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305 relations: Abducens nerve, Accessory nerve, Accessory obturator nerve, Action potential, Afferent nerve fiber, Alar plate, Amnesia, Amygdala, Anesthesia, Anococcygeal nerve, Ansa cervicalis, Anterior ethmoidal nerve, Anterior labial nerves, Anterior scrotal nerves, Aorticorenal ganglion, Arousal, Astrocyte, Attention, Auditory system, Auriculotemporal nerve, Autonomic nervous system, Axillary nerve, Axon, Basal ganglia, Basal plate (neural tube), Brachial plexus, Brain, Brainstem, Buccal nerve, Cardiac neural crest complex, Cardiac plexus, Celiac plexus, Central nervous system, Central pattern generator, Cephalic flexure, Cerebellum, Cerebral aqueduct, Cerebral hemisphere, Cerebral peduncle, Cerebrum, Cervical plexus, Chemical synapse, Chorda tympani, Ciliary ganglion, Classical conditioning, Cochlear nerve, Cognition, Coma, Common peroneal nerve, Consciousness, ..., Cranial nerves, Cranial neural crest, Decision-making, Deep peroneal nerve, Deep temporal nerves, Dendrite, Dendritic spine, Development of the nervous system, Diencephalon, Dorsal nerve of the clitoris, Dorsal nerve of the penis, Dorsal scapular nerve, Efferent nerve fiber, Emotion, Enteric nervous system, Epithalamus, Esophageal plexus, Evolution of human intelligence, Evolution of nervous systems, Executive functions, External nasal nerve, Eye development, Facial nerve, Femoral nerve, Forebrain, Frontal nerve, Ganglion, Ganglion impar, Gap junction, Genitofemoral nerve, Germinal matrix, Glioblast, Glossopharyngeal nerve, Great auricular nerve, Greater occipital nerve, Greater palatine nerve, Greater petrosal nerve, Grey matter, Hindbrain, Hippocampus, Human body, Human brain, Hypoglossal nerve, Hypothalamus, Iliohypogastric nerve, Ilioinguinal nerve, Imprinting (psychology), Inferior alveolar nerve, Inferior anal nerves, Inferior gluteal nerve, Inferior hypogastric plexus, Inferior mesenteric plexus, Infraorbital nerve, Infratrochlear nerve, Intelligence, Intermediate nerve, Internal carotid plexus, Interneuron, Ion channel, Lacrimal nerve, Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh, Lateral pectoral nerve, Lateral plantar nerve, Lateral sural cutaneous nerve, Lateral ventricles, Learning, Lens placode, Lesser occipital nerve, Lesser palatine nerve, Lesser petrosal nerve, Lingual nerve, List of nerves of the human body, List of regions in the human brain, Long thoracic nerve, Long-term potentiation, Lower subscapular nerve, Lumbar plexus, Lumbar splanchnic nerves, Lumbosacral trunk, Mandibular nerve, Masseteric nerve, Maxillary nerve, Medial cutaneous nerve of arm, Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, Medial pectoral nerve, Medial plantar nerve, Medial sural cutaneous nerve, Median nerve, Medulla oblongata, Membrane potential, Memory, Meninges, Mental nerve, Metencephalon, Microglia, Midbrain, Middle cervical ganglion, Mind, Monoamine neurotransmitter, Motor control, Motor cortex, Motor neuron, Motor system, Musculocutaneous nerve, Myelencephalon, Myelin, Mylohyoid nerve, Nasociliary nerve, Nasopalatine nerve, Neocortex, Nerve, Nerve of pterygoid canal, Nerve to quadratus femoris, Nerve tract, Nervous system, Neural circuit, Neural correlates of consciousness, Neural crest, Neural fold, Neural groove, Neural network, Neural oscillation, Neural plate, Neural tube, Neuroblast, Neuroectoderm, Neurogenesis, Neuroglia, Neurology, Neuromere, Neuromodulation, Neuron, Neuropeptide, Neuroplasticity, Neuropoiesis, Neuroregeneration, Neurotransmitter, Neurotransmitter receptor, Neurula, Neurulation, Notochord, Nucleus (neuroanatomy), Obturator internus nerve, Obturator nerve, Oculomotor nerve, Olfactory nerve, Olfactory system, Oligodendrocyte, Ophthalmic nerve, Optic cup (embryology), Optic nerve, Optic stalk, Optic vesicle, Otic ganglion, Otic pit, Otic placode, Otic vesicle, Outline (list), Outline of human anatomy, Outline of neuroscience, Outline of the human brain, Pain, Paleoneurobiology, Parasympathetic nervous system, Pelvic splanchnic nerves, Perception, Perforating cutaneous nerve, Perineal nerve, Peripheral nervous system, Pharyngeal nerve, Phrenic nerve, Pineal gland, Piriformis nerve, Pituitary gland, Pons, Pontine flexure, Posterior auricular nerve, Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh, Posterior ethmoidal nerve, Posterior labial nerves, Posterior scrotal nerves, Pretectal area, Pterygopalatine ganglion, Pudendal nerve, Pulmonary plexus, Radial nerve, Ramus communicans, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Reflex, Reflex arc, Reticular formation, Rhinencephalon, Rhombomere, Rostral neuropore, Sacral plexus, Sacral splanchnic nerves, Saphenous nerve, Schwann cell, Sciatic nerve, Sensory nervous system, Sensory neuron, Short ciliary nerves, Sleep, Soma (biology), Somatic nervous system, Somatosensory system, Spinal cord, Spinal nerve, Stellate ganglion, Subclavian nerve, Submandibular ganglion, Suboccipital nerve, Subscapular nerves, Subthalamus, Superficial peroneal nerve, Superior alveolar nerves, Superior cervical ganglion, Superior gluteal nerve, Superior hypogastric plexus, Superior laryngeal nerve, Superior mesenteric plexus, Supraclavicular nerves, Supraorbital nerve, Suprascapular nerve, Supratrochlear nerve, Sural nerve, Surface ectoderm, Sympathetic nervous system, Sympathetic trunk, Synapse, Synaptic plasticity, Taste, Tectum, Thalamus, Third occipital nerve, Thoracic splanchnic nerves, Thoracodorsal nerve, Tibial nerve, Transverse cervical nerve, Trigeminal ganglion, Trigeminal nerve, Trochlear nerve, Truncal neural crest, Tympanic nerve, Tympanic plexus, Ulnar nerve, Upper subscapular nerve, Vagus nerve, Vestibular nerve, Vestibular system, Vestibulocochlear nerve, Visual system, Voltage-gated ion channel, White matter, Zygomatic nerve. Expand index (255 more) »
