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151 relations: Abdominal pain, Acetone, Acne, Activated carbon, Acute kidney injury, Aesculus, Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, Alzheimer's disease, Analgesic, Angelica sinensis, Anti-inflammatory, Antiplatelet drug, Antipyretic, Arachidonic acid, Aspirin, Asthma, Atrial fibrillation, Australian Approved Name, Autoimmune disease, Bilberry, Boots UK, Bradycardia, British Approved Name, Bronchospasm, Bullous pemphigoid, Cardiac arrest, Chamomile, Circulatory system, Clinical trial, Coma, Constipation, Coumarin, Cyanosis, Cyclooxygenase, CYP2C9, Developing country, Dexibuprofen, Diarrhea, Dichloromethane, Diclofenac, Dietary supplement, Diuresis, Dizziness, Ductus arteriosus, Dysmenorrhea, EMedicine, Enantiomer, Enteric coating, Enzyme, Enzyme inhibitor, ..., Epileptic seizure, Ethanol, Fenugreek, Fever, Filipendula ulmaria, Flurbiprofen, Food and Drug Administration, Foster City, California, Garlic, Gastric lavage, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Generic drug, Ginger, Ginkgo, Ginseng, Hangover, Harvard Medical School, Headache, Health system, Heart failure, Heartburn, Hyperkalemia, Hypertension, Hypotension, Hypoventilation, Ibuprofen brand names, Indigestion, Indometacin, Inflammation, Intensive care unit, International nonproprietary name, Intravenous therapy, Isomerase, Isozyme, Japan, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Ketoprofen, Kidney failure, Lethal dose, Liver failure, Lysine, Medical journal, Metabolic acidosis, Methanol, Migraine, Miscarriage, Monograph, Myocardial infarction, Naproxen, Nausea, Neurology (journal), Neuroprotection, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Nystagmus, Order of the British Empire, Orthostatic hypotension, Osteoarthritis, Over-the-counter drug, Pain, Paracetamol, Parkinson's disease, Patent ductus arteriosus, Pericarditis, Pfizer, Photosensitivity, Platelet, Pregnancy, Prescription drug, Preterm birth, Propionate, Propionic acid, Prostaglandin, Prostaglandin H2, Queen's Awards for Enterprise, Racemic mixture, Rash, Renal colic, Renal function, Research, Rheumatoid arthritis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Stewart Adams (chemist), Stroke, Surgery, Tachycardia, Tamarind, Tanacetum parthenium, The Daily Telegraph, The Lancet, Thromboxane A2, Thrombus, Tinnitus, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Trifolium pratense, Turmeric, United States, United States Adopted Name, Vomiting, WebMD, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, Willow. Expand index (101 more) »
Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.
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Acetone
Acetone (systematically named propanone) is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO.
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Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
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Activated carbon
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon processed to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions.
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Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is an abrupt loss of kidney function that develops within 7 days.
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Aesculus
The genus Aesculus, with varieties called buckeye and horse chestnut, comprises 13–19 species of flowering plants in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae.
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Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase
In enzymology, an alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, also known as AMACR, is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction: In mammalian cells, the enzyme is responsible for converting (2R)-methylacyl-CoA esters to their (2S)-methylacyl-CoA epimers and known substrates, including coenzyme A esters of pristanic acid (mostly derived from phytanic acid, a 3-methyl branched-chain fatty acid that is abundant in the diet) and bile acids derived from cholesterol.
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Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time.
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Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
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Angelica sinensis
Angelica sinensis, commonly known as dong quai or "female ginseng" is a herb from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.
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Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory, or antiinflammatory, refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.
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Antiplatelet drug
An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant) is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation.
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Antipyretic
Antipyretics (from anti- 'against' and 'feverish') are substances that reduce fever.
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Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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Asthma
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
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Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria.
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Australian Approved Name
An Australian Approved Name (AAN) is a generic drug name set by the TGA for use in Australia.
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Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part.
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Bilberry
Bilberries are any of several primarily Eurasian species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium (family Ericaceae), bearing edible, nearly black berries.
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Boots UK
Boots UK (formerly Boots the Chemists Ltd), trading as Boots, is a pharmacy chain in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Thailand and other territories.
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a condition wherein an individual has a very slow heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.
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British Approved Name
A British Approved Name (BAN) is the official non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as defined in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP).
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Bronchospasm
Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.
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Bullous pemphigoid
Bullous pemphigoid is an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters, more appropriately known as bullae, at the space between the epidermis and dermis skin layers.
