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130 relations: Acupressure, Acupuncture, Addiction, Addiction (journal), Addictive personality, Agriculture, Alcohol, Alcohol (drug), Alcohol dependence, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Alcoholics Anonymous, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, Alpha-adrenergic agonist, Amphetamine, Amphetamine dependence, Analysis of variance, Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic, Applied behavior analysis, Baclofen, Barbiturate, Barbiturate dependence, Behaviorism, Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepine dependence, Biochemistry, Buprenorphine, CAGE questionnaire, Cannabis, Cannabis (drug), Cannabis use disorder, Cerebrospinal fluid, Chemical substance, Clonidine, Cocaine, Cocaine dependence, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Community reinforcement approach and family training, Complications of pregnancy, Compulsive behavior, Contingency management, Corticotropin-releasing factor family, Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor, Cortisol, CRAFFT Screening Test, CREB, Crime, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Delirium tremens, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ..., Disease model of addiction, Dopamine, Drug, Drug and Alcohol Dependence (journal), Drug rehabilitation, Drug withdrawal, DSM-5, Dual diagnosis, Dynorphin, Electro stimulation, Enkephalin, Evolutionary medicine, Explained variation, Extended amygdala, FOSB, Gabapentin, Gene expression, Hallucinogen, Harm reduction, Hepatitis, Heroin, History, HIV/AIDS, Hydromorphone, Hypnotic, Hypodermic needle, Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, Illegal drug trade, Inhalant, Integrative behavioral couples therapy, Μ-opioid receptor, Jurisdiction, Laser medicine, List of counseling topics, Locus coeruleus, Loperamide, MDMA, Mental disorder, Mesolimbic pathway, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Morphine, Narcotics Anonymous, Neuropeptide, Nicotine, Nicotine dependence, Nucleus accumbens, Opioid peptide, Opioid use disorder, Opium, Organized crime, Oxycodone, Paddington alcohol test, Pharmacokinetics, Phencyclidine, Phenobarbital, Phenomenon, Physical dependence, Pills Anonymous, Polysubstance dependence, Pregabalin, Psychiatry, Psychological dependence, Psychology, Reinforcement, Reward system, Sedative, Self-administration, Self-medication, Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, Signal transduction, Stimulant maintenance, Substance abuse, Substance dependence, The Lancet, Tobacco, Transcription (biology), Transcription factor, Twelve-step program, Valproate. Expand index (80 more) »
Acupressure
Acupressure is an alternative medicine technique similar in principle to acupuncture.
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Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine in which thin needles are inserted into the body.
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Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
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Addiction (journal)
Addiction is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1884 by the Society for the Study of Addiction to Alcohol and other Drugs.
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Addictive personality
An addictive personality refers to a particular set of personality traits that make an individual predisposed to developing addictions.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.
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Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug that is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).
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Alcohol dependence
Alcohol dependence is a previous psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also known formally as ethanol).
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Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a ten-question test developed by a World Health Organization-sponsored collaborative project to determine if a person may be at risk for alcohol abuse problems.
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Alcoholics Anonymous
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an international mutual aid fellowship whose stated purpose is to enable its members to "stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety." It was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio.
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Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gi heterotrimeric G-protein.
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Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Adrenergic alpha-agonists (or alpha-adrenergic agonists) are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors.
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Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
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Amphetamine dependence
Amphetamine dependence refers to a state of psychological dependence on a drug in the amphetamine class.
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Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among group means in a sample.
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Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.
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Applied behavior analysis
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a scientific discipline concerned with applying techniques based upon the principles of learning to change behavior of social significance.
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Baclofen
Baclofen, sold under the brand name Lioresal among others, is a medication used to treat spasticity.
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Barbiturate
A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to death.
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Barbiturate dependence
Barbiturate dependence develops with regular use of barbiturates.
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.
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Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
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Benzodiazepine dependence
Benzodiazepine dependence or benzodiazepine addiction is when one has developed one or more of either tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, drug seeking behaviors, such as continued use despite harmful effects, and maladaptive pattern of substance use, according to the DSM-IV.
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
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Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex, among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid addiction, acute pain, and chronic pain.
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CAGE questionnaire
The CAGE questionnaire, the name of which is an acronym of its four questions, is a widely used screening test for problem drinking and potential alcohol problems.