Abducens nerve
The abducens nerve is a nerve that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in humans, responsible for outward gaze.
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Accessory nerve
The accessory nerve is a spinal nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
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Accessory obturator nerve
In human anatomy, the accessory obturator nerve is an accessory nerve in the lumbar region present in about 29% of cases.
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Action potential
In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.
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Afferent nerve fiber
Afferent nerve fibers refer to axonal projections that arrive at a particular region; as opposed to efferent projections that exit the region.
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Alar plate
The alar plate (or alar lamina) is a neural structure in the embryonic nervous system, part of the dorsal side of neural tube, that involves the communication of general somatic and general visceral sensory impulses.
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Amnesia
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma.
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Amygdala
The amygdala (plural: amygdalae; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin from Greek, ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans.
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Anesthesia
In the practice of medicine (especially surgery and dentistry), anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness.
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Anococcygeal nerve
The anococcygeal nerve is a nerve in the pelvis which provides sensory innervation to the skin over the coccyx.
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Ansa cervicalis
The ansa cervicalis (or ansa hypoglossi in older literature) is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus.
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Anterior ethmoidal nerve
The anterior ethmoidal nerve is a nerve which provides sensory branches to the nasal cavity.
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Anterior labial nerves
The anterior labial nerves are branches of the ilioinguinal nerve.
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Anterior scrotal nerves
The anterior scrotal nerves are branches of the ilioinguinal nerve.
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Aorticorenal ganglion
The aortiocorenal ganglion is composed of the superior mesenteric, renal, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.
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Arousal
Arousal is the physiological and psychological state of being awoken or of sense organs stimulated to a point of perception.
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Astrocyte
Astrocytes (Astro from Greek astron.
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Attention
Attention, also referred to as enthrallment, is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether deemed subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information.
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Auditory system
The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.
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Auriculotemporal nerve
The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (V3) that runs with the superficial temporal artery and vein, and provides sensory innervation to various regions on the side of the head.
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Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies smooth muscle and glands, and thus influences the function of internal organs.
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Axillary nerve
The axillary nerve or the circumflex nerve is a nerve of the human body, that originates from the brachial plexus (upper trunk, posterior division, posterior cord) at the level of the axilla (armpit) and carries nerve fibers from C5 and C6.
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Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.
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Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) is a group of subcortical nuclei, of varied origin, in the brains of vertebrates including humans, which are situated at the base of the forebrain.
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Basal plate (neural tube)
In the developing nervous system, the basal plate is the region of the neural tube ventral to the sulcus limitans.
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Brachial plexus
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1).
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Brainstem
The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.
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Buccal nerve
The buccal nerve (long buccal nerve) is a nerve in the face.
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Cardiac neural crest complex
The cardiac neural crest complex is a form of neural crest.
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Cardiac plexus
The cardiac plexus is a plexus of nerves situated at the base of the heart that innervates the heart.
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Celiac plexus
The celiac plexus or coeliac plexus, also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves (a nerve plexus) located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Central pattern generator
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are biological neural circuits that produce rhythmic outputs in the absence of rhythmic input.
