Table of Contents
627 relations: Aaron Beck, Abductive reasoning, Abnormal psychology, Abraham Brill, Abraham Maslow, Adoption study, Age of Enlightenment, Agreeableness, Albert Bandura, Albert Ellis, Alexander Luria, Alexander Mitscherlich (psychologist), Alfred Adler, Alfred Binet, Alfred Kinsey, Allison Davis (anthropologist), American Psychological Association, American Psychology–Law Society, An Unquiet Mind, Analysis of variance, Anatomy, Angela Neal-Barnett, Anna Freud, Anthropology, Antonio Damasio, Anxiety, Applied behavior analysis, Aristotle, Army Alpha, Army Beta, Army General Classification Test, Arthur Kornhauser, Artificial intelligence, Association for Behavior Analysis International, Association for Women in Psychology, Association of Black Psychologists, Attachment theory, Attention, Attitude (psychology), Authenticity (philosophy), Autogenic training, Automaticity, Availability heuristic, Édouard Claparède, Ātman (Hinduism), B. F. Skinner, Behavior, Behavior modification, Behavioral neuroscience, Behaviorism, ... Expand index (577 more) »
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
Aaron Beck
Aaron Temkin Beck (July 18, 1921November 1, 2021) was an American psychiatrist who was a professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania.
Abductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning (also called abduction,For example: abductive inference, or retroduction) is a form of logical inference that seeks the simplest and most likely conclusion from a set of observations.
See Psychology and Abductive reasoning
Abnormal psychology
The topic and directed area of focus for this section is Psychopathology. Psychology and Abnormal psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Abnormal psychology
Abraham Brill
Abraham Arden Brill (October 12, 1874 – March 2, 1948) was an Austrian Empire-born psychiatrist who spent almost his entire adult life in the United States.
See Psychology and Abraham Brill
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Harold Maslow (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) was an American psychologist who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.
See Psychology and Abraham Maslow
Adoption study
Adoption studies typically compare pairs of persons, e.g., adopted child and adoptive mother or adopted child and biological mother, to assess genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
See Psychology and Adoption study
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
See Psychology and Age of Enlightenment
Agreeableness
Agreeableness is a personality trait referring to individuals that are perceived as kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, honest, and considerate.
See Psychology and Agreeableness
Albert Bandura
Albert Bandura (December 4, 1925 – July 26, 2021) was a Canadian-American psychologist.
See Psychology and Albert Bandura
Albert Ellis
Albert Ellis (September 27, 1913 – July 24, 2007) was an American psychologist and psychotherapist who founded rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT).
See Psychology and Albert Ellis
Alexander Luria
Alexander Romanovich Luria (p; 16 July 1902 – 14 August 1977) was a Soviet neuropsychologist, often credited as a father of modern neuropsychology.
See Psychology and Alexander Luria
Alexander Mitscherlich (psychologist)
Alexander Harbord Mitscherlich (20 September 1908 – 26 June 1982) was a German psychiatrist and psychoanalyst.
See Psychology and Alexander Mitscherlich (psychologist)
Alfred Adler
Alfred Adler (7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology.
See Psychology and Alfred Adler
Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet (8 July 1857 – 18 October 1911), born Alfredo Binetti, was a French psychologist who together with Théodore Simon invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet–Simon test.
See Psychology and Alfred Binet
Alfred Kinsey
Alfred Charles Kinsey (June 23, 1894 – August 25, 1956) was an American sexologist, biologist, and professor of entomology and zoology who, in 1947, founded the Institute for Sex Research at Indiana University, now known as the Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction.
See Psychology and Alfred Kinsey
Allison Davis (anthropologist)
William Boyd Allison Davis (October 14, 1902 – November 21, 1983) was an American educator, anthropologist, writer, researcher, and scholar who became the second African American to hold a full faculty position at a major white university when he joined the staff of the University of Chicago in 1942, after only Dr.
See Psychology and Allison Davis (anthropologist)
American Psychological Association
The American Psychological Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychologists in the United States, and the largest psychological association in the world.
See Psychology and American Psychological Association
American Psychology–Law Society
The American Psychology–Law Society (AP–LS) is an academic society for legal and forensic psychologists, as well as general psychologists who are interested in the application of psychology to the law.
See Psychology and American Psychology–Law Society
An Unquiet Mind
An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness is a memoir written by American clinical psychologist and bipolar disorder researcher Kay Redfield Jamison and published in 1995.
See Psychology and An Unquiet Mind
Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means.
See Psychology and Analysis of variance
Anatomy
Anatomy is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts.
Angela Neal-Barnett
Angela M. Neal-Barnett is an American professor and child psychologist working at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio, US.
See Psychology and Angela Neal-Barnett
Anna Freud
Anna Freud CBE (3 December 1895 – 9 October 1982) was a British psychoanalyst of Austrian–Jewish descent.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Psychology and Anthropology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Anthropology
Antonio Damasio
Antonio Damasio (António Damásio) is a Portuguese neuroscientist.
See Psychology and Antonio Damasio
Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.
Applied behavior analysis
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the controversial practice of changing behavior by incorporating the principles of respondent and operant conditioning (primarily) to change behavior of social significance.
See Psychology and Applied behavior analysis
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Army Alpha
The Army Alpha is a group-administered test developed by Robert Yerkes and six others in order to evaluate the many U.S. military recruits during World War I.
Army Beta
The Army Beta 1917 is the non-verbal complement of the Army Alpha—a group-administered test developed by Robert Yerkes and six other committee members to evaluate some 1.5 million military recruits in the United States during World War I.
Army General Classification Test
The Army General Classification Test (AGCT) has a long history that runs parallel with research and means for attempting the assessment of intelligence or other abilities.
See Psychology and Army General Classification Test
Arthur Kornhauser
Arthur William Kornhauser (November 23, 1896 – December 11, 1990) was an American industrial psychologist.
See Psychology and Arthur Kornhauser
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.
See Psychology and Artificial intelligence
Association for Behavior Analysis International
The Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting behavior analysis. Psychology and Association for Behavior Analysis International are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Association for Behavior Analysis International
Association for Women in Psychology
The Association for Women in Psychology (AWP) is a not-for-profit scientific and educational organization committed to encouraging feminist psychological research, theory, and activism.
See Psychology and Association for Women in Psychology
Association of Black Psychologists
The Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) is a professional association of African American psychologists founded in 1968 in San Francisco, with regional chapters throughout the United States.
See Psychology and Association of Black Psychologists
Attachment theory
An attachment theory is a psychological and evolutionary theory concerning relationships between humans.
See Psychology and Attachment theory
Attention
Attention or focus, is the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli.
Attitude (psychology)
An attitude "is a summary evaluation of an object of thought.
See Psychology and Attitude (psychology)
Authenticity (philosophy)
Authenticity is a concept of personality in the fields of psychology, existential psychotherapy, existentialist philosophy, and aesthetics.
See Psychology and Authenticity (philosophy)
Autogenic training
Autogenic training is a relaxation technique first published by the German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz in 1932.
See Psychology and Autogenic training
Automaticity
In the field of psychology, automaticity is the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit.
See Psychology and Automaticity
Availability heuristic
The availability heuristic, also known as availability bias, is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.
See Psychology and Availability heuristic
Édouard Claparède
Édouard Claparède (24 March 1873 – 29 September 1940) was a Swiss neurologist, child psychologist, and educator.
See Psychology and Édouard Claparède
Ātman (Hinduism)
Ātman (आत्मन्) is a Sanskrit word for the true or eternal Self or the self-existent essence or impersonal witness-consciousness within each individual.
See Psychology and Ātman (Hinduism)
B. F. Skinner
Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, inventor, and social philosopher.
See Psychology and B. F. Skinner
Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.
Behavior modification
Behavior modification is a treatment approach that uses respondent and operant conditioning to change behavior.
See Psychology and Behavior modification
Behavioral neuroscience
Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, biopsychology, or psychobiology,, Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals. Psychology and Behavioral neuroscience are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Behavioral neuroscience
Behaviorism
Behaviorism (also spelled behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals.
See Psychology and Behaviorism
Behaviour therapy
Behaviour therapy or behavioural psychotherapy is a broad term referring to clinical psychotherapy that uses techniques derived from behaviourism and/or cognitive psychology.
See Psychology and Behaviour therapy
Behavioural sciences
Behavioural sciences is a branch of science that explore the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions that occur between organisms in the natural world.
See Psychology and Behavioural sciences
Belmont Report
The Belmont Report is a 1978 report created by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
See Psychology and Belmont Report
Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute
The Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute (later the Göring Institute) was founded in 1920 to further the science of psychoanalysis in Berlin.
See Psychology and Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute
Bernard Weiner
Bernard Weiner (born 1935) is an American social psychologist known for developing a form of attribution theory which seeks to explain the emotional and motivational entailments of academic success and failure.
See Psychology and Bernard Weiner
Bertram S. Brown
Bertram S. Brown (January 28, 1931 – May 14, 2020) was an American psychiatrist who was the head of the National Institute of Mental Health from 1970 to 1977, Assistant Surgeon General from 1978 to 1980, rear admiral in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and president and chief executive of Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia from 1983 until his retirement in 1987.
See Psychology and Bertram S. Brown
Beyond the Pleasure Principle
Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Jenseits des Lustprinzips) is a 1920 essay by Sigmund Freud.
See Psychology and Beyond the Pleasure Principle
Bias
* Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is inaccurate, closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair.
Big Five personality traits
In trait theory, the Big Five personality traits (sometimes known as the five-factor model of personality or OCEAN model) is a group of five unique characteristics used to study personality.
See Psychology and Big Five personality traits
Biopsychosocial model
Biopsychosocial models are a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors.
See Psychology and Biopsychosocial model
Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood that each last from days to weeks.
See Psychology and Bipolar disorder
Bodywork (alternative medicine)
In alternative medicine, bodywork is any therapeutic or personal development technique that involves working with the human body in a form involving manipulative therapy, breath work, or energy medicine.
See Psychology and Bodywork (alternative medicine)
Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
Brainwashing
Brainwashing, also known as mind control, menticide, coercive persuasion, thought control, thought reform, and forced re-education, is the controversial theory that purports that the human mind can be altered or controlled against a person's will by manipulative psychological techniques.
See Psychology and Brainwashing
Breathwork (New Age)
Breathwork is a term for various breathing practices in which the conscious control of breathing is said to influence a person's mental, emotional, or physical state, with a therapeutic effect.
See Psychology and Breathwork (New Age)
British Raj
The British Raj (from Hindustani, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent,.
See Psychology and British Raj
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.
See Psychology and Brown v. Board of Education
Buck v. Bell
Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927), is a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court, written by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., in which the Court ruled that a state statute permitting compulsory sterilization of the unfit, including the intellectually disabled, "for the protection and health of the state" did not violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
See Psychology and Buck v. Bell
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei (1868–1940) was a Chinese philosopher and politician who was an influential figure in the history of Chinese modern education.