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Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.
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Chamomile
Chamomile (American English) or camomile (British English; see spelling differences) is the common name for several daisy-like plants of the family Asteraceae.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Coma
Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awaken; fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound; lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle; and does not initiate voluntary actions.
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Constipation
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.
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Coumarin
Coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) is a fragrant organic chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class, although it may also be seen as a subclass of lactones.
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Cyanosis
Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.
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Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.
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CYP2C9
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Dexibuprofen
Dexibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Dichloromethane
Methylene dichloride (DCM, or methylene chloride, or dichloromethane) is a geminal organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2.
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Diclofenac
Diclofenac (sold under a number of trade names) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
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Dietary supplement
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement the diet when taken by mouth as a pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid.
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Diuresis
Diuresis is increased urination and the physiologic process that produces such an increase.
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Dizziness
Dizziness is an impairment in spatial perception and stability.
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Ductus arteriosus
In the developing fetus, the ductus arteriosus, also called the ductus Botalli, is a blood vessel connecting the main pulmonary artery to the proximal descending aorta.
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Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation.
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EMedicine
eMedicine.com, Incorporated is an online clinical medical knowledge base founded in 1996 by two medical doctors, Scott Plantz and Jonathan Adler, and by Jeffrey Berezin, a computer engineer.
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Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer, also known as an optical isomer (and archaically termed antipode or optical antipode), is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable (not identical), much as one's left and right hands are the same except for being reversed along one axis (the hands cannot be made to appear identical simply by reorientation).
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Enteric coating
An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied on oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Fenugreek
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual plant in the family Fabaceae, with leaves consisting of three small obovate to oblong leaflets.
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Filipendula ulmaria
Filipendula ulmaria, commonly known as meadowsweet or mead wort, is a perennial herb in the family Rosaceae that grows in damp meadows.
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Flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Foster City, California
Foster City is a planned city located in San Mateo County, California.
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Garlic
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.
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Gastric lavage
Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach.
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Gastrointestinal bleeding
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.
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Generic drug
A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.
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Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger, is widely used as a spice or a folk medicine.
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Ginkgo
Ginkgo is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants.
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Ginseng
Ginseng is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as Korean ginseng (P. ginseng), South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), and American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), typically characterized by the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.
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Hangover
A hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects following the consumption of alcohol, such as wine, beer and distilled spirits.
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Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the graduate medical school of Harvard University.
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Headache
Headache is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck.
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Health system
A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Heartburn
Heartburn, also known as acid indigestion, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen.
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Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.
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Hypoventilation
Hypoventilation (also known as respiratory depression) occurs when ventilation is inadequate (hypo meaning "below") to perform needed gas exchange.
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Ibuprofen brand names
The analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen is sold under a wide variety of brand names across the world; the most common being its first registered trademark name of Brufen, along with Advil, Motrin, and Nurofen.
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Indigestion
Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a condition of impaired digestion.
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Indometacin
Indometacin (INN; or USAN indomethacin) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling from inflammation.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Intensive care unit
Intensive care unit An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit (CCU), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive treatment medicine.
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International nonproprietary name
The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is an official generic and non-proprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Isomerase
Isomerases are a general class of enzymes that convert a molecule from one isomer to another.
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Isozyme
Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes or more generally as multiple forms of enzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), also known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is the most common form of arthritis in children and adolescents.
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Ketoprofen
Ketoprofen, (RS)-2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid (chemical formula C16H14O3) is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic effects.
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Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.
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Lethal dose
In toxicology, the lethal dose (LD) is an indication of the lethal toxicity of a given substance or type of radiation.
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Liver failure
Liver failure or hepatic insufficiency is the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology.
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Lysine
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Medical journal
A medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal which communicates medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
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Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.
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Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol among others, is a chemical with the formula CH3OH (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated MeOH).
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Migraine
A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
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Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.
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Monograph
A monograph is a specialist work of writing (in contrast to reference works) on a single subject or an aspect of a subject, often by a single author, and usually on a scholarly subject.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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Naproxen
Naproxen (brand names: Aleve, Naprosyn, and many others) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class (the same class as ibuprofen) that relieves pain, fever, swelling, and stiffness.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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Neurology (journal)
Neurology is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology, of which it is the official journal.
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Neuroprotection
Neuroprotection refers to the relative preservation of neuronal structure and/or function.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.
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Nystagmus
Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in rare cases) eye movement, acquired in infancy or later in life, that may result in reduced or limited vision.