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Cephalic flexure
The mesencephalic flexure or cephalic flexure is the first flexure, or bend, of the embryonic brain; it appears in the region of the mid-brain.
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Cerebellum
The cerebellum (Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.
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Cerebral aqueduct
The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct or the aqueduct of Sylvius is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum.
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Cerebral hemisphere
The vertebrate cerebrum (brain) is formed by two cerebral hemispheres that are separated by a groove, the longitudinal fissure.
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Cerebral peduncle
The cerebral peduncles are structures at the front of the midbrain which arise from the front of the pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons.
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Cerebrum
The cerebrum is a large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.
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Cervical plexus
The cervical plexus is a plexus of the anterior rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves which arise from C1 to C4 cervical segment in the neck.
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Chemical synapse
Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.
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Chorda tympani
The chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve that originates from the taste buds in the front of the tongue, runs through the middle ear, and carries taste messages to the brain.
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Ciliary ganglion
The ciliary ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion located just behind the eye in the posterior orbit.
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Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) refers to a learning procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food) is paired with a previously neutral stimulus (e.g. a bell).
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Cochlear nerve
The cochlear nerve (also auditory or acoustic neuron) is one of two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve, a cranial nerve present in amniotes, the other part being the vestibular nerve.
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Cognition
Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
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Coma
Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awaken; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions.
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Common peroneal nerve
The common peroneal nerve (common fibular nerve; external popliteal nerve; lateral popliteal nerve) is a nerve in the lower leg that provides sensation over the posterolateral part of the leg and the knee joint.
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Consciousness
Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself.
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Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord).
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Cranial neural crest
The cranial neural crest is a form of neural crest.
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Decision-making
In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several alternative possibilities.
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Deep peroneal nerve
The deep peroneal nerve (deep fibular nerve) begins at the bifurcation of the common peroneal nerve between the fibula and upper part of the peroneus longus, passes infero-medially, deep to extensor digitorum longus, to the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and comes into relation with the anterior tibial artery above the middle of the leg; it then descends with the artery to the front of the ankle-joint, where it divides into a lateral and a medial terminal branch.
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Deep temporal nerves
The deep temporal nerves, branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, are two in number, anterior and posterior.
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Dendrite
Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.
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Dendritic spine
A dendritic spine (or spine) is a small membranous protrusion from a neuron's dendrite that typically receives input from a single axon at the synapse.
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Development of the nervous system
Development of the nervous system refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to adulthood.
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Diencephalon
The diencephalon is a division of the forebrain (embryonic prosencephalon), and is situated between the telencephalon and the midbrain (embryonic mesencephalon).
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Dorsal nerve of the clitoris
The dorsal nerve of the clitoris is a nerve in females that branches off the pudendal nerve to innervate the clitoris.
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Dorsal nerve of the penis
The dorsal nerve of the penis is the deepest division of the pudendal nerve; it accompanies the internal pudendal artery along the ramus of the ischium; it then runs forward along the margin of the inferior ramus of the pubis, between the superior and inferior layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
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Dorsal scapular nerve
The dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, usually from the plexus root (anterior/ventral ramus) of the cervical nerve C5.
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Efferent nerve fiber
In the peripheral nervous system, an efferent nerve fiber is the axon of a motor neuron.
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Emotion
Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.
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Enteric nervous system
The enteric nervous system (ENS) or intrinsic nervous system is one of the main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and consists of a mesh-like system of neurons that governs the function of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Epithalamus
The epithalamus is a (dorsal) posterior segment of the diencephalon.
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Esophageal plexus
The esophageal plexus is formed by nerve fibers from two sources, branches of the vagus nerve and visceral branches of the sympathetic trunk. The esophageal plexus and the cardiac plexus contain the same types of fibers and are both considered thoracic autonomic plexus(es).
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Evolution of human intelligence
The evolution of human intelligence is closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the origin of language.
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Evolution of nervous systems
The evolution of nervous systems dates back to the first development of nervous systems in animals (or metazoans).
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Executive functions
Executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior: selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals.
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External nasal nerve
The external nasal nerve (or external nasal branches) are terminal branches of the anterior ethmoidal nerves (from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve), and provide sensory innervation to the skin of the lower half of the nose and of the septum mobile nasi.
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Eye development
Eye formation in the human embryo begins at approximately three weeks into embryonic development and continues through the tenth week.
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Facial nerve
The facial nerve is the seventh cranial nerve, or simply cranial nerve VII.
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Femoral nerve
The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee.
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Forebrain
In the anatomy of the brain of vertebrates, the forebrain or prosencephalon is the rostral-most (forward-most) portion of the brain.
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Frontal nerve
The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve(V1), and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve.
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Ganglion
A ganglion is a nerve cell cluster or a group of nerve cell bodies located in the autonomic nervous system and sensory system.
