also known as minimally invasive surgeries) encompass surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions needed and so lessen wound healing time, associated pain and risk of infection.

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Modes of mechanical ventilation

Modes of mechanical ventilation are one of the most important aspects of the usage of mechanical ventilation.

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Morell Mackenzie

Sir Morell Mackenzie (7 July 1837 – 3 February 1892) was a British physician, one of the pioneers of laryngology in the United Kingdom.

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National Cancer Institute

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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Natural rubber

Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.

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Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital

The Hôpital Necker – Enfants Malades (Necker Hospital – Sick Children) is a French teaching hospital in central Paris.

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Neonatal Resuscitation Program

The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) is an educational program in neonatal resuscitation that was developed and is maintained by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

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Neoplasm

Neoplasia is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

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Neuromuscular-blocking drug

Neuromuscular-blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles.

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Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.

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Nitrous oxide

Nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen with the formula.

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Nosebleed

A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose.

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Obesity-associated morbidity

Obesity is an important risk factor for many chronic physical and mental illnesses that people suffer from.

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Olympus Corporation

is a Japanese manufacturer of optics and reprography products.

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Operating theater

An operating theater (also known as an operating room, operating suite, operation theatre, operation suite or OR) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment.

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Opioid

Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.

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Optical engineering

Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics.

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Optical fiber

An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.

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Otorhinolaryngology

Otorhinolaryngology (also called otolaryngology and otolaryngology–head and neck surgery) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related structures of the head and neck.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Oxygen saturation

Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium.

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Oxygen saturation (medicine)

Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood.

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Oxygen therapy

Oxygen therapy, also known as supplemental oxygen, is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment.

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Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals.

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Palatine uvula

The palatine uvula, usually referred to as simply the uvula, is a conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers (musculus uvulae).

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Paramedic

A paramedic is a healthcare professional who responds to medical emergencies outside of a hospital.

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Partial pressure

In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature.

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Pediatrics

Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics or pædiatrics) is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents.

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Penetrating trauma

Penetrating trauma is an injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating an open wound.

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Percutaneous

In surgery, a percutaneous procedure is any medical procedure or method where access to inner organs or other tissue is done via needle-puncture of the skin, rather than by using an "open" approach where inner organs or tissue are exposed (typically with the use of a scalpel).

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Pergamon

Pergamon, or Pergamum (τὸ Πέργαμον or ἡ Πέργαμος), was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Aeolis.

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Peripheral venous catheter

In medicine, a peripheral venous catheter (PVC), peripheral venous line or peripheral venous access catheter is a catheter (small, flexible tube) placed into a peripheral vein for intravenous therapy such as medication fluids.

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Peritonsillar abscess

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as a quinsy, is pus due to an infection behind the tonsil.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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Pharynx

The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat that is behind the mouth and nasal cavity and above the esophagus and the larynx, or the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs.

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Physical examination

A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.

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Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Poison

In biology, poisons are substances that cause disturbances in organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when an organism absorbs a sufficient quantity.

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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.

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Polytrauma

Polytrauma and multiple traumata are medical terms describing the condition of a person who has been subjected to multiple traumatic injuries, such as a serious head injury in addition to a serious burn.

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Polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride, also known as polyvinyl or '''vinyl''', commonly abbreviated PVC, is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene.

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Positive airway pressure

Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.

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Preterm birth

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.

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Public hospital

A public hospital or government hospital is a hospital which is owned by a government and receives government funding.

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Pulmonary aspiration

Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material (such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents) from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract (the portions of the respiratory system from the trachea—i.e., windpipe—to the lungs).

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Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the tissue and air spaces of the lungs.

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Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator.

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Recurrent laryngeal nerve

The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles.

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Reed (plant)

Reed is a common name for several tall, grass-like plants of wetlands.

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Regurgitation (digestion)

Regurgitation is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood.

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Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory acidosis is a medical emergency in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis).

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Respiratory sounds

Respiratory sounds, breath sounds, or lung sounds refer to the specific sounds generated by the movement of air through the respiratory system. These may be easily audible or identified through auscultation of the respiratory system through the lung fields with a stethoscope as well as from the spectral chacteristics of lung sounds. These include normal breath sounds and adventitious or "added" sounds such as rales, wheezes, pleural friction rubs, stertor and stridor. Description and classification of the sounds usually involve auscultation of the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the breath cycle, noting both the pitch (typically described as low, medium or high) and intensity (soft, medium, loud or very loud) of the sounds heard.

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Respiratory tract

In humans, the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy of the respiratory system involved with the process of respiration.

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Retrognathism

Retrognathia (or retrognathism) is a type of malocclusion which refers to an abnormal posterior positioning of the maxilla or mandible, particularly the mandible, relative to the facial skeleton and soft tissues.

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Retropharyngeal abscess

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an abscess located in the tissues in the back of the throat behind the posterior pharyngeal wall (the retropharyngeal space).

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Rigveda

The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद, from "praise" and "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns along with associated commentaries on liturgy, ritual and mystical exegesis.

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Risk–benefit ratio

A risk–benefit ratio is the ratio of the risk of an action to its potential benefits.

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Robert Reynolds Macintosh

Sir Robert Reynolds Macintosh (17 October 1897, Timaru, New Zealand – 28 August 1989, Oxford, England) was a New Zealand-born anaesthetist.

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Rocuronium bromide

Rocuronium bromide (brand names Zemuron, Esmeron) is an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant used in modern anaesthesia to facilitate tracheal intubation by providing skeletal muscle relaxation, most commonly required for surgery or mechanical ventilation.