See Psychology and Cai Yuanpei
California Psychological Inventory
The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) also known as California Personality Inventory is a self-report inventory created by Harrison G. Gough and currently published by Consulting Psychologists Press.
See Psychology and California Psychological Inventory
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Psychology and Cambridge University Press
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.
See Psychology and Cardiovascular disease
Carl Jung
Carl Gustav Jung (26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist who founded the school of analytical psychology.
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
See Psychology and Carl Linnaeus
Carl Rogers
Carl Ransom Rogers (January 8, 1902 – February 4, 1987) was an American psychologist who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology and was known especially for his person-centered psychotherapy.
See Psychology and Carl Rogers
Carl Wernicke
Carl (or Karl) Wernicke (15 May 1848 – 15 June 1905) was a German physician, anatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist.
See Psychology and Carl Wernicke
Carolyn Attneave
Carolyn Lewis Attneave (July 2, 1920 – June 22, 1992) was born in El Paso, Texas, to Scandinavian and Delaware Native American parents.
See Psychology and Carolyn Attneave
Case study
A case study is an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case (or cases) within a real-world context.
Causality
Causality is an influence by which one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly dependent on the cause.
Center for Open Science
The Center for Open Science is a non-profit technology organization based in Charlottesville, Virginia with a mission to "increase the openness, integrity, and reproducibility of scientific research." Brian Nosek and Jeffrey Spies founded the organization in January 2013, funded mainly by the Laura and John Arnold Foundation and others.
See Psychology and Center for Open Science
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Psychology and Central Intelligence Agency
Charles Samuel Myers
Charles Samuel Myers, CBE, FRS (13 March 1873 – 12 October 1946) was an English physician who worked as a psychologist.
See Psychology and Charles Samuel Myers
Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce (September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who is sometimes known as "the father of pragmatism".
See Psychology and Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Scott Sherrington
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was a British neurophysiologist.
See Psychology and Charles Scott Sherrington
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
Child psychoanalysis
Child psychoanalysis is a sub-field of psychoanalysis which was founded by Anna Freud.
See Psychology and Child psychoanalysis
Chinese Academy of Sciences
The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is the national academy for natural sciences and the highest consultancy for science and technology of the People's Republic of China.
See Psychology and Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See Psychology and Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Psychological Society
The Chinese Psychological Society is a non-profit academic organization, established by a group of psychologists in China.
See Psychology and Chinese Psychological Society
Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf,; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff in 1745; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher.
See Psychology and Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Clark L. Hull
Clark Leonard Hull (May 24, 1884 – May 10, 1952) was an American psychologist who sought to explain learning and motivation by scientific laws of behavior.
See Psychology and Clark L. Hull
Clark Wissler
Clark David Wissler (September 18, 1870 – August 25, 1947) was an American anthropologist, ethnologist, and archaeologist.
See Psychology and Clark Wissler
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning (also respondent conditioning and Pavlovian conditioning) is a behavioral procedure in which a biologically potent stimulus (e.g. food, a puff of air on the eye, a potential rival) is paired with a neutral stimulus (e.g. the sound of a musical triangle).
See Psychology and Classical conditioning
Clinical neuropsychology
Clinical neuropsychology is a sub-field of cognitive science and psychology concerned with the applied science of brain-behaviour relationships.
See Psychology and Clinical neuropsychology
Clinical psychology
Clinical psychology is an integration of human science, behavioral science, theory, and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Psychology and clinical psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Clinical psychology
Clive Wearing
Clive Wearing (born 11 May 1938) is a British former musicologist, conductor, tenor and pianist who developed chronic anterograde and retrograde amnesia in 1985.
See Psychology and Clive Wearing
Cognition
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that aims to reduce symptoms of various mental health conditions, primarily depression and anxiety disorders.
See Psychology and Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive bias
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
See Psychology and Cognitive bias
Cognitive map
A cognitive map is a type of mental representation which serves an individual to acquire, code, store, recall, and decode information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment.
See Psychology and Cognitive map
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes.
See Psychology and Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive revolution
The cognitive revolution was an intellectual movement that began in the 1950s as an interdisciplinary study of the mind and its processes, from which emerged a new field known as cognitive science.
See Psychology and Cognitive revolution
Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.
See Psychology and Cognitive science
Cognitivism (psychology)
In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s.
See Psychology and Cognitivism (psychology)
College Board
The College Board, styled as CollegeBoard, is an American not-for-profit organization that was formed in December 1899 as the College Entrance Examination Board (CEEB) to expand access to higher education.
See Psychology and College Board
Columbia University
Columbia University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private Ivy League research university in New York City.
See Psychology and Columbia University
Community mental health service
Community mental health services (CMHS), also known as community mental health teams (CMHT) in the United Kingdom, support or treat people with mental disorders (mental illness or mental health difficulties) in a domiciliary setting, instead of a psychiatric hospital (asylum).
See Psychology and Community mental health service
Comparative psychology
Comparative psychology is the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior. Psychology and Comparative psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Comparative psychology
Computational neuroscience
Computational neuroscience (also known as theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematics, computer science, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.
See Psychology and Computational neuroscience
Conformity
Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded.
Confucius
Confucius (孔子; pinyin), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages, as well as the first teacher in China to advocate for mass education.
Connectionism
Connectionism (coined by Edward Thorndike in the 1931) is the name of an approach to the study of human mental processes and cognition that utilizes mathematical models known as connectionist networks or artificial neural networks.
See Psychology and Connectionism
Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness is the personality trait of being responsible, careful, or diligent.
See Psychology and Conscientiousness
Consciousness
Consciousness, at its simplest, is awareness of internal and external existence.
See Psychology and Consciousness
Construct (psychology)
In psychology, a construct, also called a hypothetical construct or psychological construct, is a tool used to facilitate understanding of human behavior.
See Psychology and Construct (psychology)
Cordwainer Smith
Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger (July 11, 1913 – August 6, 1966), better known by his pen-name Cordwainer Smith, was an American author known for his science fiction works.
See Psychology and Cordwainer Smith
Cornell University
Cornell University is a private Ivy League land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York.
See Psychology and Cornell University
Correlation
In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.
See Psychology and Correlation
Counseling psychology
Counseling psychology is a psychological specialty that began with a focus on vocational counseling, but later moved its emphasis to adjustment counseling, and then expanded to cover all normal psychology psychotherapy.
See Psychology and Counseling psychology
Crisis intervention
Crisis intervention is a time-limited intervention with a specific psychotherapeutic approach to immediately stabilize those in crisis.
See Psychology and Crisis intervention
Croatia
Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.
Croatian Latin literature
Croatian Latin literature (or Croatian Latinism) is a term referring to literary works, written in the Latin language, which have evolved in present-day Croatia since the 9th century AD.
See Psychology and Croatian Latin literature
Cross-sectional study
In medical research, epidemiology, social science, and biology, a cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time—that is, cross-sectional data.
See Psychology and Cross-sectional study
Cybernetics
Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs.
See Psychology and Cybernetics
Daniel Wegner
Daniel Merton Wegner (June 28, 1948 – July 5, 2013) was an American social psychologist.
See Psychology and Daniel Wegner
Data dredging
Data dredging (also known as data snooping or p-hacking) is the misuse of data analysis to find patterns in data that can be presented as statistically significant, thus dramatically increasing and understating the risk of false positives.
See Psychology and Data dredging
Death drive
In classical Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the death drive (Todestrieb) is the drive toward death and destruction, often expressed through behaviors such as aggression, repetition compulsion, and self-destructiveness.
See Psychology and Death drive
Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of Helsinki (DoH, Helsingin julistus) is a set of ethical principles regarding human experimentation developed originally in 1964 for the medical community by the World Medical Association (WMA).
See Psychology and Declaration of Helsinki
Defence mechanism
In psychoanalytic theory, a defence mechanism is an unconscious psychological operation that functions to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings related to internal conflicts and outer stressors.
See Psychology and Defence mechanism
Delta wave
Delta waves are high amplitude neural oscillations with a frequency between 0.5 and 4 hertz.
Dependent and independent variables
A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable.
See Psychology and Dependent and independent variables
Depression (mood)
Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.
See Psychology and Depression (mood)
Depth psychology
Depth psychology (from the German term Tiefenpsychologie) refers to the practice and research of the science of the unconscious, covering both psychoanalysis and psychology.
See Psychology and Depth psychology
Derek Russell Davis
Derek Russell Davis FBPsS FRCPsych (20 April 1914 – 3 February 1993) was a British psychiatrist who served as the Norah Cooke-Hurle Professor of Mental Health at Bristol University from 1962 to 1979.
See Psychology and Derek Russell Davis
Descartes' Error
Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain is a 1994 book by neuroscientist António Damásio describing the physiology of rational thought and decision, and how the faculties could have evolved through Darwinian natural selection.
See Psychology and Descartes' Error
Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical view that all events in the universe, including human decisions and actions, are causally inevitable.
See Psychology and Determinism
Developmental psychology
Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives. Psychology and Developmental psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Developmental psychology
Differential psychology
Differential psychology studies the ways in which individuals differ in their behavior and the processes that underlie it. Psychology and Differential psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Differential psychology
Discrimination
Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, religion, physical attractiveness or sexual orientation.
See Psychology and Discrimination
Donald O. Hebb
Donald Olding Hebb (July 22, 1904 – August 20, 1985) was a Canadian psychologist who was influential in the area of neuropsychology, where he sought to understand how the function of neurons contributed to psychological processes such as learning.
See Psychology and Donald O. Hebb
Donald Winnicott
Donald Woods Winnicott (7 April 1896 – 25 January 1971) was an English paediatrician and psychoanalyst who was especially influential in the field of object relations theory and developmental psychology.
See Psychology and Donald Winnicott
Dorothy Riddle
Dorothy Riddle (born January 12, 1944) is an American-Canadian psychologist, feminist and economic development specialist.
See Psychology and Dorothy Riddle
Drapetomania
Drapetomania was a fake mental illness that, in 1851, American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of enslaved Africans fleeing captivity.
See Psychology and Drapetomania
Dream interpretation
Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams.
See Psychology and Dream interpretation
Drive reduction theory (learning theory)
Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition.
See Psychology and Drive reduction theory (learning theory)
Drive theory
In psychology, a drive theory, theory of drives or drive doctrine is a theory that attempts to analyze, classify or define the psychological drives.
See Psychology and Drive theory
DSM-5
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is the 2013 update to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the taxonomic and diagnostic tool published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Dynamical system
In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in an ambient space, such as in a parametric curve.
See Psychology and Dynamical system
Dysaesthesia aethiopica
In psychiatry, dysaesthesia aethiopica (literally "Ethiopian bad feeling", "black bad feeling") was an alleged mental illness described by American physician Samuel A. Cartwright in 1851, which proposed a theory for the cause of laziness among slaves.
