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Psychological warfare

Index Psychological warfare

Psychological warfare (PSYWAR), or the basic aspects of modern psychological operations (PsyOp), has been known by many other names or terms, including Military Information Support Operations (MISO), Psy Ops, political warfare, "Hearts and Minds", and propaganda. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 271 relations: Able Archer 83, Abu Ali Express, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Achaemenid Empire, Active measures, Adolf Hitler, Afghanistan, Afghans, Airborne leaflet propaganda, Alcaicería of Granada, Alexander the Great, Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Alyattes, Ancient Egypt, Appeasement, Arab Revolt, Arthur Conan Doyle, Aspidistra (transmitter), Asymmetric warfare, Attack on Marstrand, Austria-Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Army, Balatarin, Battle of Manila (1574), Battle of Pelusium, Battle of Vittorio Veneto, Behavior, Belief, Bias of Priene, Black operation, Black propaganda, Boaz Ganor, Brainwashing, Briggs Plan, British Armed Forces, British Empire, Bundeswehr, Byzantine Empire, Calais, Cannon fodder, Carcassonne, Central Intelligence Agency, Central Powers, Character assassination, Charles Douglas Jackson, Charles Masterman, Chieu Hoi, China, Civil society, Cognitive dissonance, ... Expand index (221 more) »

  2. Mind control
  3. Psychological warfare techniques
  4. Warfare of the late modern period

Able Archer 83

Able Archer 83 was a military exercise conducted by NATO that took place in November 1983.

See Psychological warfare and Able Archer 83

Abu Ali Express

Abu Ali Express (In Hebrew אבו עלי אקספרס) is an Israeli channel that covers Arab affairs on social media, including Telegram and Twitter, as well as on its own website.

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Abu Musab al-Zarqawi

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ ٱلزَّرْقَاوِيُّ,, Father of Musab, from Zarqa;; October 30, 1966 – June 7, 2006), born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh (أَحْمَدُ فَضِيلِ ٱلنَّزَالِ ٱلْخَلَايْلَةَ), was a Jordanian jihadist who ran a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan.

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Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.

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Active measures

Active measures (translit) is a term used to describe political warfare conducted by the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Psychological warfare and Active measures are psychological warfare techniques.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

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Afghans

Afghans (افغان‌ها) also Afghanistanis (افغانستانی‌ها), (افغانان) or Afghan people are nationals or citizens of Afghanistan, or people with ancestry from there.

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Airborne leaflet propaganda

Airborne leaflet dropping is where leaflets (flyers) are scattered in the air. Psychological warfare and Airborne leaflet propaganda are psychological warfare techniques.

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Alcaicería of Granada

The Alcaicería is a market street in the historic heart of the city of Granada, Spain.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

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Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe

Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (15 July 1865 – 14 August 1922), was a British newspaper and publishing magnate.

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Alyattes

Alyattes (Lydian language: 𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤𐤯𐤤𐤮; Ἀλυάττης; reigned c. 635-585 BC), sometimes described as Alyattes I, was the fourth king of the Mermnad dynasty in Lydia, the son of Sadyattes, grandson of Ardys, and great-grandson of Gyges.

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Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.

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Appeasement

Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic negotiation policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power with intention to avoid conflict.

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Arab Revolt

The Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية), also known as the Great Arab Revolt, was an armed uprising by the Hashemite-led Arabs of the Hejaz against the Ottoman Empire amidst the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On the basis of the McMahon–Hussein Correspondence, exchanged between Henry McMahon of the United Kingdom and Hussein bin Ali of the Kingdom of Hejaz, the rebellion against the ruling Turks was officially initiated at Mecca on 10 June 1916.

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Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician.

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Aspidistra (transmitter)

Aspidistra was a British medium-wave radio transmitter used for black propaganda and military deception purposes against Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Asymmetric warfare

Asymmetric warfare (or asymmetric engagement) is a type of war between belligerents whose relative military power, strategy or tactics differ significantly. Psychological warfare and asymmetric warfare are warfare by type.