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Ganglion impar
The pelvic portion of each sympathetic trunk is situated in front of the sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina.
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Gap junction
A gap junction may also be called a nexus or macula communicans.
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Genitofemoral nerve
The genitofemoral nerve refers to a human nerve that is found in the abdomen.
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Germinal matrix
In anatomy, the germinal matrix is a highly cellular and highly vascularized region in the brain from which cells migrate out during brain development.
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Glioblast
A glioblast is a type of cell derived from neuroectoderm and with the ability to differentiate into several different types of neuroglia.
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve, known as the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX), is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information.
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Great auricular nerve
The great auricular nerve (or greater auricular nerve) originates from the cervical plexus, composed of branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3.
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Greater occipital nerve
The greater occipital nerve is a spinal nerve, specifically the medial branch of the dorsal primary ramus of cervical spinal nerve 2.
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Greater palatine nerve
The greater palatine nerve (anterior palatine nerve) is a branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion that carries both general sensory fibres from the maxillary nerve and parasympathetic fibers from the nerve of the pterygoid canal.
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Greater petrosal nerve
The greater (superficial) petrosal nerve (also known as the large superficial petrosal nerve) is a nerve in the skull that branches from the facial nerve; it forms part of a chain of nerves that innervate the lacrimal gland.
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Grey matter
Grey matter (or gray matter) is a major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.
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Hindbrain
The hindbrain or rhombencephalon is a developmental categorization of portions of the central nervous system in vertebrates.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being.
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Human brain
The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.
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Hypoglossal nerve
The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve, and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve.
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
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Iliohypogastric nerve
The iliohypogastric nerve is a nerve that originates from the lumbar plexus that supplies sensation to skin over the lateral gluteal region and motor to the internal and transverse abdominal muscles.
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Ilioinguinal nerve
The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1).
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Imprinting (psychology)
In psychology and ethology, imprinting is any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behaviour.
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Inferior alveolar nerve
The inferior alveolar nerve (sometimes called the inferior dental nerve) is a branch of the mandibular nerve, which is itself the third branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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Inferior anal nerves
The Inferior rectal nerves (inferior anal nerves, inferior hemorrhoidal nerve) usually branch from the pudendal nerve but occasionally arises directly from the sacral plexus; they cross the ischiorectal fossa along with the inferior rectal artery and veins, toward the anal canal and the lower end of the rectum, and is distributed to the Sphincter ani externus (external anal sphincter, EAS) and to the integument (skin) around the anus.
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Inferior gluteal nerve
The inferior gluteal nerve is the main motor neuron that innervates the gluteus maximus muscle.
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Inferior hypogastric plexus
The inferior hypogastric plexus (pelvic plexus in some texts) is a plexus of nerves that supplies the viscera of the pelvic cavity.
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Inferior mesenteric plexus
The inferior mesenteric plexus is derived chiefly from the aortic plexus.
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Infraorbital nerve
After the maxillary nerve enters the infraorbital canal, the nerve is frequently called the infraorbital nerve.
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Infratrochlear nerve
The infratrochlear nerve is given off from the nasociliary nerve just before it enters the anterior ethmoidal foramen.
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Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.
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Intermediate nerve
The intermediate nerve, nervus intermedius, nerve of Wrisberg or Glossopalatine nerve, is the part of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) located between the motor component of the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII).
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Internal carotid plexus
The internal carotid plexus (internal carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery.
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Interneuron
An interneuron (also called internuncial neuron, relay neuron, association neuron, connector neuron, intermediate neuron or local circuit neuron) is a broad class of neurons found in the human body.
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Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
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Lacrimal nerve
The lacrimal nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
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Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) is a cutaneous nerve that innervates the skin on the lateral part of the thigh.
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Lateral pectoral nerve
The lateral nerve (lateral anterior thoracic nerve) arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and through it from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves.
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Lateral plantar nerve
The lateral plantar nerve (external plantar nerve) is a branch of the tibial nerve, in turn a branch of the sciatic nerve and supplies the skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as most of the deep muscles, its distribution being similar to that of the ulnar nerve in the hand.
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Lateral sural cutaneous nerve
The lateral sural cutaneous nerve (lateral cutaneous branch of the sural nerve) supplies the skin on the posterior and lateral surfaces of the leg.
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Lateral ventricles
The lateral ventricles are the two largest cavities of the ventricular system of the human brain and contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Learning
Learning is the process of acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences.
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Lens placode
The Lens placode is a thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens.
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Lesser occipital nerve
The lesser occipital nerve or small occipital nerve is a cutaneous spinal nerve arising between the second and third cervical vertebrae, along with the greater occipital nerve.
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Lesser palatine nerve
The lesser palatine nerve (posterior palatine nerve) is one of two palatine nerves that descends through the greater palatine canal, and emerges by the lesser palatine foramen.