See Psychology and Dysaesthesia aethiopica
E. Kitch Childs
Ellen Kitch Childs (April 11, 1937 – January 10, 1993) was an American clinical psychologist and a lesbian activist known for her participation in the women's liberation movement in North America and for advocating for minority women, prostitutes, gays and lesbians.
See Psychology and E. Kitch Childs
E. O. Wilson
Edward Osborne Wilson (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American biologist, naturalist, ecologist, and entomologist known for developing the field of sociobiology.
See Psychology and E. O. Wilson
E. Tory Higgins
Edward Tory Higgins (born March 12, 1946) is the Stanley Schachter Professor of Psychology and Business, and Director of the Motivation Science Center at Columbia University.
See Psychology and E. Tory Higgins
Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth.
See Psychology and Earth science
Eating
Eating (also known as consuming) is the ingestion of food.
Ebers Papyrus
The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus of herbal knowledge dating to (the late Second Intermediate Period or early New Kingdom).
See Psychology and Ebers Papyrus
Ecological validity
In the behavioral sciences, ecological validity is often used to refer to the judgment of whether a given study's variables and conclusions (often collected in lab) are sufficiently relevant to its population (e.g. the "real world" context).
See Psychology and Ecological validity
Educational Psychologist (journal)
The Educational Psychologist is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of Division 15 (Educational Psychology) of the American Psychological Association.
See Psychology and Educational Psychologist (journal)
Educational psychology
Educational psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning.
See Psychology and Educational psychology
Educational research
Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education.
See Psychology and Educational research
Edward B. Titchener
Edward Bradford Titchener (11 January 1867 – 3 August 1927) was an English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years.
See Psychology and Edward B. Titchener
Edward C. Tolman
Edward Chace Tolman (April 14, 1886 – November 19, 1959) was an American psychologist and a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.
See Psychology and Edward C. Tolman
Edward Thorndike
Edward Lee Thorndike (August 31, 1874 – August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University.
See Psychology and Edward Thorndike
Edwin Ray Guthrie
Edwin Ray Guthrie (January 9, 1886 – April 23, 1969) was a behavioral psychologist who began his career as a mathematics teacher and philosopher.
See Psychology and Edwin Ray Guthrie
Effect size
In statistics, an effect size is a value measuring the strength of the relationship between two variables in a population, or a sample-based estimate of that quantity.
See Psychology and Effect size
Ego psychology
Ego psychology is a school of psychoanalysis rooted in Sigmund Freud's structural id-ego-superego model of the mind.
See Psychology and Ego psychology
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain.
See Psychology and Electroencephalography
Elizabeth Altmaier
Elizabeth Mitchell Altmaier (born 1952) is a counseling psychologist whose clinical and academic work has focused on issues related to overcoming life-threatening and traumatic circumstances.
See Psychology and Elizabeth Altmaier
Ellen Langer
Ellen Jane Langer (born March 25, 1947) is an American professor of psychology at Harvard University; in 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard.
See Psychology and Ellen Langer
Emergence
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole.
Emil Kraepelin
Emil Wilhelm Georg Magnus Kraepelin (15 February 1856 – 7 October 1926) was a German psychiatrist.
See Psychology and Emil Kraepelin
Emotion
Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.
Empirical research
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.
See Psychology and Empirical research
Engineering psychology
Engineering psychology, also known as Human Factors Engineering, is the science of human behavior and capability, applied to the design and operation of systems and technology.
See Psychology and Engineering psychology
Erich Fromm
Erich Seligmann Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist.
See Psychology and Erich Fromm
Erik Erikson
Erik Homburger Erikson (born Erik Salomonsen; 15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) was an American child psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings.
See Psychology and Erik Erikson
Escape from Freedom
Escape from Freedom is a book by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, first published in the United States by Farrar & Rinehart in 1941 with the title Escape from Freedom and a year later as The Fear of Freedom in UK by Routledge & Kegan Paul.
See Psychology and Escape from Freedom
Ethnography
Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures.
See Psychology and Ethnography
Ethology
Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals. Psychology and Ethology are behavioural sciences.
Eugenics
Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.
Eugenics in the United States
Eugenics, the set of beliefs and practices which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population, played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States from the late 19th century into the mid-20th century.
See Psychology and Eugenics in the United States
Eugenics Record Office
The Eugenics Record Office (ERO), located in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States, was a research institute that gathered biological and social information about the American population, serving as a center for eugenics and human heredity research from 1910 to 1939.
See Psychology and Eugenics Record Office
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective.
See Psychology and Evolutionary psychology
Existential therapy
Existential psychotherapy is a form of psychotherapy based on the model of human nature and experience developed by the existential tradition of European philosophy.
See Psychology and Existential therapy
Existentialism
Existentialism is a family of views and forms of philosophical inquiry that explores the issue of human existence.
See Psychology and Existentialism
Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
Experimental psychology
Experimental psychology refers to work done by those who apply experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes.
See Psychology and Experimental psychology
Explicit memory
Explicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory.
See Psychology and Explicit memory
Exploratory data analysis
In statistics, exploratory data analysis (EDA) is an approach of analyzing data sets to summarize their main characteristics, often using statistical graphics and other data visualization methods.
See Psychology and Exploratory data analysis
Exposition Universelle (1889)
The italic of 1889, better known in English as the 1889 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 6 May to 31 October 1889.
See Psychology and Exposition Universelle (1889)
Extraversion and introversion
Extraversion and introversion are a central trait dimension in human personality theory.
See Psychology and Extraversion and introversion
Facilitated communication
Facilitated communication (FC), or supported typing, is a scientifically discredited technique, which claims to allow non-verbal people, such as those with autism, to communicate.
See Psychology and Facilitated communication
Factor analysis
Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors.
See Psychology and Factor analysis
Falsifiability
Falsifiability (or refutability) is a deductive standard of evaluation of scientific theories and hypotheses, introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934).
See Psychology and Falsifiability
Family resilience
An important part of the heritage of family resilience is the concept of individual psychological resilience which originates from work with children focusing on what helped them become resilient in the face of adversity.
See Psychology and Family resilience
Feeling
According to the APA Dictionary of Psychology, a feeling is "a self-contained phenomenal experience"; and feelings are "subjective, evaluative, and independent of the sensations, thoughts, or images evoking them".
Field experiment
Field experiments are experiments carried out outside of laboratory settings.
See Psychology and Field experiment
Field research
Field research, field studies, or fieldwork is the collection of raw data outside a laboratory, library, or workplace setting.
See Psychology and Field research
FiveThirtyEight
538, originally rendered as FiveThirtyEight, is an American website that focused on opinion poll analysis, politics, economics, and sports blogging in the United States.
See Psychology and FiveThirtyEight
Folk psychology
In philosophy of mind and cognitive science, folk psychology, or commonsense psychology, is a human capacity to explain and predict the behavior and mental state of other people.
See Psychology and Folk psychology
Ford Foundation
The Ford Foundation is an American private foundation with the stated goal of advancing human welfare.
See Psychology and Ford Foundation
Forensic psychology
Forensic psychology is the practice of psychology applied to the law.
See Psychology and Forensic psychology
Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
Fort Oglethorpe is a city predominantly in Catoosa County with some portions in Walker County in the U.S. state of Georgia.
See Psychology and Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
Forty Studies That Changed Psychology
Forty Studies That Changed Psychology: Explorations Into the History of Psychological Research is an academic textbook written by Roger R. Hock that is currently in its eighth edition.
See Psychology and Forty Studies That Changed Psychology
Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was a British polymath and the originator of the behavioral genetics movement during the Victorian era.
See Psychology and Francis Galton
Free association (psychology)
Free association is the expression (as by speaking or writing) of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes.
See Psychology and Free association (psychology)
Free love
Free love is a social movement that accepts all forms of love.
Free Press (publisher)
Free Press was an American independent book publisher that later became an imprint of Simon & Schuster.
See Psychology and Free Press (publisher)
Free will
Free will is the capacity or ability to choose between different possible courses of action.
Freudian slip
In psychoanalysis, a Freudian slip, also called parapraxis, is an error in speech, memory, or physical action that occurs due to the interference of an unconscious subdued wish or internal train of thought.
See Psychology and Freudian slip
Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers.
See Psychology and Friedrich Nietzsche
Fritz Perls
Friedrich Salomon Perls (July 8, 1893 – March 14, 1970), better known as Fritz Perls, was a German-born psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and psychotherapist.
See Psychology and Fritz Perls
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
See Psychology and Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional neuroimaging
Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions.
See Psychology and Functional neuroimaging
Functional periodicity
Functional periodicity is a term that emerged around the late 19th century around the belief, later to be found invalid, that women suffered from physical and mental impairment during their menstrual cycle.
See Psychology and Functional periodicity
Functional psychology
Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychological school of thought that was a direct outgrowth of Darwinian thinking which focuses attention on the utility and purpose of behavior that has been modified over years of human existence.
See Psychology and Functional psychology
Functional specialization (brain)
In neuroscience, functional specialization is a theory which suggests that different areas in the brain are specialized for different functions.
See Psychology and Functional specialization (brain)
Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
In the philosophy of mind, functionalism is the thesis that each and every mental state (for example, the state of having a belief, of having a desire, or of being in pain) is constituted solely by its functional role, which means its causal relation to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs.
See Psychology and Functionalism (philosophy of mind)
G. Stanley Hall
Granville Stanley Hall (February 1, 1844 – April 24, 1924) was an American psychologist and educator who earned the first doctorate in psychology awarded in the United States of America at Harvard College in the nineteenth century.
See Psychology and G. Stanley Hall
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, generally translated as "community and society", are categories which were used by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in order to categorize social relationships into two types.
See Psychology and Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
Genetic screen
A genetic screen or mutagenesis screen is an experimental technique used to identify and select individuals who possess a phenotype of interest in a mutagenized population.
See Psychology and Genetic screen
Genome-wide association study
In genomics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait.
See Psychology and Genome-wide association study
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy.
See Psychology and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
George Kelly (psychologist)
George Alexander Kelly (April 28, 1905 – March 6, 1967) was an American psychologist, therapist, educator and personality theorist.
See Psychology and George Kelly (psychologist)
Georgy Shchedrovitsky
Georgy Petrovich Shchedrovitsky (Георгий Петрович Щедровицкий; 23 February 1929 – 3 February 1994) was a Russian philosopher and methodologist, public and cultural figure.
See Psychology and Georgy Shchedrovitsky
Gestalt psychology
Gestalt psychology, gestaltism, or configurationism is a school of psychology and a theory of perception that emphasises the processing of entire patterns and configurations, and not merely individual components.
See Psychology and Gestalt psychology
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (– 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who invented calculus in addition to many other branches of mathematics, such as binary arithmetic, and statistics.
See Psychology and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Gratitude journal
A gratitude journal is a diary of things for which someone is grateful.
See Psychology and Gratitude journal
Great Purge
The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.