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Attack on Marstrand

The Attack on Marstrand was a successful Dano-Norwegian siege of the Swedish town of Marstrand and Carlsten fortress which took place between July 10 and July 16, 1719 during the end of the Great Northern War.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

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Austro-Hungarian Army

The Austro-Hungarian Army, also known as the Imperial and Royal Army,lit; lit was the principal ground force of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918.

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Balatarin

Balatarin (Persian: بالاترین, lit., highest) is a Persian language social and political link-sharing website aimed primarily at Iranian audiences.

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Battle of Manila (1574)

The Battle of Manila (1574) (Batalla de Manila en el 1574; Filipino: Labanan sa Maynila ng 1574) was a battle in the Manila area mainly in the location of what is now Parañaque, between Chinese and Japanese pirates, led by Limahong, and the Spanish colonial forces and their native allies.

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Battle of Pelusium

The Battle of Pelusium was the first major battle between the Achaemenid Empire and Egypt.

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Battle of Vittorio Veneto

The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought from 24 October to 3 November 1918 (with an armistice taking effect 24 hours later) near Vittorio Veneto on the Italian Front during World War I. After having thoroughly defeated Austro-Hungarian troops during the defensive Battle of the Piave River, the Italian army launched a great counter-offensive: the Italian victory marked the end of the war on the Italian Front, secured the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and contributed to the end of the First World War just one week later.

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Behavior

Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.

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Belief

A belief is a subjective attitude that a proposition is true or a state of affairs is the case.

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Bias of Priene

Bias (Greek: Βίας ὁ Πριηνεύς; fl. 6th century BC) of Priene was a Greek sage.

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Black operation

A black operation or black ops is a covert or clandestine operation by a government agency, a military unit or a paramilitary organization; it can include activities by private companies or groups.

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Black propaganda

Black propaganda is a form of propaganda intended to create the impression that it was created by those it is supposed to discredit.

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Boaz Ganor

Boaz Ganor (בועז גנור) is the former dean of the Lauder School of Government and Diplomacy at the Interdisciplinary Center and the current President of Reichman University.

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Brainwashing

Brainwashing, also known as mind control, menticide, coercive persuasion, thought control, thought reform, and forced re-education, is the controversial theory that purports that the human mind can be altered or controlled against a person's will by manipulative psychological techniques. Psychological warfare and Brainwashing are mind control.

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Briggs Plan

The Briggs Plan (Rancangan Briggs) was a military plan devised by British General Sir Harold Briggs shortly after his appointment in 1950 as Director of Operations during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960).

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British Armed Forces

The British Armed Forces are the military forces responsible for the defence of the United Kingdom, its Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bundeswehr

The Bundeswehr (literally Federal Defence) is the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

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Calais

Calais (traditionally) is a port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture.

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Cannon fodder

Cannon fodder is an informal, derogatory term for combatants who are regarded or treated by government or military command as expendable in the face of enemy fire.

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Carcassonne

Carcassonne is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, region of Occitania.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

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Character assassination

Character assassination (CA) is a deliberate and sustained effort to damage the reputation or credibility of an individual. Psychological warfare and Character assassination are Aggression.

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Charles Douglas Jackson

Charles Douglas (C. D.) Jackson (March 16, 1902 – September 18, 1964) was a United States government psychological warfare advisor and senior executive of Time Inc.

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Charles Masterman

Charles Frederick Gurney Masterman PC MP (24 October 1873 – 17 November 1927) was a British radical Liberal Party politician, intellectual and man of letters.

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Chieu Hoi

The Chiêu Hồi program ((also spelled "chu hoi" or "chu-hoi" in English) loosely translated as "Open Arms") was an initiative by the United States and South Vietnam to encourage defection by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Viet Cong (VC) and their supporters to the side of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Civil society

Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere.

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Cognitive dissonance

In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is described as the mental disturbance people feel when their cognitions and actions are inconsistent or contradictory.

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Committee on Alleged German Outrages

The Committee on Alleged German Outrages, often called the Bryce Report after its chair, Viscount James Bryce (1838–1922), is best known for producing the "Report of the Committee on Alleged German Outrages," published on 12 May 1915.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Confession (law)

In the law of criminal evidence, a confession is a statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person.