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Lesser petrosal nerve
The lesser petrosal nerve (also known as the small superficial petrosal nerve) is the General visceral efferent (GVE) component of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), carrying parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers from the tympanic plexus to the parotid gland.
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Lingual nerve
The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), which supplies general sensory innervation (not the gustative one) to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
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List of nerves of the human body
The following is a list of nerves in the human body.
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List of regions in the human brain
The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies.
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Long thoracic nerve
The long thoracic nerve (external respiratory nerve of Bell; posterior thoracic nerve) supplies the serratus anterior muscle.
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Long-term potentiation
In neuroscience, long-term potentiation (LTP) is a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity.
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Lower subscapular nerve
The lower subscapular nerve (alternatively, inferior subscapular nerve) is a nerve that supplies the lower part of the subscapularis muscle, and also supplies the teres major muscle.
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Lumbar plexus
The lumbar plexus is a web of nerves (a nervous plexus) in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the larger lumbosacral plexus.
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Lumbar splanchnic nerves
The lumbar splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk and travel to an adjacent plexus near the aorta.
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Lumbosacral trunk
The lumbosacral trunk is nervous tissue that connects the lumbar plexus with the sacral plexus.
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Mandibular nerve
The mandibular nerve (V3) is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve (CN V).
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Masseteric nerve
The masseteric nerve passes laterally, above the pterygoideus externus, in front of the temporomandibular articulation, and behind the tendon of the temporalis; it crosses the mandibular notch with the masseteric artery, to the deep surface of the masseter, in which it ramifies nearly as far as its anterior border.
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Maxillary nerve
The maxillary nerve (CN V2) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (V) cranial nerve.
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Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
The medial brachial cutaneous nerve (lesser internal cutaneous nerve; medial cutaneous nerve of arm) is distributed to the skin on the medial brachial side of the arm.
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Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
The medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (internal cutaneous nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm) arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus.
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Medial pectoral nerve
The medial pectoral nerve (medial anterior thoracic) arises from the medial cord (sometimes directly from the anterior division of the inferior trunk) of the brachial plexus and through it from the eighth cervical and first thoracic roots.
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Medial plantar nerve
The medial plantar nerve (internal plantar nerve) is the larger of the two terminal divisions of the tibial nerve (medial and lateral plantar nerve), which accompanies the medial plantar artery.
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Medial sural cutaneous nerve
The medial sural cutaneous nerve originates from the tibial nerve of the sciatic, descends between the two heads of the Gastrocnemius, and, about the middle of the back of the leg, pierces the deep fascia, and unites with the anastomotic ramus of the common peroneal to form the sural nerve.
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Median nerve
The median nerve is a nerve in humans and other animals in the upper limb.
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Medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is located in the brainstem, anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum.
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Membrane potential
The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.
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Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
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Meninges
The meninges (singular: meninx, from membrane, adjectival: meningeal) are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord.
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Mental nerve
Mental nerve is a sensory nerve which provides sensation to the front of the chin and lower lip as well as the labial gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars.
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Metencephalon
The metencephalon is the embryonic part of the hindbrain that differentiates into the pons and the cerebellum.
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Microglia
Microglia are a type of neuroglia (glial cell) located throughout the brain and spinal cord.
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Midbrain
The midbrain or mesencephalon (from Greek mesos 'middle', and enkephalos 'brain') is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.
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Middle cervical ganglion
The middle cervical ganglion is the smallest of the three cervical ganglia, and is occasionally absent.
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Mind
The mind is a set of cognitive faculties including consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, language and memory.
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Monoamine neurotransmitter
Monoamine neurotransmitters are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain (such as -CH2-CH2-). All monoamines are derived from aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and the thyroid hormones by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase enzymes.
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Motor control
Motor control is the systematic regulation of movement in organisms that possess a nervous system.
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Motor cortex
The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.
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Motor neuron
A motor neuron (or motoneuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands.
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Motor system
The motor system is the part of the central nervous system that is involved with movement.
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Musculocutaneous nerve
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the pectoralis major, its fibers being derived from C5, C6 and C7.
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Myelencephalon
The myelencephalon or afterbrain is the most posterior region of the embryonic hindbrain, from which the medulla oblongata develops.
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Myelin
Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.
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Mylohyoid nerve
The mylohyoid nerve (or nerve to mylohyoid) is a nerve that innervates the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
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Nasociliary nerve
The nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1; one of three branches of the trigeminal nerve a.k.a. CN V).
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Nasopalatine nerve
One branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion (trigeminal nerve, maxillary branch), longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve (sometimes called the long sphenopalatine nerve).
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Neocortex
The neocortex, also called the neopallium and isocortex, is the part of the mammalian brain involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
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Nerve
A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.
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Nerve of pterygoid canal
The nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve) is formed by the junction of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve within the pterygoid canal containing the cartilaginous substance, which fills the foramen lacerum.