See Psychology and Great Purge
Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
See Psychology and Greek alphabet
Grounded theory
Grounded theory is a systematic methodology that has been largely applied to qualitative research conducted by social scientists.
See Psychology and Grounded theory
Group dynamics
Group dynamics is a system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (''inter''group dynamics).
See Psychology and Group dynamics
Gustav Fechner
Gustav Theodor Fechner (19 April 1801 – 18 November 1887) was a German physicist, philosopher, and experimental psychologist.
See Psychology and Gustav Fechner
Hans Berger
Hans Berger (21 May 1873 – 1 June 1941) was a German psychiatrist.
See Psychology and Hans Berger
Hans Eysenck
Hans Jürgen Eysenck (4 March 1916 – 4 September 1997) was a German-born British psychologist.
See Psychology and Hans Eysenck
Harald Schultz-Hencke
Harald Julius Alfred Carl-Ludwig Schultz-Hencke (18 August 1892, Berlin – 23 May 1953, Berlin) was a German psychiatrist and psychotherapist.
See Psychology and Harald Schultz-Hencke
Harcourt Assessment
Harcourt Assessment was a company that published and distributed educational and psychological assessment tools and therapy resources and provided educational assessment and data management services for national, state, district and local assessments.
See Psychology and Harcourt Assessment
Hard and soft science
Hard science and soft science are colloquial terms used to compare scientific fields on the basis of perceived methodological rigor, exactitude, and objectivity.
See Psychology and Hard and soft science
Harry Harlow
Harry Frederick Harlow (October 31, 1905 – December 6, 1981) was an American psychologist best known for his maternal-separation, dependency needs, and social isolation experiments on rhesus monkeys, which manifested the importance of caregiving and companionship to social and cognitive development.
See Psychology and Harry Harlow
Harry Stack Sullivan
Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892 – January 14, 1949) was an American Neo-Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who held that "personality can never be isolated from the complex interpersonal relationships in which person lives" and that "he field of psychiatry is the field of interpersonal relations under any and all circumstances in which relations exist".
See Psychology and Harry Stack Sullivan
Harvey A. Carr
Harvey A. Carr (April 30, 1873 – June 21, 1954), a founding father of functionalist psychology, was renowned for a methodical and thorough approach to his science.
See Psychology and Harvey A. Carr
Hawthorne effect
The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed.
See Psychology and Hawthorne effect
Health psychology
Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare. Psychology and health psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Health psychology
Helena Blavatsky
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (– 8 May 1891), often known as Madame Blavatsky, was a Russian and American mystic and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.
See Psychology and Helena Blavatsky
Henry H. Goddard
Henry Herbert Goddard (August 14, 1866 – June 18, 1957) was an American psychologist, eugenicist, and segregationist during the early 20th century.
See Psychology and Henry H. Goddard
Henry Molaison
Henry Gustav Molaison (February 26, 1926 – December 2, 2008), known widely as H.M., was an American who had a bilateral medial temporal lobectomy to surgically resect the anterior two thirds of his hippocampi, parahippocampal cortices, entorhinal cortices, piriform cortices, and amygdalae in an attempt to cure his epilepsy.
See Psychology and Henry Molaison
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Hermann Ebbinghaus (24 January 1850 – 26 February 1909) was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory.
See Psychology and Hermann Ebbinghaus
Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal.
See Psychology and Hermann Göring
Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.
See Psychology and Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermeneutics
Hermeneutics is the theory and methodology of interpretation, especially the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
See Psychology and Hermeneutics
Higher education in the United States
In the United States, higher education is an optional stage of formal learning following secondary education.
See Psychology and Higher education in the United States
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kôios), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician and philosopher of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
See Psychology and Hippocrates
Homeostasis
In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.
See Psychology and Homeostasis
Horace Mann Bond
Horace Mann Bond (November 8, 1904 – December 21, 1972) was an American historian, college administrator, social science researcher and the father of civil-rights leader Julian Bond.
See Psychology and Horace Mann Bond
Huangdi Neijing
Huangdi Neijing, literally the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor or Esoteric Scripture of the Yellow Emperor, is an ancient Chinese medical text or group of texts that has been treated as a fundamental doctrinal source for Chinese medicine for more than two millennia.
See Psychology and Huangdi Neijing
Hugo Münsterberg
Hugo Münsterberg (June 1, 1863 – December 16, 1916) was a German-American psychologist.
See Psychology and Hugo Münsterberg
Human sexuality
Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually.
See Psychology and Human sexuality
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
Humanistic psychology
Humanistic psychology is a psychological perspective that arose in the mid-20th century in answer to two theories: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and B. F. Skinner's behaviorism.
See Psychology and Humanistic psychology
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany.
See Psychology and Humboldt University of Berlin
Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited.
See Psychology and Huntington's disease
Hypnosis
Hypnosis is a human condition involving focused attention (the selective attention/selective inattention hypothesis, SASI), reduced peripheral awareness, and an enhanced capacity to respond to suggestion.
Hypothesis
A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
Id, ego and superego
In psychoanalytic theory, the id, ego and superego are three distinct, interacting agents in the psychic apparatus, defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche.
See Psychology and Id, ego and superego
Idiot
An idiot, in modern use, is a stupid or foolish person.
Illusion of control
The illusion of control is the tendency for people to overestimate their ability to control events.
See Psychology and Illusion of control
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
See Psychology and Immanuel Kant
Imperial examination
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the state bureaucracy.
See Psychology and Imperial examination
Implicit memory
In psychology, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory.
See Psychology and Implicit memory
Implicit-association test
The implicit-association test (IAT) is an assessment intended to detect subconscious associations between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory.
See Psychology and Implicit-association test
Indian philosophy
Indian philosophy consists of philosophical traditions of the Indian subcontinent.
See Psychology and Indian philosophy
Industrial and organizational psychology
Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) "focuses the lens of psychological science on a key aspect of human life, namely, their work lives. Psychology and Industrial and organizational psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Industrial and organizational psychology
Industrial engineering
Industrial engineering is an engineering profession that is concerned with the optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information and equipment.
See Psychology and Industrial engineering
Information Operations (United States)
Information Operations is a category of direct and indirect support operations for the United States Military.
See Psychology and Information Operations (United States)
Information processing (psychology)
In cognitive psychology, information processing is an approach to the goal of understanding human thinking that treats cognition as essentially computational in nature, with the mind being the software and the brain being the hardware.
See Psychology and Information processing (psychology)
Informed consent
Informed consent is a principle in medical ethics, medical law and media studies, that a patient must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about their medical care.
See Psychology and Informed consent
Inside Higher Ed
Inside Higher Ed is an American online publication of news, opinion, resources, events and jobs in the higher education sphere.
See Psychology and Inside Higher Ed
Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
Institutional review board
An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ethical.
See Psychology and Institutional review board
Integrative psychotherapy
Integrative psychotherapy is the integration of elements from different schools of psychotherapy in the treatment of a client.
See Psychology and Integrative psychotherapy
Intellectual disability
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom) and formerly mental retardation (in the United States),Rosa's Law, Pub.
See Psychology and Intellectual disability
Intellectual giftedness
Intellectual giftedness is an intellectual ability significantly higher than average.
See Psychology and Intellectual giftedness
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
See Psychology and Intelligence
Intelligence quotient
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence.
See Psychology and Intelligence quotient
Interamerican Psychological Society
The Interamerican Society of Psychology is an organization representing the interests of psychologists throughout the Americas.
See Psychology and Interamerican Psychological Society
International Association of Applied Psychology
The International Association of Applied Psychology (IAAP) was created in 1919 by Édouard Claparède under the name of International Association of Psychotechnics (Association Internationale de Psychotechnique) and the secretary general was Jean-Maurice Lahy.
See Psychology and International Association of Applied Psychology
International Personality Item Pool
The International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) is a public domain collection of items for use in personality tests.
See Psychology and International Personality Item Pool
International Union of Psychological Science
The International Union of Psychological Science, abbreviated IUPsyS, is the global umbrella organization for psychology.
See Psychology and International Union of Psychological Science
Internment
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges.
Interpersonal psychoanalysis
Interpersonal psychoanalysis is based on the theories of American psychiatrist Harry Stack Sullivan (1892–1949).
See Psychology and Interpersonal psychoanalysis
Interpersonal relationship
In social psychology, an interpersonal relation (or interpersonal relationship) describes a social association, connection, or affiliation between two or more persons.
See Psychology and Interpersonal relationship
Introspection
Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
See Psychology and Introspection
Involuntary unemployment
Involuntary unemployment occurs when a person is unemployed despite being willing to work at the prevailing wage.
See Psychology and Involuntary unemployment
Irving B. Weiner
Irving B. Weiner is an American psychologist and past president of Division 12 of the American Psychological Association.
See Psychology and Irving B. Weiner
Item response theory
In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT) (also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables.
See Psychology and Item response theory
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Иван Петрович Павлов,; 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
See Psychology and Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Sechenov
Ivan Mikhaylovich Sechenov (Ива́н Миха́йлович Се́ченов; –) was a Russian psychologist, physiologist, and medical scientist.
See Psychology and Ivan Sechenov
Jaak Panksepp
Jaak Panksepp (June 5, 1943 – April 18, 2017) was an Estonian-American neuroscientist and psychobiologist who coined the term "affective neuroscience", the name for the field that studies the neural mechanisms of emotion.
See Psychology and Jaak Panksepp
Jacob Cohen (statistician)
Jacob Cohen (April 20, 1923 – January 20, 1998) was an American psychologist and statistician best known for his work on statistical power and effect size, which helped to lay foundations for current statistical meta-analysis and the methods of estimation statistics.
See Psychology and Jacob Cohen (statistician)
Jacques Lacan
Jacques Marie Émile Lacan (13 April 1901 – 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist.
See Psychology and Jacques Lacan
James McKeen Cattell
James McKeen Cattell (May 25, 1860 – January 20, 1944) was the first professor of psychology in the United States, teaching at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
See Psychology and James McKeen Cattell
Jane Goodall
Dame Jane Morris Goodall (born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall; 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English zoologist, primatologist and anthropologist.
See Psychology and Jane Goodall
Jean Piaget
Jean William Fritz Piaget (9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development.
See Psychology and Jean Piaget
Jerome Bruner
Jerome Seymour Bruner (October 1, 1915 – June 5, 2016) was an American psychologist who made significant contributions to human cognitive psychology and cognitive learning theory in educational psychology.
See Psychology and Jerome Bruner
Job control (workplace)
Job control is a person's ability to influence what happens in their work environment, in particular to influence matters that are relevant to their personal goals.
See Psychology and Job control (workplace)
Johann Friedrich Herbart
Johann Friedrich Herbart (4 May 1776 – 14 August 1841) was a German philosopher, psychologist and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.