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Order of the British Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.
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Orthostatic hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, occurs when a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up from a lying or sitting position.
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
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Over-the-counter drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be sold only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.
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Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
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Paracetamol
--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.
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Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.
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Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
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Pericarditis
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the heart).
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Pfizer
Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical conglomerate headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.
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Photosensitivity
Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light.
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Prescription drug
A prescription drug (also prescription medication or prescription medicine) is a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Propionate
The propionate, or propanoate ion, is C2H5COO− (the conjugate base of propionic acid).
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Propionic acid
Propionic acid (from the Greek words protos, meaning "first", and pion, meaning "fat"; also known as propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula C2H5COOH.
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Prostaglandin
The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
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Prostaglandin H2
Prostaglandin H2 is a type of prostaglandin and a precursor for many other biologically significant molecules.
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Queen's Awards for Enterprise
The Queen's Awards for Enterprise is an awards programme for British businesses and other organizations who excel at international trade, innovation or sustainable development.
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Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
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Rash
A rash is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
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Renal colic
Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by kidney stones.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Research
Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
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Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction.
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Stewart Adams (chemist)
Professor Stewart Sanders Adams OBE (born 1923), is a British chemist, who was the main part of a team from Boots that developed ibuprofen in the early 1960s.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Surgery
Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via chirurgiae, meaning "hand work") is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
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Tamarind
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) is a leguminous tree in the family Fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa.
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Tanacetum parthenium
Tanacetum parthenium, feverfew, is a flowering plant in the daisy family Asteraceae.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
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The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.
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Thromboxane A2
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.
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Thrombus
A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.
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Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the hearing of sound when no external sound is present.
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction.
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Trifolium pratense
Trifolium pratense, the red clover, is a herbaceous species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Western Asia and northwest Africa, but planted and naturalised in many other regions.
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Turmeric
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Adopted Name
United States Adopted Names are unique nonproprietary names assigned to pharmaceuticals marketed in the United States.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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WebMD
WebMD is an American corporation known primarily as an online publisher of news and information pertaining to human health and well-being.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
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Willow
Willows, also called sallows, and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997.
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Redirects here:
(RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid, ATC code C01EB16, ATC code G02CC01, ATC code M01AE01, ATC code M02AA13, ATCvet code QC01EB16, ATCvet code QG02CC01, ATCvet code QM01AE01, ATCvet code QM02AA13, Aches-N-Pain, Actiprofen, Advil, Advil Liqui-Gels, Advil PM, Amersol, Amibufen, Andran, Anflagen, Apo-Ibuprofen, Apsifen, Apsifen-F, Artril 300, Baby Motrin, Baby motrin, Bluton, Brufanic, Brufen, Brufort, Buburone, Burana (drug), Butylenin, Caldolor, Cap-Profen, Children's Advil, Children's Elixsure, Children's Ibuprofen, Children's Motrin, Dolgirid, Dolo-Dolgit, Dolocyl, Dorival, Epobron, Femadon, Fenalgic, Fenbid Spansule, Haltran, Herron blue, Ibeprofan, Ibeprofen, Ibeprophan, Ibeprophen, Iboprofen, Iboprofin, Iboprufen, Ibprofan, Ibprofen, Ibprophan, Ibprophen, Ibruprofen, Ibu-Attritin, Ibu-Slo, Ibu-Tab, Ibu-Tab 200, Ibucalm, Ibufen, Ibumetin, Ibuprin, Ibuprocin, Ibuprofein, Ibuprofen lysine, Ibuprofen potassium, Ibuprofen sodium, Ibuprofening, Ibuprofin, Ibuprofrin, Ibuprohm, Ibuprom, Ibuprophen, Ibutid, Ibux, Ifen, Inabrin, Inoven, Ipren, Iso-butyl-propanoic-phenolic acid, Isobutylphenylpropanoic acid, Isobutylphenylpropionic acid, Junior Strength Advil, Junior Strength Ibuprofen, Junior Strength Motrin, Lamidon, Lebrufen, Lidifen, Liptan, Medipren, Midol 200, Modafen, Moltrin, Motrin, Mynosedin, Napacetin, Nobfelon, Nobfen, Nobgen, Novogent N, Novoprofen, Nuprin, Nurofen for children, Pantrop, Paxofen, Pedia-Profen, Pediaprofen, Pediatric Advil, Profen, Rafen, Rebugen, Roidenin, Rufen, Seclodin, Suspren, Tab-Profen, Tabalon, Trendar, Urem.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibuprofen