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Contras

The Contras (from lit) were the various U.S.-backed-and-funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to 1990 in opposition to the Marxist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction Government in Nicaragua, which had come to power in 1979 following the Nicaraguan Revolution.

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Cordwainer Smith

Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger (July 11, 1913 – August 6, 1966), better known by his pen-name Cordwainer Smith, was an American author known for his science fiction works.

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Counterpropaganda

Counterpropaganda is a form of communication consisting of methods taken and messages relayed to oppose propaganda which seeks to influence action or perspectives among a targeted audience.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

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Cultural assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's majority group or assimilates the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group whether fully or partially.

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D-Day naval deceptions

Operations Taxable, Glimmer and Big Drum were tactical military deceptions conducted on 6 June 1944 in support of the Allied landings in Normandy.

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David Lloyd George

David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922.

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Democracy Now!

Democracy Now! is an hour-long TV, radio, and Internet news program based in Manhattan and hosted by journalists Amy Goodman (who also acts as the show's executive producer), Juan González, and Nermeen Shaikh.

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Demonizing the enemy

Demonizing the enemy, demonization of the enemy or dehumanization of the enemy is a propaganda technique which promotes an idea about the enemy being a threatening, evil aggressor with only destructive objectives.

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Demoralization (warfare)

Demoralization is, in a context of warfare, national security, and law enforcement, a process in psychological warfare with the objective to erode morale among enemy combatants and/or noncombatants.

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Desertion

Desertion is the abandonment of a military duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning.

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Diplomatic service

Diplomatic service is the body of diplomats and foreign policy officers maintained by the government of a country to communicate with the governments of other countries.

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Directed-energy weapon

A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile, including lasers, microwaves, particle beams, and sound beams.

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Directorate of Operations (CIA)

The Directorate of Operations (DO), less formally called the Clandestine Service,Central Intelligence Agency,, Retrieved: July 9, 2015.

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Disinformation

Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people. Psychological warfare and Disinformation are psychological warfare techniques.

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Double agent

In the field of counterintelligence, a double agent is an employee of a secret intelligence service for one country, whose primary purpose is to spy on a target organization of another country, but who is now spying on their own country's organization for the target organization.

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Double-Cross System

The Double-Cross System or XX System was a World War II counter-espionage and deception operation of the British Security Service (MI5).

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Dudley Clarke

Brigadier Dudley Wrangel Clarke, (–) was an officer in the British Army, known as a pioneer of military deception operations during the Second World War.

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Eastern Zhou

The Eastern Zhou (Chinese: 东周; pinyin: Dōngzhōu; Wade–Giles: Tung1 Chou1; c. 771 – 256 BC) is a period in Chinese history comprising the latter half of the Zhou dynasty following the Zhou capital's relocation eastward to Chengzhou, near present-day Luoyang.

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Emirate of Granada

The Emirate of Granada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, was an Islamic polity in the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Late Middle Ages, ruled by the Nasrid dynasty.

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Emotion

Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.

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Empty Fort Strategy

The Empty Fort Strategy involves using reverse psychology to deceive the enemy into thinking that an empty location is full of traps and ambushes, and therefore induce the enemy to retreat.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Faber & Faber

Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London.

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Facebook

Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.

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Fall Grün (Czechoslovakia)

Case Green was a pre-World War II plan for the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany.

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False flag

A false flag operation is an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party. Psychological warfare and false flag are psychological warfare techniques.

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Fearmongering

Fearmongering, or scaremongering, is a form of manipulation that causes fear by using exaggerated rumors of impending danger. Psychological warfare and Fearmongering are Crowd psychology.

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Field army

A field army (also known as numbered army or simply army) is a military formation in many armed forces, composed of two or more corps.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Ford Madox Ford

Ford Madox Ford (né Joseph Leopold Ford Hermann Madox Hueffer; 17 December 1873 – 26 June 1939) was an English novelist, poet, critic and editor whose journals The English Review and The Transatlantic Review were important in the development of early 20th-century English and American literature.