See Psychology and Johann Friedrich Herbart
Johannes Heinrich Schultz
Johannes Heinrich Schultz (20 June 1884 – 19 September 1970) was a German psychiatrist and psychotherapist.
See Psychology and Johannes Heinrich Schultz
John B. Watson
John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism, establishing it as a psychological school.
See Psychology and John B. Watson
John Bargh
John A. Bargh (born 1955) is a social psychologist currently working at Yale University, where he has formed the Automaticity in Cognition, Motivation, and Evaluation (ACME) Laboratory.
John Bowlby
Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, CBE, FBA, FRCP, FRCPsych (26 February 1907 – 2 September 1990) was a British psychologist, psychiatrist, and psychoanalyst, notable for his interest in child development and for his pioneering work in attachment theory.
See Psychology and John Bowlby
John D. Marks
John D. Marks (born 1943) is the founder and former president of Search for Common Ground (SFCG), a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that focuses on international conflict management programming.
See Psychology and John D. Marks
John Dewey
John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
John Stuart Mill
John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant.
See Psychology and John Stuart Mill
Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University (often abbreviated as Johns Hopkins, Hopkins, Johns, or JHU) is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland.
See Psychology and Johns Hopkins University
Joseph E. LeDoux
Joseph E. LeDoux (born December 7, 1949) is an American neuroscientist whose research is primarily focused on survival circuits, including their impacts on emotions such as fear and anxiety.
See Psychology and Joseph E. LeDoux
Joseph Jastrow
Joseph Jastrow (January 30, 1863 – January 8, 1944) was a Polish-born American psychologist notorious for inventions in experimental psychology, design of experiments, and psychophysics.
See Psychology and Joseph Jastrow
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
The Journal of Experimental Social Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering social psychology.
See Psychology and Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
Karen Horney
Karen Horney (16 September 1885 – 4 December 1952) was a German psychoanalyst who practiced in the United States during her later career.
See Psychology and Karen Horney
Karl Lashley
Karl Spencer Lashley (June 7, 1890 – August 7, 1958) was an American psychologist and behaviorist remembered for his contributions to the study of learning and memory.
See Psychology and Karl Lashley
Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian–British philosopher, academic and social commentator.
See Psychology and Karl Popper
Kay Redfield Jamison
Kay Redfield Jamison (born June 22, 1946) is an American clinical psychologist and writer.
See Psychology and Kay Redfield Jamison
Kenneth and Mamie Clark
Kenneth Bancroft Clark (July 24, 1914 – May 1, 2005) and Mamie Phipps Clark (April 18, 1917 – August 11, 1983) were American psychologists who as a married team conducted research among children and were active in the Civil Rights Movement.
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Khrushchev Thaw
The Khrushchev Thaw (p or simply ottepel)William Taubman, Khrushchev: The Man and His Era, London: Free Press, 2004 is the period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s when repression and censorship in the Soviet Union were relaxed due to Nikita Khrushchev's policies of de-Stalinization and peaceful coexistence with other nations.
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Kristin Neff
Kristin Neff is an associate professor in the University of Texas at Austin's department of educational psychology.
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Kurt Koffka
Kurt Koffka (March 12, 1886 – November 22, 1941) was a German psychologist and professor.
See Psychology and Kurt Koffka
Laity
In religious organizations, the laity consists of all members who are not part of the clergy, usually including any non-ordained members of religious orders, e.g. a nun or a lay brother.
Language acquisition
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language.
See Psychology and Language acquisition
Laozi
Laozi (老子), also romanized as Lao Tzu and various other ways, was a semi-legendary ancient Chinese philosopher, author of the Tao Te Ching, the foundational text of Taoism along with the Zhuangzi.
Latency stage
The latency stage is the fourth stage of Sigmund Freud's model of a child's psychosexual development.
See Psychology and Latency stage
Lateralization of brain function
The lateralization of brain function (or hemispheric dominance/ latralisation) is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other.
See Psychology and Lateralization of brain function
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Learned helplessness
Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control.
See Psychology and Learned helplessness
Leipzig
Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
Leta Stetter Hollingworth (25 May 1886 – 27 November 1939) was an American psychologist, educator, and feminist.
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Lev Vygotsky
Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (Лев Семёнович Выготский,; Леў Сямёнавіч Выгоцкі; – June 11, 1934) was a Russian and Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory.
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Lewis Terman
Lewis Madison Terman (January 15, 1877 – December 21, 1956) was an American psychologist, academic, and proponent of eugenics.
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Lightner Witmer
Lightner Witmer (June 28, 1867 – July 19, 1956) was an American psychologist.
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Linear regression
In statistics, linear regression is a statistical model which estimates the linear relationship between a scalar response and one or more explanatory variables (also known as dependent and independent variables).
See Psychology and Linear regression
List of cognitive biases
Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment.
See Psychology and List of cognitive biases
Little Albert experiment
The Little Albert experiment was a controversial study that mid-20th century psychologists interpret as evidence of classical conditioning in humans.
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Liu Zhi (scholar)
Liu Zhi (Xiao'erjing: ﻟِﯿَﻮْ جِ, ca. 1660 – ca. 1739), or Liu Chih, was a Chinese Sunni Hanafi-Maturidi scholar of the Qing dynasty, belonging to the Huiru (Muslim) school of Neoconfucian thought.
See Psychology and Liu Zhi (scholar)
Logarithm
In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation.
Logistic regression
In statistics, the logistic model (or logit model) is a statistical model that models the log-odds of an event as a linear combination of one or more independent variables.
See Psychology and Logistic regression
Logotherapy
Logotherapy was developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl and is based on the premise that the primary motivational force of an individual is to find a meaning in life.
See Psychology and Logotherapy
Longitudinal study
A longitudinal study (or longitudinal survey, or panel study) is a research design that involves repeated observations of the same variables (e.g., people) over long periods of time (i.e., uses longitudinal data).
See Psychology and Longitudinal study
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German Lysergsäure-diethylamid), and known colloquially as acid or lucy, is a potent psychedelic drug.
Ludwig Binswanger
Ludwig Binswanger (13 April 1881 – 5 February 1966) was a Swiss psychiatrist and pioneer in the field of existential psychology.
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Macmillan Publishers
Macmillan Publishers (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group; formally Macmillan Publishers Ltd in the UK and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC in the US) is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers (along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster).
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Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
See Psychology and Major depressive disorder
Mamie Phipps Clark
Mamie Phipps Clark (October 18, 1917 – August 11, 1983) was a social psychologist who, along with her husband Kenneth Clark, focused on the development of self-consciousness in black preschool children.
See Psychology and Mamie Phipps Clark
Marigold Linton
Marigold Linton (born 1936) is a cognitive psychologist and member of the Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians.
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Marko Marulić
Marko Marulić Splićanin (in Latin Marcus Marulus Spalatensis; 18 August 1450 – 5 January 1524), was a Croatian poet, lawyer, judge, and Renaissance humanist who coined the term "psychology".
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Martha E. Bernal
Martha E. Bernal (April 13, 1931 – September 28, 2001) was an American clinical psychologist.
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Martin Heidegger
Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.
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Martin Seligman
Martin Elias Peter Seligman (born August 12, 1942) is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books.
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Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.
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Mary Ainsworth
Mary Dinsmore Ainsworth (December 1, 1913 – March 21, 1999) was an American-Canadian developmental psychologist known for her work in the development of the attachment theory.
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Mary Whiton Calkins
Mary Whiton Calkins (30 March 1863 – 26 February 1930) was an American philosopher and psychologist, whose work informed theory and research of memory, dreams and the self.
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review.
See Psychology and Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Mathematical psychology
Mathematical psychology is an approach to psychological research that is based on mathematical modeling of perceptual, thought, cognitive and motor processes, and on the establishment of law-like rules that relate quantifiable stimulus characteristics with quantifiable behavior (in practice often constituted by task performance).
See Psychology and Mathematical psychology
Matthias Göring
Matthias Heinrich Göring (5 April 1879, Düsseldorf – 24/25 July 1945, Posen) was a German psychiatrist, born in Düsseldorf.
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Max Wertheimer
Max Wertheimer (April 15, 1880 – October 12, 1943) was a psychologist who was one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler.
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Müller-Lyer illusion
The Müller-Lyer illusion is an optical illusion consisting of three stylized arrows.
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McGraw Hill Education
McGraw Hill is an American publishing company for educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.
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Media psychology
Media psychology is the branch and specialty field in psychology that focuses on the interaction of human behavior with media and technology.
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Mediation (statistics)
In statistics, a mediation model seeks to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator variable (also a mediating variable, intermediary variable, or intervening variable).
See Psychology and Mediation (statistics)
Melanie Klein
Melanie Klein (née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis.
See Psychology and Melanie Klein
Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.
Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible.
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Menstruation
Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.
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Mental age
Mental age is a concept related to intelligence.
Mental disorder
A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.
See Psychology and Mental disorder
Mentalism (psychology)
In psychology, mentalism refers to those branches of study that concentrate on perception and thought processes, for example: mental imagery, consciousness and cognition, as in cognitive psychology.
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Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis is the statistical combination of the results of multiple studies addressing a similar research question.
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Metascience
Metascience (also known as meta-research) is the use of scientific methodology to study science itself.
See Psychology and Metascience
Microarray
A microarray is a multiplex lab-on-a-chip.
Milgram experiment
Beginning on August 7, 1961, a series of social psychology experiments were conducted by Yale University psychologist Stanley Milgram, who intended to measure the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who instructed them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience.
See Psychology and Milgram experiment
Military psychology
Military psychology is a specialization within psychology that applies psychological science to promote the readiness of military members, organizations, and operations.
See Psychology and Military psychology
Mind
The mind is what thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, encompassing the totality of mental phenomena.
Ministry of National Education (France)
The Ministry of National Education and Youth, or simply Ministry of National Education, as the title has changed several times in the course of the Fifth Republic, is the cabinet member in the Government of France who oversees the country's public educational system and supervises agreements and authorisations for private teaching organisations.
See Psychology and Ministry of National Education (France)
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a standardized psychometric test of adult personality and psychopathology.
See Psychology and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Misuse of statistics
Statistics, when used in a misleading fashion, can trick the casual observer into believing something other than what the data shows.
See Psychology and Misuse of statistics
MKUltra
Project MKUltra was an illegal human experiments program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used during interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture.
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms.
See Psychology and Molecular genetics
Mood (psychology)
In psychology, a mood is an affective state.
See Psychology and Mood (psychology)
Morton Prince
Morton Henry Prince (December 22, 1854 – August 31, 1929) was an American physician who specialized in neurology and abnormal psychology, and was a leading force in establishing psychology as a clinical and academic discipline.
See Psychology and Morton Prince
Motivation
Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior.
Multilevel model
Multilevel models (also known as hierarchical linear models, linear mixed-effect model, mixed models, nested data models, random coefficient, random-effects models, random parameter models, or split-plot designs) are statistical models of parameters that vary at more than one level.