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Nerve to quadratus femoris
The nerve to quadratus femoris is a nerve that provides innervation to the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles.
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Nerve tract
A nerve tract, is a bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting nuclei of the central nervous system.
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Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal that coordinates its actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
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Neural circuit
A neural circuit, is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated.
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Neural correlates of consciousness
The neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) constitute the minimal set of neuronal events and mechanisms sufficient for a specific conscious percept.
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Neural crest
Neural crest cells are a temporary group of cells unique to chordates of the group Cristozoa that arise from the embryonic ectoderm cell layer, and in turn give rise to a diverse cell lineage—including melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia.
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Neural fold
The neural fold is a structure that arises during neurulation in the embryonic development of both birds and mammals among other organisms.
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Neural groove
The neural groove is a shallow median groove of the neural plate between the neural folds of an embryo.
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Neural network
The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of neurons.
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Neural oscillation
Neural oscillations, or brainwaves, are rhythmic or repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system.
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Neural plate
The neural plate is a key developmental structure that serves as the basis for the nervous system.
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Neural tube
In the developing chordate (including vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
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Neuroblast
A neuroblast or primitive nerve cell is a dividing cell that will develop into a neuron often after a migration phase.
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Neuroectoderm
Neuroectoderm (or neural ectoderm or neural tube epithelium) is ectoderm which receives bone morphogenetic protein-inhibiting signals from proteins such as noggin, which leads to the development of the nervous system from this tissue.
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Neurogenesis
Neurogenesis is the process by which nervous system cells, known as neurons, are produced by neural stem cells (NSC)s, and it occurs in all species of animals except the porifera (sponges) and placozoans.
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Neuroglia
Neuroglia, also called glial cells or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system.
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Neurology
Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system.
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Neuromere
Neuromeres are morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain.
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Neuromodulation
Neuromodulation is the physiological process by which a given neuron uses one or more chemicals to regulate diverse populations of neurons.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other.
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Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity and neural plasticity, is the ability of the brain to change throughout an individual's life, e.g., brain activity associated with a given function can be transferred to a different location, the proportion of grey matter can change, and synapses may strengthen or weaken over time.
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Neuropoiesis
Neuropoiesis is the process by which neural stem cells differentiate to form mature neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the adult mammal.
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Neuroregeneration
Neuroregeneration refers to the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Neurotransmitter receptor
A neurotransmitter receptor (also known as a neuroreceptor) is a membrane receptor protein that is activated by a neurotransmitter.
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Neurula
A Neurula is an embryo at the early stage of development in which neurulation occurs.
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Neurulation
Neurulation refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos, which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube.
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Notochord
In anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage.
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Nucleus (neuroanatomy)
In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (plural form: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem.
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Obturator internus nerve
The nerve to obturator internus is a nerve that innervates the obturator internus and gemellus superior muscles.
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Obturator nerve
The obturator nerve in human anatomy arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves in the lumbar plexus; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small.
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Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve.
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Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve is typically considered the first cranial nerve, or simply CN I, that contains sensory nerve fibers relating to smell.
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Olfactory system
The olfactory system, or sense of smell, is the part of the sensory system used for smelling (olfaction).
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Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocytes, or oligodendroglia,.
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Ophthalmic nerve
The ophthalmic nerve (first division of fifth cranial nerve, ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, first division of trigeminal nerve, CN V1, latin: nervus ophthalmicus) is the first branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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Optic cup (embryology)
During embryonic development of the eye, the outer wall of the bulb of the optic vesicles becomes thickened and invaginated, and the bulb is thus converted into a cup, the optic cup (or ophthalmic cup), consisting of two strata of cells.
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Optic nerve
The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
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Optic stalk
The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk.
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Optic vesicle
The eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula from the lateral aspects of the forebrain.
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Otic ganglion
The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve.
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Otic pit
The auditory pit, also known as the otic pit, is the first rudiment of the internal ear.
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Otic placode
In embryology, the otic placode is a thickening of the ectoderm on the outer surface of a developing embryo from which the ear develops.
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Otic vesicle
Otic vesicle, or auditory vesicle, consists of either of the two sac-like invaginations formed and subsequently closed off during embryonic development.
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Outline (list)
An outline, also called a hierarchical outline, is a list arranged to show hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure.
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Outline of human anatomy
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: Human anatomy – scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.
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Outline of neuroscience
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to neuroscience: Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system.
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Outline of the human brain
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the human brain: Human brain – central organ of the nervous system located in the head of a human being, protected by the skull.
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Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
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Paleoneurobiology
Paleoneurobiology is the study of brain evolution by analysis of brain endocasts to determine endocranial traits and volumes.
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Parasympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (a division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)), the other being the sympathetic nervous system.