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Fourteen Points

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.

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Fourth-generation warfare

Fourth-generation warfare (4GW) is conflict characterized by a blurring of the distinction between war and politics, and of the distinction between combatants and civilians. Psychological warfare and Fourth-generation warfare are warfare by type.

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French Armed Forces

The French Armed Forces (Forces armées françaises) are the military forces of France.

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G. K. Chesterton

Gilbert Keith Chesterton (29 May 1874 – 14 June 1936) was an English author, philosopher, Christian apologist, and literary and art critic.

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GCHQ

Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) is an intelligence and security organisation responsible for providing signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance (IA) to the government and armed forces of the United Kingdom. Primarily based at "The Doughnut" in the suburbs of Cheltenham, GCHQ is the responsibility of the country's Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (Foreign Secretary), but it is not a part of the Foreign Office and its Director ranks as a Permanent Secretary.

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General officer

A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Glenn Greenwald

Glenn Edward Greenwald (born March 6, 1967) is an American journalist, author, and former lawyer.

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Government

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.

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Granada War

The Granada War (Guerra de Granada) was a series of military campaigns between 1482 and 1492 during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, against the Nasrid dynasty's Emirate of Granada.

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Gulf War

The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.

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H. G. Wells

Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English writer.

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Haaretz

Haaretz (originally Ḥadshot Haaretz –) is an Israeli newspaper.

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Hanoi Hannah

Trịnh Thị Ngọ (1931 – 30 September 2016), also known as Thu Hương and Hanoi Hannah, was a Vietnamese radio personality best known for her work during the Vietnam War, when she made English-language broadcasts for North Vietnam directed at United States troops.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Individual

An individual is one that exists as a distinct entity.

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Infidel

An infidel (literally "unfaithful") is a person who is accused of disbelief in the central tenets of one's own religion, such as members of another religion, or irreligious people.

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Information Operations Roadmap

The Information Operations Roadmap is a document commissioned by the Pentagon in 2003 and declassified in January 2006.

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Information Research Department

The Information Research Department (IRD) was a secret Cold War propaganda department of the British Foreign Office, created to publish anti-communist propaganda, including black propaganda, provide support and information to anti-communist politicians, academics, and writers, and to use weaponised information, but also disinformation and "fake news", to attack not only its original targets but also certain socialists and anti-colonial movements.

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Information warfare

Information warfare (IW) is the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent. Psychological warfare and information warfare are information operations and warfare and psychological warfare techniques.

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Instagram

Instagram is a photo and video sharing social networking service owned by Meta Platforms.

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International Affairs (journal)

International Affairs is a 100-year-old peer-reviewed academic journal of international relations.

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Internet Research Agency

The Internet Research Agency (IRA; translit), also known as Glavset (Главсеть), and known in Russian Internet slang as the Trolls from Olgino (ольгинские тролли) or Kremlinbots (кремлеботы), was a Russian company which was engaged in online propaganda and influence operations on behalf of Russian business and political interests.

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Iraq War

The Iraq War, sometimes called the Second Persian Gulf War, or Second Gulf War was a protracted armed conflict in Iraq from 2003 to 2011. It began with the invasion of Iraq by the United States-led coalition that overthrew the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the coalition forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government.

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Iraqi Ground Forces

The Iraqi Ground Forces (Arabic: القوات البرية العراقية), also referred to as the Iraqi Army (Arabic: الجيش العراقي), is the ground force component of the Iraqi Armed Forces.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym, is the national military of the State of Israel.

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Jacques Ellul

Jacques Ellul (January 6, 1912 – May 19, 1994) was a French philosopher, sociologist, lay theologian, and professor.

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Jean-Jacques Waltz

Jean-Jacques Waltz (23 February 1873, Colmar – 10 June 1951), also known as "Oncle Hansi", or simply "Hansi" ("little John") was a French artist of Alsatian origin.

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Jihad

Jihad (jihād) is an Arabic word which literally means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is the body of the most senior uniformed leaders within the United States Department of Defense, which advises the president of the United States, the secretary of defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters.