See Psychology and Multilevel model
Musculoskeletal disorder
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back.
See Psychology and Musculoskeletal disorder
Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a pseudoscientific self-report questionnaire that claims to indicate differing "psychological types" (often commonly called "personality types").
See Psychology and Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
Nancy McWilliams
Nancy McWilliams, Ph.D., ABPP., is emerita visiting professor at the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology at Rutgers University.
See Psychology and Nancy McWilliams
Naomi Weisstein
Naomi Weisstein (January 1, 1939 – March 26, 2015) was an American cognitive psychologist, neuroscientist, author and professor of psychology.
See Psychology and Naomi Weisstein
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
See Psychology and Napoleonic Wars
Narendra Nath Sen Gupta
Narendra Nath Sen Gupta (23 December 1889 – 13 June 1944) was a Harvard-educated Indian psychologist, philosopher, and professor, who is generally recognized as the founder of modern psychology in India along with Indian Scientist Gunamudian David Boaz.
See Psychology and Narendra Nath Sen Gupta
National Indian Education Association
The National Indian Education Association (NIEA) is the only national nonprofit exclusive to education issues for American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian people of the United States.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH, is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research.
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National Research Act
The National Research Act is an American law enacted by the 93rd United States Congress and signed into law by President Richard Nixon on July 12, 1974.
See Psychology and National Research Act
Natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
See Psychology and Natural science
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
See Psychology and Natural selection
Naturalistic observation
Naturalistic observation, sometimes referred to as fieldwork, is a research methodology in numerous fields of science including ethology, anthropology, linguistics, the social sciences, and psychology, in which data are collected as they occur in nature, without any manipulation by the observer.
See Psychology and Naturalistic observation
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
See Psychology and Nazi Germany
Nazi Party
The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.
Nervous system
In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
See Psychology and Nervous system
Neural network (biology)
A neural network, also called a neuronal network, is an interconnected population of neurons (typically containing multiple neural circuits).
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Neuropsychoanalysis
Neuropsychoanalysis integrates both neuroscience and psychoanalysis, to create a balanced and equal study of the human mind.
See Psychology and Neuropsychoanalysis
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how a person's cognition and behavior are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
See Psychology and Neuropsychology
Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders.
See Psychology and Neuroscience
Neuroscience of free will
The neuroscience of free will, a part of neurophilosophy, is the study of topics related to free will (volition and sense of agency) using neuroscience and the analysis of how findings from such studies may impact the free will debate.
See Psychology and Neuroscience of free will
Neurosis
Neurosis (neuroses) is a term mainly used today by followers of Freudian thinking to describe mental disorders caused by past anxiety, often that has been repressed.
Neuroticism
Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with negative emotions.
See Psychology and Neuroticism
Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism.
See Psychology and Noam Chomsky
Null result
In science, a null result is a result without the expected content: that is, the proposed result is absent.
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Nuremberg Code
The Nuremberg Code (Nürnberger Kodex) is a set of ethical research principles for human experimentation created by the court in U.S. v Brandt, one of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials that were held after the Second World War.
See Psychology and Nuremberg Code
Object relations theory
Object relations theory is a school of thought in psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis centered around theories of stages of ego development.
See Psychology and Object relations theory
Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints.
See Psychology and Observational study
Occupational health psychology
Occupational health psychology (OHP) is an interdisciplinary area of psychology that is concerned with the health and safety of workers. Psychology and Occupational health psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Occupational health psychology
Occupational medicine
Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM), previously called industrial medicine, is a board certified medical specialty under the American Board of Preventative Medicine that specializes in the prevention and treatment of work-related illnesses and injuries.
See Psychology and Occupational medicine
Occupational stress
Occupational stress is psychological stress related to one's job.
See Psychology and Occupational stress
Office of Strategic Services
The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was an intelligence agency of the United States during World War II.
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Oliver Sacks
Oliver Wolf Sacks (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurologist, naturalist, historian of science, and writer.
See Psychology and Oliver Sacks
On the Soul
On the Soul (Greek: Περὶ Ψυχῆς, Peri Psychēs; Latin: De Anima) is a major treatise written by Aristotle.
See Psychology and On the Soul
Openness to experience
Openness to experience is one of the domains which are used to describe human personality in the Five Factor Model.
See Psychology and Openness to experience
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning process where voluntary behaviors are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli.
See Psychology and Operant conditioning
Operational definition
An operational definition specifies concrete, replicable procedures designed to represent a construct.
See Psychology and Operational definition
Outline of space science
The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to space science: Space science – field that encompasses all of the scientific disciplines that involve space exploration and study natural phenomena and physical bodies occurring in outer space, such as space medicine and astrobiology.
See Psychology and Outline of space science
Paedology
Paedology (paidology) is the study of children's behavior and development (as distinct from pedagogy, the art or science of teaching, and pediatrics, the field of medicine relating to children).
Parapsychology
Parapsychology is the study of alleged psychic phenomena (extrasensory perception, telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis (also called telekinesis), and psychometry) and other paranormal claims, for example, those related to near-death experiences, synchronicity, apparitional experiences, etc.
See Psychology and Parapsychology
Patriarchy
Patriarchy is a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are held by men.
Paul Broca
Pierre Paul Broca (also,,; 28 June 1824 – 9 July 1880) was a French physician, anatomist and anthropologist.
Paul Flechsig
Paul Emil Flechsig (29 June 1847, Zwickau, Kingdom of Saxony – 22 July 1929, Leipzig) was a German neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and neuropathologist.
See Psychology and Paul Flechsig
Pearson correlation coefficient
In statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data.
See Psychology and Pearson correlation coefficient
Peking University
Peking University (abbreviated PKU or Beida) is a public university in Haidian, Beijing, China.
See Psychology and Peking University
Perception
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.
Person-centered therapy
Person-centered therapy, also known as person-centered psychotherapy, person-centered counseling, client-centered therapy and Rogerian psychotherapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by psychologist Carl Rogers and colleagues beginning in the 1940s and extending into the 1980s.
See Psychology and Person-centered therapy
Personality psychology
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals. Psychology and personality psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Personality psychology
Persuasion
Persuasion or persuasion arts is an umbrella term for influence.
Phenomenology (psychology)
Phenomenology or phenomenological psychology, a sub-discipline of psychology, is the scientific study of subjective experiences.
See Psychology and Phenomenology (psychology)
Phineas Gage
Phineas P. Gage (18231860) was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his lifeeffects sufficiently profound that friends saw him (for a time at least) as "no longer Gage".
See Psychology and Phineas Gage
Phobia
A phobia is an anxiety disorder, defined by an irrational, unrealistic, persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation.
Phrenology
Phrenology or craniology is a pseudoscience that involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.
Phyllis Chesler
Phyllis Chesler (born October 1, 1940) is an American writer, psychotherapist, and professor emerita of psychology and women's studies at the College of Staten Island (CUNY).
See Psychology and Phyllis Chesler
Physiognomy
Physiognomy (from the Greek φύσις,, meaning "nature", and, meaning "judge" or "interpreter") or face reading is the practice of assessing a person's character or personality from their outer appearance—especially the face.
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Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
Pierre Bovet
Pierre Bovet (born on 5 June 1878 in Grandchamp (commune of Boudry); died in Boudry on 2 December 1965) was a Swiss psychologist and pedagogue.
See Psychology and Pierre Bovet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Marie Félix Janet (30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory.
See Psychology and Pierre Janet
Pioneer Fund
The Pioneer Fund is an American non-profit foundation established in 1937 "to advance the scientific study of heredity and human differences".
See Psychology and Pioneer Fund
Pit of despair
The pit of despair was a name used by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow for a device he designed, technically called a vertical chamber apparatus, that he used in experiments on rhesus macaque monkeys at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the 1970s.
See Psychology and Pit of despair
Placebo
A placebo is a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value.
Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
Play therapy
Play therapy refers to a range of methods of capitalising on children's natural urge to explore and harnessing it to meet and respond to the developmental and later also their mental health needs.
See Psychology and Play therapy
Pleasure principle (psychology)
In Freudian psychoanalysis, the pleasure principle (Lustprinzip) is the instinctive seeking of pleasure and avoiding of pain to satisfy biological and psychological needs.
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Polygene
A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.
Positive psychology
Positive psychology is a field of psychological theory and research of optimal human functioning of people, groups, and institutions.
See Psychology and Positive psychology
Positron emission tomography
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
See Psychology and Positron emission tomography
Postpartum depression
Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a mood disorder experienced after childbirth, which can affect men and women.
See Psychology and Postpartum depression
Priming (psychology)
Priming is a concept in psychology to describe how exposure to one stimulus may influence a response to a subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention.
See Psychology and Priming (psychology)
Program evaluation
Program evaluation is a systematic method for collecting, analyzing, and using information to answer questions about projects, policies and programs, particularly about their effectiveness and efficiency.
See Psychology and Program evaluation
Progressive education
Progressive education, or educational progressivism, is a pedagogical movement that began in the late 19th century and has persisted in various forms to the present.
See Psychology and Progressive education
Project Camelot
Project Camelot was the code name of a counterinsurgency study begun by the United States Army in 1964.
See Psychology and Project Camelot
Prosocial behavior
Prosocial behavior, or intent to benefit others, is a social behavior that "benefit other people or society as a whole", "such as helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering".
See Psychology and Prosocial behavior
Prussia
Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.
Prussian education system
The Prussian education system refers to the system of education established in Prussia as a result of educational reforms in the late 18th and early 19th century, which has had widespread influence since.
See Psychology and Prussian education system
Psi (Greek)
Psi (uppercase Ψ, lowercase ψ or 𝛙; psi) is the twenty-third and penultimate letter of the Greek alphabet and is associated with a numeric value of 700.
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Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae
Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae (Croatian: Psihologija, o naravi ljudske duše) National and University Library in Zagreb.
See Psychology and Psichiologia de ratione animae humanae
Psyche (psychology)
In psychology, the psyche is the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious.
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Psychic
A psychic is a person who claims to use powers rooted in parapsychology such as extrasensory perception (ESP) to identify information hidden from the normal senses, particularly involving telepathy or clairvoyance, or who performs acts that are apparently inexplicable by natural laws, such as psychokinesis or teleportation.
Psychoanalysis
PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.
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Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Psychodynamic psychotherapy (or psychodynamic therapy) and psychoanalytic psychotherapy (or psychoanalytic therapy) are two categories of psychological therapies.
See Psychology and Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Psychoeducation
Psychoeducation (a portmanteau of psychological education) is an evidence-based therapeutic intervention for patients and their loved ones that provides information and support to better understand and cope with illness.
See Psychology and Psychoeducation
Psychological operations (United States)
Psychological operations (PSYOP) are operations to convey selected information and indicators to audiences to influence their motives and objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of governments, organizations, groups, and large foreign powers.
See Psychology and Psychological operations (United States)
Psychological resilience
Psychological resilience is the ability to cope mentally and emotionally with a crisis, or to return to pre-crisis status quickly.
See Psychology and Psychological resilience
Psychological Review
Psychological Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers psychological theory.
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Psychological Science
Psychological Science, the flagship journal of the Association for Psychological Science, is a monthly, peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by SAGE Publications.
See Psychology and Psychological Science
Psychological Science in the Public Interest
Psychological Science in the Public Interest (PSPI) is a triannual peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering issues in psychology of interest to the public at large.
See Psychology and Psychological Science in the Public Interest
Psychological Types
Psychological Types is a book by Carl Jung that was originally published in German by Rascher Verlag in 1921, and translated into English in 1923, becoming volume 6 of The Collected Works of C. G. Jung.
See Psychology and Psychological Types
Psychological warfare
Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PsyOp), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations (MISO), Psy Ops, political warfare, "Hearts and Minds", and propaganda.
See Psychology and Psychological warfare
Psychologist
A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior.
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Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Psychology and Psychology are behavioural sciences and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Psychometrics
Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement.
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Psychopathology
Psychopathology is the study of mental illness.
See Psychology and Psychopathology
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (from Greek label; label; and label) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, behavior, judgment and evaluation, and memory.
See Psychology and Psychopharmacology
Psychophysics
Psychophysics quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.
See Psychology and Psychophysics
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy (also psychological therapy, talk therapy, or talking therapy) is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior, increase happiness, and overcome problems.
See Psychology and Psychotherapy
Psychoticism
Psychoticism is one of the three traits used by the psychologist Hans Eysenck in his P–E–N model (psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism) model of personality.
See Psychology and Psychoticism
Publication bias
In published academic research, publication bias occurs when the outcome of an experiment or research study biases the decision to publish or otherwise distribute it.
See Psychology and Publication bias
Punishment
Punishment, commonly, is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority—in contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal law—as a response and deterrent to a particular action or behavior that is deemed undesirable or unacceptable.
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.
See Psychology and Qing dynasty
Qualitative psychological research
Qualitative psychological research is psychological research that employs qualitative methods. Qualitative research methodologies are oriented towards developing an understanding of the meaning and experience dimensions of human lives and their social worlds.
See Psychology and Qualitative psychological research
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is a type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation.
See Psychology and Qualitative research
Quantitative psychological research
Quantitative psychological research is psychological research that employs quantitative research methods.
See Psychology and Quantitative psychological research
Quasi-experiment
A quasi-experiment is an empirical interventional study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on target population without random assignment.
See Psychology and Quasi-experiment
Racial discrimination
Racial discrimination is any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their race, ancestry, ethnicity, and/or skin color and hair texture.
See Psychology and Racial discrimination
Racial segregation
Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.
See Psychology and Racial segregation
Radical behaviorism
Radical behaviorism is a "philosophy of the science of behavior" developed by B. F. Skinner.
See Psychology and Radical behaviorism
Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control.
See Psychology and Randomized controlled trial
Raymond Cattell
Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March 1905 – 2 February 1998) was a British-American psychologist, known for his psychometric research into intrapersonal psychological structure.
See Psychology and Raymond Cattell
Reality principle
In Freudian psychology and psychoanalysis, the reality principle (Realitätsprinzip) is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly, as opposed to acting according to the pleasure principle.
See Psychology and Reality principle
Reductionism
Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other simpler or more fundamental phenomena.
See Psychology and Reductionism
Reflex
In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus.
Reinforcement
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus.
See Psychology and Reinforcement
Relational psychoanalysis
Relational psychoanalysis is a school of psychoanalysis in the United States that emphasizes the role of real and imagined relationships with others in mental disorder and psychotherapy.
See Psychology and Relational psychoanalysis
Reliability (statistics)
In statistics and psychometrics, reliability is the overall consistency of a measure.
See Psychology and Reliability (statistics)
Reparenting
Reparenting is a form of psychotherapy in which the therapist actively assumes the role of a new or surrogate parental figure for the client, in order to treat psychological disturbances caused by defective, even abusive, parenting.
See Psychology and Reparenting
Repetition compulsion
Repetition compulsion is the unconscious tendency of a person to repeat a traumatic event or its circumstances.
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Replication crisis
The replication crisis is an ongoing methodological crisis in which the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to reproduce.
See Psychology and Replication crisis
Repression (psychoanalysis)
Repression is a key concept of psychoanalysis, where it is understood as a defense mechanism that "ensures that what is unacceptable to the conscious mind, and would if recalled arouse anxiety, is prevented from entering into it." According to psychoanalytic theory, repression plays a major role in many mental illnesses, and in the psyche of the average person.
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Reproducibility
Reproducibility, closely related to replicability and repeatability, is a major principle underpinning the scientific method.
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Reproducibility Project
The Reproducibility Project is a series of crowdsourced collaborations aiming to reproduce published scientific studies, finding high rates of results which could not be replicated.
See Psychology and Reproducibility Project
Robert Yerkes
Robert Mearns Yerkes (May 26, 1876 – February 3, 1956) was an American psychologist, ethologist, eugenicist and primatologist best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology.
See Psychology and Robert Yerkes
Rockefeller family
The Rockefeller family is an American industrial, political, and banking family that owns one of the world's largest fortunes.
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Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City.
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Roger E. Kirk
Roger E. Kirk (February 23, 1930 – December 30, 2023) was a professor of psychology and statistics at Baylor University.
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Rollo May
Rollo Reece May (April 21, 1909 – October 22, 1994) was an American existential psychologist and author of the influential book Love and Will (1969).
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Roy Baumeister
Roy Frederick Baumeister (born May 16, 1953) is an American social psychologist who is known for his work on the self, social rejection, belongingness, sexuality and sex differences, self-control, self-esteem, self-defeating behaviors, motivation, aggression, consciousness, and free will.
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Russian Americans
Russian Americans (p) are Americans of full or partial Russian ancestry.
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Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.
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S&P Global
S&P Global Inc. (prior to April 2016 McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013 The McGraw–Hill Companies, Inc.) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in Manhattan, New York City.
Safety culture
Safety culture is the element of organizational culture which is concerned with the maintenance of safety and compliance with safety standards.
See Psychology and Safety culture
Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
See Psychology and Sage Publishing
SAT
The SAT is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States.
Søren Kierkegaard
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.
See Psychology and Søren Kierkegaard
School psychology
School psychology is a field that applies principles from educational psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, community psychology, and behavior analysis to meet the learning and behavioral health needs of children and adolescents.
See Psychology and School psychology
Scientific management
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows.
See Psychology and Scientific management
Second-wave feminism
Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in the early 1960s and lasted roughly two decades, ending with the feminist sex wars in the early 1980s and being replaced by third-wave feminism in the early 1990s.
See Psychology and Second-wave feminism
Self psychology
Self psychology, a modern psychoanalytic theory and its clinical applications, was conceived by Heinz Kohut in Chicago in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s, and is still developing as a contemporary form of psychoanalytic treatment.
See Psychology and Self psychology
Self-actualization
Self-actualization, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs, is the highest level of psychological development, where personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled.
See Psychology and Self-actualization
Self-concept
In the psychology of self, one's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about oneself.
See Psychology and Self-concept
Self-esteem
Self-esteem is confidence in one's own worth, abilities, or morals.
See Psychology and Self-esteem
Self-image
Self-image is the mental picture, generally of a kind that is quite resistant to change, that depicts not only details that are potentially available to an objective investigation by others (height, weight, hair color, etc.), but also items that have been learned by persons about themselves, either from personal experiences or by internalizing the judgments of others.
Self-report study
A self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without any outside interference.
See Psychology and Self-report study
Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
See Psychology and Sexual selection
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.
See Psychology and Sigmund Freud
Slate (magazine)
Slate is an online magazine that covers current affairs, politics, and culture in the United States.
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Social behavior
Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other.
See Psychology and Social behavior
Social cognition
Social cognition is a topic within psychology that focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations.
See Psychology and Social cognition
Social construction of gender
The social construction of gender is a theory in the humanities and social sciences about the manifestation of cultural origins, mechanisms, and corollaries of gender perception and expression in the context of interpersonal and group social interaction.
See Psychology and Social construction of gender
Social environment
The social environment, social context, sociocultural context or milieu refers to the immediate physical and social setting in which people live or in which something happens or develops.
See Psychology and Social environment
Social learning theory
Social learning theory is a theory of social behavior that proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing and imitating others.
See Psychology and Social learning theory
Social norm
Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.
See Psychology and Social norm
Social psychology
Social psychology is the scientific study of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Psychology and Social psychology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Social psychology
Social science
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.
See Psychology and Social science
Social Science Research Council
The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) is a US-based, independent, international nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing research in the social sciences and related disciplines.
See Psychology and Social Science Research Council
Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science
The Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1973.
See Psychology and Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science
Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology
The Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) is a professional organization that promotes the "science, practice, and teaching" of industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology.
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Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues
Founded in 1936, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI) is a group of 3,000 scientists from psychology and related fields who share a common interest in research on the psychological aspects of important social and policy issues.
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Sociobiology
Sociobiology is a field of biology that aims to explain social behavior in terms of evolution. Psychology and Sociobiology are behavioural sciences.
See Psychology and Sociobiology
Sociology
Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. Psychology and Sociology are behavioural sciences.
Soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.
Sport psychology
Sport psychology is defined by the European Federation of Sport Psychology (FEPSAC) in 1996, as the study of the psychological basis, processes, and effects of sport.
See Psychology and Sport psychology
Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales
The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales (or more commonly the Stanford–Binet) is an individually administered intelligence test that was revised from the original Binet–Simon Scale by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon.
See Psychology and Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales
State Council of the People's Republic of China
The State Council of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Central People's Government, is the chief administrative authority and the national cabinet of China.
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Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently support a particular hypothesis.
See Psychology and Statistical hypothesis test
Stereotype
In social psychology, a stereotype is a generalized belief about a particular category of people.
Steven Blankaart
Steven Blankaart Latinized as Stephanus Blancardus (24 October 1650, Middelburg – 23 February 1704, Amsterdam) was a Dutch physician, iatrochemist, and entomologist, who worked on the same field as Jan Swammerdam.
See Psychology and Steven Blankaart
Stochastic process
In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a sequence of random variables in a probability space, where the index of the sequence often has the interpretation of time.
See Psychology and Stochastic process
Stream of consciousness (psychology)
The metaphor "stream of consciousness" suggests how thoughts seem to flow through the conscious mind.
See Psychology and Stream of consciousness (psychology)
Structural equation modeling
Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a diverse set of methods used by scientists doing both observational and experimental research.
See Psychology and Structural equation modeling
Structuralism (psychology)
Structuralism in psychology (also structural psychology) is a theory of consciousness developed by Edward Bradford Titchener.
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Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
The distinction between subjectivity and objectivity is a basic idea of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics.