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Cannabis
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae.
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Cannabis (drug)
Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the ''Cannabis'' plant intended for medical or recreational use.
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Cannabis use disorder
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) (also known as cannabis or marijuana addiction) is defined in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and ICD-10 published by World Health Organization as the continued use of cannabis despite clinically significant impairment, ranging from mild to severe.
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
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Chemical substance
A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.
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Clonidine
Clonidine (trade names Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, Clophelin, and others) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, tic disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.
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Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
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Cocaine dependence
Cocaine dependence is a psychological desire to use cocaine regularly.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice aimed at improving mental health.
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Community reinforcement approach and family training
Community reinforcement approach and family training (CRAFT) is a behavior therapy approach for treating addiction.
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Complications of pregnancy
Complications of pregnancy are health problems that are caused by pregnancy.
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Compulsive behavior
Compulsive behavior is defined as performing an act persistently and repetitively without it necessarily leading to an actual reward or pleasure.
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Contingency management
Contingency management (CM) is most-widely used in the field of substance abuse, often implemented as part of clinical behavior analysis.
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Corticotropin-releasing factor family
Corticotropin-releasing factor, CRF is a family of related neuropeptides in vertebrates.
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Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors (CRHRs), also known as corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (CRFRs) are a G protein-coupled receptor family that binds corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
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Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones.
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CRAFFT Screening Test
The CRAFFT Screening Test is a short clinical assessment tool designed to screen for substance-related risks and problems in adolescents.
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CREB
CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor.
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Crime
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes.
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Delirium tremens
Delirium tremens (DTs) is a rapid onset of confusion usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
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Disease model of addiction
The disease model of addiction describes an addiction as a disease with biological, neurological, genetic, and environmental sources of origin.
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Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
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Drug
A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a temporary physiological (and often psychological) change in the body.
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Drug and Alcohol Dependence (journal)
Drug and Alcohol Dependence is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on biomedical and psychosocial approaches to addiction.
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Drug rehabilitation
Drug rehabilitation (often drug rehab or just rehab) is the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines.
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Drug withdrawal
Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
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DSM-5
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
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Dual diagnosis
Dual diagnosis (also called co-occurring disorders, COD, or dual pathology) is the condition of suffering from a mental illness and a comorbid substance abuse problem.
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Dynorphin
Dynorphins (Dyn) are a class of opioid peptides that arise from the precursor protein prodynorphin.
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Electro stimulation
Electro-stimulation is stimulation using electricity.
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Enkephalin
An enkephalin (occasionally spelled encephalin) is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body.
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Evolutionary medicine
Evolutionary medicine or Darwinian medicine is the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease.
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Explained variation
In statistics, explained variation measures the proportion to which a mathematical model accounts for the variation (dispersion) of a given data set.
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Extended amygdala
The extended amygdala is a macrostructure in the brain that is involved in reward cognition and defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining.
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FOSB
FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, also known as Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, FOSB or FosB, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FOSB gene.
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Gabapentin
Gabapentin, sold under the brand name Neurontin among others, is a medication which is used to treat epilepsy (specifically partial seizures), neuropathic pain, hot flashes, and restless legs syndrome.
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Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
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Hallucinogen
A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perceptual anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness.
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Harm reduction
Harm reduction, or harm minimization, is a range of public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal.
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.
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Heroin
Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.
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History
History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Hydromorphone
Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid, among others, is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.
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Hypnotic
Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep) or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or surgical anesthesia.
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Hypodermic needle
Hypodermic needle features A hypodermic needle (from Greek ὑπο- (under-), and δέρμα (skin)), one of a category of medical tools which enter the skin, called sharps, is a very thin, hollow tube with a sharp tip that contains a small opening at the pointed end.
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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys).
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Illegal drug trade
The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws.
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Inhalant
Inhalants are a broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases are concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth to produce intoxication (called "getting high" in slang), in a manner not intended by the manufacturer.
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Integrative behavioral couples therapy
Behavioral marital therapy, sometimes called behavioral couples therapy, has its origins in behaviorism and is a form of behavior therapy.
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Μ-opioid receptor
The μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins.
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Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from the Latin ius, iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined field of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law.
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Laser medicine
Laser medicine consists in the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy.