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Rudolf Schindler (doctor)

Rudolf Schindler (1888–1968) was a German physician, who practiced medicine as a gastroenterologist.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Secretion

Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.

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Seldinger technique

The Seldinger technique, also known as Seldinger wire technique, is a medical procedure to obtain safe access to blood vessels and other hollow organs.

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Sequela

A sequela (usually used in the plural, sequelae) is a pathological condition resulting from a disease, injury, therapy, or other trauma.

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Sevoflurane

Sevoflurane (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane; synonym, fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether), is a sweet-smelling, nonflammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used as an inhalational anaesthetic for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.

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Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.

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Silicone rubber

Silicone rubber is an elastomer (rubber-like material) composed of silicone—itself a polymer—containing silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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Simple face mask

The simple face mask (SFM) is a basic disposable mask, made of clear plastic, to provide oxygen therapy for patients who are experiencing conditions such as chest pain (possible heart attacks), dizziness, and minor hemorrhages.

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Smoke inhalation

Smoke inhalation is the primary cause of death for victims of fires.

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Soft palate

The soft palate (also known as the velum or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.

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Spinal cord injury

A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function.

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Stainless steel

In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass.

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Stent

In medicine, a stent is a metal or plastic tube inserted into the lumen of an anatomic vessel or duct to keep the passageway open, and stenting is the placement of a stent.

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Stoma (medicine)

In anatomy, a natural stoma is any opening in the body, such as the mouth.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Stupor

Stupor (from Latin stupere, "be stunned or amazed") is the lack of critical mental function and a level of consciousness wherein a sufferer is almost entirely unresponsive and only responds to base stimuli such as pain.

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Subglottic stenosis

Subglottic stenosis is a congenital or acquired narrowing of the subglottic airway.

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Substance intoxication

Substance intoxication is a type of substance use disorder which is potentially maladaptive and impairing, but reversible, and associated with recent use of a substance.

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Sushruta Samhita

The Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता, IAST: Suśrutasaṃhitā, literally "Suśruta's Compendium") is an ancient Sanskrit text on medicine and surgery, and one of the most important such treatises on this subject to survive from the ancient world.

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Suxamethonium chloride

Suxamethonium chloride, also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a medication used to cause short-term paralysis as part of general anesthesia.

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Swallowing

Swallowing, sometimes called deglutition in scientific contexts, is the process in the human or animal body that allows for a substance to pass from the mouth, to the pharynx, and into the esophagus, while shutting the epiglottis.

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Symptom

A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

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Temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull.

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The BMJ

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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The Canon of Medicine

The Canon of Medicine (القانون في الطب al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian philosopher Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and completed in 1025.

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The New England Journal of Medicine

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

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Thoracic cavity

The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia).

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Thyroid cartilage

The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the nine cartilages that make up the laryngeal skeleton, the cartilage structure in and around the trachea that contains the larynx.

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Thyromental distance

Thyromental distance (TMD) measurement is a method commonly used to predict the difficulty of intubation and is measured from the thyroid notch to the tip of the jaw with the head extended.

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Tidal volume

Tidal volume (symbol VT or TV) is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied.

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Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.

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Tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication, and is used in the act of swallowing.

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Topical anesthetic

A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part.

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Torr

The torr (symbol: Torr) is a unit of pressure based on an absolute scale, now defined as exactly of a standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa).

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Trachea

The trachea, colloquially called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs.

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Tracheal tube

A tracheal tube is a catheter that is inserted into the trachea for the primary purpose of establishing and maintaining a patent airway and to ensure the adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Tracheobronchial injury

Tracheobronchial injury (TBI) is damage to the tracheobronchial tree (the airway structure involving the trachea and bronchi).

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Tracheoesophageal fistula

A tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF, or TOF; see spelling differences) is an abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea.

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Tracheomalacia

Tracheomalacia is a condition where the cartilage that keeps the airway (trachea) open is soft such that the trachea partly collapses especially during increased airflow.

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Tracheotomy

Tracheotomy, or tracheostomy, is a surgical procedure which consists of making an incision on the anterior aspect of the neck and opening a direct airway through an incision in the trachea (windpipe).

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Transillumination

Transillumination is the technique of sample illumination by transmission of light through the sample.

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Trendelenburg position

In the Trendelenburg position, the body is laid supine, or flat on the back with the feet higher than the head by 15-30 degrees.

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University of Rostock

The University of Rostock (Rostock University, Universität Rostock) is a public university located in Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Vasopressin

Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP.

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Ventilation/perfusion ratio

In respiratory physiology, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V̇/Q̇ ratio or V/Q ratio) is a ratio used to assess the efficiency and adequacy of the matching of two variables.

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a type of lung infection that occurs in people who are on mechanical ventilation breathing machines in hospitals.

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Viewing instrument

A viewing instrument is a device used for viewing or examining an object or scene, or some electrical property or signal.

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Vocal fold paresis

Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (also called vocal fold paralysis or paresis) is the medical term describing an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.

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Vocal folds

The vocal folds, also known commonly as vocal cords or voice reeds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally, from back to front, across the larynx.

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Vocal pedagogy

Vocal pedagogy is the study of the art and science of voice instruction.

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Water vapor

No description.

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William Macewen

Sir William Macewen, CB, FRS, (22 June 1848 – 22 March 1924) was a Scottish surgeon.

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Xenon

Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation

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