See Psychology and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subliminal stimuli
Subliminal stimuli (literally "below" or "less than") are any sensory stimuli below an individual's threshold for conscious perception, in contrast to stimuli (above threshold).
See Psychology and Subliminal stimuli
Suicidal ideation
Suicidal ideation, or suicidal thoughts, is the thought process of having ideas, or ruminations about the possibility of completing suicide.
See Psychology and Suicidal ideation
Suicide prevention
Suicide prevention is a collection of efforts to reduce the risk of suicide.
See Psychology and Suicide prevention
Survey methodology
Survey methodology is "the study of survey methods".
See Psychology and Survey methodology
Tara Brach
Tara Brach (born May 17, 1953) is an American psychologist, author, and proponent of Buddhist meditation.
Test validity
Test validity is the extent to which a test (such as a chemical, physical, or scholastic test) accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.
See Psychology and Test validity
Thales of Miletus
Thales of Miletus (Θαλῆς) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor.
See Psychology and Thales of Miletus
Thalidomide scandal
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the use of thalidomide in 46 countries by women who were pregnant or who subsequently became pregnant resulted in the "biggest anthropogenic medical disaster ever," with more than 10,000 children born with a range of severe deformities, such as phocomelia, as well as thousands of miscarriages.
See Psychology and Thalidomide scandal
Théodore Simon
Théodore Simon (10 July 1873 – 4 September 1961) was a French psychiatrist who worked with Alfred Binet to develop the Binet-Simon scale, one of the most widely used scales in the world for measuring intelligence.
See Psychology and Théodore Simon
The American Journal of Psychiatry
The American Journal of Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of psychiatry, and is the official journal of the American Psychiatric Association.
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.
See Psychology and The Holocaust
The Interpretation of Dreams
The Interpretation of Dreams (Die Traumdeutung) is an 1899 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus complex.
See Psychology and The Interpretation of Dreams
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.
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The Principles of Psychology
The Principles of Psychology is an 1890 book about psychology by William James, an American philosopher and psychologist who trained to be a physician before going into psychology.
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The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Psychopathology of Everyday Life (Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens) is a 1901 work by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.
See Psychology and The Psychopathology of Everyday Life
Theosophy
Theosophy is a religious and philosophical system established in the United States in the late 19th century.
Therapeutic relationship
The therapeutic relationship refers to the relationship between a healthcare professional and a client or patient.
See Psychology and Therapeutic relationship
Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis.
Thomas Kuhn
Thomas Samuel Kuhn (July 18, 1922 – June 17, 1996) was an American historian and philosopher of science whose 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was influential in both academic and popular circles, introducing the term paradigm shift, which has since become an English-language idiom.
See Psychology and Thomas Kuhn
Thought
In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation.
Time (magazine)
Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.
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Total institution
A total institution or residential institution is a place of work and residence where a great number of similarly situated people, cut off from the wider community for a considerable time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life.
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Trait theory
In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality.
See Psychology and Trait theory
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction.
See Psychology and Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Twin study
Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins.
Unconscious mind
In psychoanalysis and other psychological theories, the unconscious mind (or the unconscious) is the part of the psyche that is not available to introspection.
See Psychology and Unconscious mind
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
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United States Department of Education
The United States Department of Education is a cabinet-level department of the United States government.
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University of Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA) is a public research university in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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University of Calcutta
The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University; CU) is a public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania, commonly referenced as Penn or UPenn, is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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University of Tokyo
The University of Tokyo (abbreviated as Tōdai (東大) in Japanese and UTokyo in English) is a public research university in Bunkyō, Tokyo, Japan.
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University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison (University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public land-grant research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
See Psychology and University of Wisconsin–Madison
Upanishads
The Upanishads (उपनिषद्) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.
Validity (logic)
In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false.
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Variable and attribute (research)
In science and research, an attribute is a quality of an object (person, thing, etc.).Earl R. Babbie, The Practice of Social Research, 12th edition, Wadsworth Publishing, 2009,, p. 14-18 Attributes are closely related to variables.
See Psychology and Variable and attribute (research)
Vedic period
The Vedic period, or the Vedic age, is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain BCE.
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Viktor Frankl
Viktor Emil Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997) was an Austrian neurologist, psychologist, philosopher, and Holocaust survivor, who founded logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy that describes a search for a life's meaning as the central human motivational force.
See Psychology and Viktor Frankl
Volk
The German noun Volk translates to people, both uncountable in the sense of people as in a crowd, and countable (plural Völker) in the sense of a people as in an ethnic group or nation (compare the English term folk).
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
See Psychology and W. W. Norton & Company
Walter Dill Scott
Walter Dill Scott (May 1, 1869 – September 24, 1955) was an American psychologist and academic administrator who was one of the first applied psychologists and the 10th president of Northwestern University.
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Wayne C. Booth
Wayne Clayson Booth (February 22, 1921, in American Fork, Utah – October 10, 2005, in Chicago, Illinois) was an American literary critic and rhetorician.
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Weber–Fechner law
The Weber–Fechner laws are two related scientific laws in the field of psychophysics, known as Weber's law and Fechner's law.
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Well-being
Well-being, or wellbeing, also known as wellness, prudential value, prosperity or quality of life, is what is intrinsically valuable relative to someone.
Whole genome sequencing
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the process of determining the entirety, or nearly the entirety, of the DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time.
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Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology.
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Will (philosophy)
Will, within philosophy, is a faculty of the mind.
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Will to power
The will to power (der Wille zur Macht) is a concept in the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche.
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William James
William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States.
See Psychology and William James
Wolfgang Köhler
Wolfgang Köhler (21 January 1887 – 11 June 1967) was a German psychologist and phenomenologist who, like Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka, contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology.
See Psychology and Wolfgang Köhler
Womb envy
In psychology, womb envy denotes the envy that men may feel of the biological functions of the female (pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding).
Women's rights
Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide.
See Psychology and Women's rights
Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
The Woodworth Personal Data Sheet, sometimes known as the Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory, was a personality test, commonly cited as the first personality test, developed by Robert S. Woodworth during World War I for the United States Army.
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Work accident
A work accident, workplace accident, occupational accident, or accident at work is a "discrete occurrence in the course of work" leading to physical or mental occupational injury.
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Workplace violence
Workplace violence, violence in the workplace, or occupational violence refers to violence, usually in the form of physical abuse or threat, that creates a risk to the health and safety of an employee or multiple employees.
See Psychology and Workplace violence
Yūjirō Motora
Yūjirō Motora (December 5, 1858 – December 13, 1912 元良勇次郎とは - コトバンク), sometimes also known as Yuzero Motora, was a Japanese experimental psychologist.
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Yin and yang
Yin and yang, also yinyang or yin-yang, is a concept that originated in Chinese philosophy, describing an opposite but interconnected, self-perpetuating cycle.
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Yoga
Yoga (lit) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consciousness untouched by the mind (Chitta) and mundane suffering (Duḥkha).
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University (ZJU) is a public university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Zing-Yang Kuo
Kuo Zing-yang (or Z. Y. Kuo;; 1898–1970), was a Chinese experimental and physiological psychologist.
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16PF Questionnaire
The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a self-reported personality test developed over several decades of empirical research by Raymond B. Cattell, Maurice Tatsuoka and Herbert Eber.
See Psychology and 16PF Questionnaire
See also
Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Acceptance and commitment therapy
- Aggression replacement training
- Association for Contextual Behavioral Science
- Audio therapy
- Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy
- Behavioral activation
- Brief psychotherapy
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
- Cognitive behavioral training
- Cognitive behavioral treatment of eating disorders
- Cognitive emotional behavioral therapy
- Cognitive processing therapy
- Compassion-focused therapy
- Coping Cat
- Experiential avoidance
- Exposure hierarchy
- Exposure therapy
- FRIENDS program
- Falling-out
- Functional analytic psychotherapy
- Homework in psychotherapy
- Improving Access to Psychological Therapies
- Interoceptive exposure
- Interpersonal Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Licensed behavior analyst
- List of cognitive–behavioral therapies
- Metacognitive training
- Method of factors
- Method of levels
- Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
- Mode deactivation therapy
- Multiple impact therapy
- Neurological reparative therapy
- Normopathy
- Professional practice of behavior analysis
- Prolonged exposure therapy
- Psychology
- Rational behavior therapy
- Rational emotive behavior therapy
- Rational living therapy
- Schema therapy
- Self-as-context
- Sequent repatterning therapy for misophonia
- Sleepio
- Social cognition and interaction training
- Trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
References
Also known as Animal experimentation in psychology, Animal research in psychology, Animal studies in psychology, Animals in psychological experiments, Applications of psychology, Computer simulations in psychology, Criticism of psychology, Ethical issues in psychology, Ethics in psychology, Ethics of psychology, Genes and psychology, Human Psychology, Military applications of psychology, Phsycology, Physcology, Professional psychology, Pscychology, Psychecology, Psychogenics, Psychologic, Psychological, Psychological Sciences, Psychological terms, Psychological theories, Psychological theory, Psychologically, Psychology/rewrite, Psycology, Pyhscology, Research methods in psychology, Transnational Psychology, WEIRD, WEIRD bias, WEIRD problem, Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic.
, Behaviour therapy, Behavioural sciences, Belmont Report, Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute, Bernard Weiner, Bertram S. Brown, Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Bias, Big Five personality traits, Biopsychosocial model, Bipolar disorder, Bodywork (alternative medicine), Bolsheviks, Brainwashing, Breathwork (New Age), British Raj, Brown v. Board of Education, Buck v. Bell, Buddhism, Cai Yuanpei, California Psychological Inventory, Cambridge University Press, Cardiovascular disease, Carl Jung, Carl Linnaeus, Carl Rogers, Carl Wernicke, Carolyn Attneave, Case study, Causality, Center for Open Science, Central Intelligence Agency, Charles Samuel Myers, Charles Sanders Peirce, Charles Scott Sherrington, Chemistry, Child psychoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Communist Party, Chinese Psychological Society, Christian Wolff (philosopher), Clark L. Hull, Clark Wissler, Classical conditioning, Clinical neuropsychology, Clinical psychology, Clive Wearing, Cognition, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive bias, Cognitive map, Cognitive neuroscience, Cognitive revolution, Cognitive science, Cognitivism (psychology), College Board, Columbia University, Community mental health service, Comparative psychology, Computational neuroscience, Conformity, Confucius, Connectionism, Conscientiousness, Consciousness, Construct (psychology), Cordwainer Smith, Cornell University, Correlation, Counseling psychology, Crisis intervention, Croatia, Croatian Latin literature, Cross-sectional study, Cybernetics, Daniel Wegner, Data dredging, Death drive, Declaration of Helsinki, Defence mechanism, Delta wave, Dependent and independent variables, Depression (mood), Depth psychology, Derek Russell Davis, Descartes' Error, Determinism, Developmental psychology, Differential psychology, Discrimination, Donald O. 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