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List of counseling topics
Counseling is the activity of the counselor, or a professional who counsels people, especially on personal problems and difficulties.
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Locus coeruleus
The locus coeruleus (\-si-ˈrü-lē-əs\, also spelled locus caeruleus or locus ceruleus) is a nucleus in the pons of the brainstem involved with physiological responses to stress and panic.
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Loperamide
Loperamide, sold under the brand name Imodium among others, is a medication used to decrease the frequency of diarrhea.
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MDMA
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (E), is a psychoactive drug used primarily as a recreational drug.
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Mental disorder
A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.
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Mesolimbic pathway
The mesolimbic pathway, sometimes referred to as the reward pathway, is a dopaminergic pathway in the brain.
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Methadone
Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among others, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with tapering in people with opioid dependence.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Narcotics Anonymous
Narcotics Anonymous (NA) describes itself as a "nonprofit fellowship or society of men and women for whom drugs had become a major problem".
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Neuropeptide
Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other.
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Nicotine
Nicotine is a potent parasympathomimetic stimulant and an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants.
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Nicotine dependence
Nicotine dependence, or tobacco use disorder, is a state of dependence upon nicotine.
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Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc), also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi (Latin for nucleus adjacent to the septum) is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
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Opioid peptide
Opioid peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides.
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Opioid use disorder
Opioid use disorder is a medical condition characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use that causes clinically significant impairment or distress.
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Opium
Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver somniferum).
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Organized crime
Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit.
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Oxycodone
Oxycodone, sold under brand names such as Percocet and OxyContin among many others, is an opioid medication which is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain.
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Paddington alcohol test
The Paddington alcohol test (PAT) was first published in the Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine in 1996.
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism.
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Phencyclidine
Phencyclidine (PCP), also known as angel dust among other names, is a drug used for its mind altering effects.
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Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, is a medication recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries.
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Phenomenon
A phenomenon (Greek: φαινόμενον, phainómenon, from the verb phainein, to show, shine, appear, to be manifest or manifest itself, plural phenomena) is any thing which manifests itself.
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Physical dependence
Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.
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Pills Anonymous
Pills Anonymous (PA) is a twelve-step program for people who seek recovery from prescription drug addiction.
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Polysubstance dependence
A person with polysubstance dependence is psychologically addicted to being in an intoxicated state without a preference for one particular substance.
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Pregabalin
Pregabalin, marketed under the brand name Lyrica among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and generalized anxiety disorder.
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Psychiatry
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of mental disorders.
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Psychological dependence
Psychological dependence is a form of dependence that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., a state of unease or dissatisfaction, a reduced capacity to experience pleasure, or anxiety) upon cessation of drug use or exposure to a stimulus.
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Psychology
Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.
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Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.
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Reward system
The reward system is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., motivation and "wanting", desire, or craving for a reward), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positive emotions, particularly ones which involve pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
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Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
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Self-administration
Self-administration is, in its medical sense, the process of a subject administering a pharmacological substance to him-, her-, or itself.
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Self-medication
Self-medication is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological ailments.
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Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire
The Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ or SAD-Q) is a 20 item clinical screening tool designed to measure the presence and level of alcohol dependence.
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Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events, most commonly protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases, which ultimately results in a cellular response.
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Stimulant maintenance
Stimulant maintenance is the medical practice of prescribing stimulant drugs such as cocaine or amphetamines to people who are dependent on these drugs.
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Substance abuse
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.
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Substance dependence
Substance dependence also known as drug dependence is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use.
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The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.
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Tobacco
Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.
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Twelve-step program
A twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioral problems.
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Valproate
Valproate (VPA), and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms, are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches.
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Alcohol and drug dependence, Anti-craving agent, Anti-craving drug, Anti-craving medication, Anti-craving medicine, Anticraving, Anticraving agent, Anticraving drug, Anticraving medication, Anticraving medicine, Chemical dependency, Crack head, Dependence (behavioral medicine), Dependence on drugs, Drug abuse treatment, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Drug and alcohol dependence, Drug counseling, Drug dependence, Drug habit, Drug seeking, Drug seeking behavior, Drug-seeking behavior, Druggie, Druggies, Druggy, Pillhead, Psychological drug tolerance, Stimulus dependence, Substance Dependence, Substance dependant, Substance dependency, Toxicomania.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_dependence