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Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves or nervi erigentes are splanchnic nerves that arise from sacral spinal nerves S2, S3, S4 to provide parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut.
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Perception
Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.
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Perforating cutaneous nerve
The perforating cutaneous nerve is a cutaneous nerve that supplies skin over the gluteus maximus muscle.
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Perineal nerve
The perineal nerve is a nerve arising from the pudendal nerve that supplies the perineum.
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Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of the two components of the nervous system, the other part is the central nervous system (CNS).
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Pharyngeal nerve
The pharyngeal nerve is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion.
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Phrenic nerve
The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm.
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Pineal gland
The pineal gland, also known as the conarium, kônarion or epiphysis cerebri, is a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain.
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Piriformis nerve
The nerve to piriformis is the peripheral nerve that innervates the piriformis muscle.
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Pituitary gland
An explanation of the development of the pituitary gland (Hypophysis cerebri) & the congenital anomalies. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.
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Pons
The pons (Latin for "bridge") is part of the brainstem, and in humans and other bipeds lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.
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Pontine flexure
The pontine flexure is a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis).
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Posterior auricular nerve
The posterior auricular nerve arises from the facial nerve close to the stylomastoid foramen and runs upward in front of the mastoid process; here it is joined by a filament from the auricular branch of the vagus and communicates with the posterior branch of the great auricular as well as with the lesser occipital.
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Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (also called the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve) provides innervation to the skin of the posterior surface of the thigh and leg, as well as to the skin of the perineum.
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Posterior ethmoidal nerve
The posterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the nasociliary nerve.
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Posterior labial nerves
The posterior labial nerves are branches of the pudendal nerve.
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Posterior scrotal nerves
The posterior scrotal branches (in men) or posterior labial branches (in women) are two in number, medial and lateral.
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Pretectal area
The pretectal area, or pretectum, is a midbrain structure composed of seven nuclei and comprises part of the subcortical visual system.
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Pterygopalatine ganglion
The pterygopalatine ganglion (Meckel's ganglion, nasal ganglion or sphenopalatine ganglion) is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the pterygopalatine fossa.
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Pudendal nerve
The pudendal nerve is the main nerve of the perineum.
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Pulmonary plexus
The pulmonary plexus is an autonomic plexus formed from pulmonary branches of vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk.
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Radial nerve
The radial nerve is a nerve in the human body that supplies the posterior portion of the upper limb.
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Ramus communicans
Ramus communicans (plural rami communicantes) is the Latin term used for a nerve which connects two other nerves, and can be translated as "communicating branch".
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles.
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Reflex
A reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.
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Reflex arc
A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex.
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Reticular formation
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem.
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Rhinencephalon
In animal anatomy, the rhinencephalon (from the Greek, ῥίς, rhis.
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Rhombomere
In the vertebrate embryo, a rhombomere is a transiently divided segment of the developing neural tube, within the hindbrain region (a neuromere) in the area that will eventually become the rhombencephalon.
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Rostral neuropore
The rostral neuropore or anterior neuropore is a region corresponding to the opening of the embryonic neural tube in the anterior portion of the developing prosencephalon.
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Sacral plexus
In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis.
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Sacral splanchnic nerves
Sacral splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that connect the inferior hypogastric plexus to the sympathetic trunk in the pelvis.
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Saphenous nerve
The saphenous nerve (long or internal saphenous nerve) is the largest cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve.
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Schwann cell
Schwann cells (named after physiologist Theodor Schwann) or neurolemmocytes are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
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Sciatic nerve
The sciatic nerve (also called ischiadic nerve, ischiatic nerve) is a large nerve in humans and animals.
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Sensory nervous system
The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
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Sensory neuron
Sensory neurons also known as afferent neurons are neurons that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded potentials.
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Short ciliary nerves
The branches of the ciliary ganglion are the short ciliary nerves.
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Sleep
Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings.
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Soma (biology)
The soma (pl. somata or somas), perikaryon (pl. perikarya), neurocyton, or cell body is the bulbous, non-process portion of a neuron or other brain cell type, containing the cell nucleus.
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Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.
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Somatosensory system
The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system.
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Spinal cord
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column.
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Spinal nerve
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
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Stellate ganglion
The stellate ganglion (or cervicothoracic ganglion) is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion, which exists in 80% of cases.
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Subclavian nerve
The subclavian nerve or nerve to the subclavius is a small filament, which arises from the point of junction of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves.
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Submandibular ganglion
The submandibular ganglion (or submaxillary ganglion in older texts) is part of the human autonomic nervous system.
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Suboccipital nerve
The suboccipital nerve is the dorsal primary ramus of the first cervical nerve (C1).
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Subscapular nerves
Subscapular nerves can refer to.
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Subthalamus
The subthalamus or prethalamus is a part of the diencephalon.
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Superficial peroneal nerve
The superficial peroneal nerve or superior fibular nerve, innervates the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis muscles and the skin over the antero-lateral aspect of the leg along with the greater part of the dorsum of the foot (with the exception of the first web space, which is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve).
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Superior alveolar nerves
Superior alveolar nerves can refer to.
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Superior cervical ganglion
The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) responsible for maintaining homeostasis of the body.
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Superior gluteal nerve
The superior gluteal nerve is a nerve that originates in the pelvis and supplies the gluteus medius, the gluteus minimus and the tensor fasciae latae muscle.
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Superior hypogastric plexus
The superior hypogastric plexus (in older texts, hypogastric plexus or presacral nerve) is a plexus of nerves situated on the vertebral bodies anterior to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta.
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Superior laryngeal nerve
The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve.
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Superior mesenteric plexus
The superior mesenteric plexus is a continuation of the lower part of the celiac plexus, receiving a branch from the junction of the right vagus nerve with the plexus.
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Supraclavicular nerves
The supraclavicular nerves (descending branches) arise from the third and fourth cervical nerves; they emerge beneath the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and descend in the posterior triangle of the neck beneath the platysma and deep cervical fascia.
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Supraorbital nerve
The supraorbital nerve is a terminal branch of the frontal nerve.
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Suprascapular nerve
The suprascapular nerve is a nerve that arises from the brachial plexus.
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Supratrochlear nerve
In human cranial neuroanatomy, the supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, which itself comes from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal (or fifth) cranial nerve.
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Sural nerve
The sural nerve is a sensory nerve in the calf region (sura) of the leg.
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Surface ectoderm
The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm) forms the following structures.
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Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Sympathetic trunk
The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx.
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Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
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Synaptic plasticity
In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity.
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Taste
Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.
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Tectum
The tectum (Latin: roof) is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal (top) part of the midbrain (mesencephalon).
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Thalamus
The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος, "chamber") is the large mass of gray matter in the dorsal part of the diencephalon of the brain with several functions such as relaying of sensory signals, including motor signals, to the cerebral cortex, and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
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Third occipital nerve
While under the Trapezius, the medial branch of the posterior division of the third cervical nerve gives off a branch called the third occipital nerve (also known as the least occipital nerve), which pierces the Trapezius and ends in the skin of the lower part of the back of the head.
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Thoracic splanchnic nerves
Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen.
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Thoracodorsal nerve
The thoracodorsal nerve is a nerve present in humans and other animals, also known as the middle subscapular nerve or the long subscapular nerve.
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Tibial nerve
The tibial nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve.
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Transverse cervical nerve
The transverse cervical nerve (superficial cervical or cutaneous cervical) arises from the second and third spinal nerves, turns around the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus about its middle, and, passing obliquely forward beneath the external jugular vein to the anterior border of the muscle, it perforates the deep cervical fascia, and divides beneath the Platysma into ascending and descending branches, which are distributed to the antero-lateral parts of the neck.
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Trigeminal ganglion
The trigeminal ganglion (or Gasserian ganglion, or semilunar ganglion, or Gasser's ganglion) is a sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) that occupies a cavity (Meckel's cave) in the dura mater, covering the trigeminal impression near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone.
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Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V) is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the largest of the cranial nerves.
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Trochlear nerve
The trochlear nerve, also called the fourth cranial nerve or cranial nerve IV, is a motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) that innervates only a single muscle: the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which operates through the pulley-like trochlea.
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Truncal neural crest
The truncal neural crest or trunk neural crest is a form of neural crest.
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Tympanic nerve
The tympanic nerve (nerve of Jacobson) is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve found near the ear.
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Tympanic plexus
In the tympanic cavity, the tympanic nerve (a branch of CN IX) divides into branches which, along with sympathetic fibres from the carotid plexus, form the tympanic plexus. This plexus is located on the surface of the promontory.
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Ulnar nerve
In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone.
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Upper subscapular nerve
The upper subscapular (short subscapular, superior subscapular) enters the upper part of the Subscapularis muscle, and is frequently represented by two branches.
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Vagus nerve
The vagus nerve, historically cited as the pneumogastric nerve, is the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, and interfaces with parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.
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Vestibular nerve
The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve being the other).
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Vestibular system
The vestibular system, in most mammals, is the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance. Together with the cochlea, a part of the auditory system, it constitutes the labyrinth of the inner ear in most mammals.
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Vestibulocochlear nerve
The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain.
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Visual system
The visual system is the part of the central nervous system which gives organisms the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions.
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Voltage-gated ion channel
Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the electrical membrane potential near the channel.
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White matter
White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts.
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Zygomatic nerve
The zygomatic nerve is not to be confused with the zygomatic branches of the facial nerve. The zygomatic nerve (temporomalar nerve; orbital nerve) is a branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V2, itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve) that enters the orbit and helps to supply the skin over the zygomatic and temporal bones.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