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Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group

The Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG) is a unit of the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), the British intelligence agency.

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Joseph Goebbels

Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and philologist who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945.

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Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma

Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma is a peer-reviewed academic journal that is published ten times per year and covers relevant topic areas and also publishes thematic issues featuring guest editors.

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Journal of Global Security Studies

The Journal of Global Security Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal which aims to publish first-rate work addressing the variety of methodological, epistemological, theoretical, normative, and empirical concerns reflected in the field of global security studies, encouraging dialogue, engagement, and conversation between different parts of the field.

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Juan de Salcedo

Juan de Salcedo (1549 – 11 March, 1576) was a Spanish conquistador.

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Lady Carcas

The legend of Lady Carcas (Dame Carcas) is an etiological story about the origin of Carcassonne's name.

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Lawfare

Lawfare is the use of legal systems and institutions to damage or delegitimize an opponent, or to deter an individual's usage of their legal rights.

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Le Courrier de l'Air

Le Courrier de l'Air was a French-language propaganda newspaper distributed as a leaflet during the First World War.

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London Controlling Section

The London Controlling Section (LCS) was a British secret department established in September 1941, under Oliver Stanley, with a mandate to coordinate Allied strategic military deception during World War II. Psychological warfare and London Controlling Section are information operations and warfare.

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Lord Haw-Haw

Lord Haw-Haw was a nickname applied to William Joyce and several other people who broadcast Nazi propaganda to the United Kingdom from Germany during the Second World War.

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Louis Raemaekers

Louis Raemaekers (April 6, 1869 – July 26, 1956) was a Dutch painter, caricaturist and editorial cartoonist for the Amsterdam newspaper De Telegraaf during World War I, noted for his anti-German stance.

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Lydia

Lydia (translit; Lȳdia) was an Iron Age historical region in western Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey.

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Manipulation (psychology)

In psychology, manipulation is defined as subterfuge designed to influence or control another, usually in an underhanded manner which facilitates one's personal aims.

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Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.

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Media manipulation

Media manipulation refers to orchestrated campaigns in which actors exploit the distinctive features of broadcasting mass communications or digital media platforms to mislead, misinform, or create a narrative that advance their interests and agendas.

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Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)

In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Messiah

In Abrahamic religions, a messiah or messias is a saviour or liberator of a group of people.

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Meta Platforms

Meta Platforms, Inc., doing business as Meta, and formerly named Facebook, Inc., and TheFacebook, Inc., is an American multinational technology conglomerate based in Menlo Park, California.

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MI5

MI5 (Military Intelligence, Section 5), officially the Security Service, is the United Kingdom's domestic counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), and Defence Intelligence (DI).

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MI6

The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence on foreign nationals in support of its Five Eyes partners.

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MI7

MI7 was a branch of the British War Office’s Directorate of Military Intelligence with responsibilities for press liaison and propaganda.

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Miami

Miami, officially the City of Miami, is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida.

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Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.

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Military deception

Military deception (MILDEC) is an attempt by a military unit to gain an advantage during warfare by misleading adversary decision makers into taking action or inaction that creates favorable conditions for the deceiving force. Psychological warfare and military deception are information operations and warfare.

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Military psychology

Military psychology is a specialization within psychology that applies psychological science to promote the readiness of military members, organizations, and operations.

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Military Psychology (journal)

Military Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of APA Division 19.

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Mind games

Mind games (also power games or head games) are actions performed for reasons of psychological one-upmanship, often employing passive–aggressive behavior to specifically demoralize or dis-empower the thinking subject, making the aggressor look superior. Psychological warfare and Mind games are mind control.

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Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Defence (MOD or MoD) is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Information (MOI), headed by the Minister of Information, was a United Kingdom government department created briefly at the end of the First World War and again during the Second World War.

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Minor sabotage

A minor sabotage (aka little sabotage or small sabotage; mały sabotaż) during World War II in Nazi-occupied Poland (1939–45) was any underground resistance operation that involved a disruptive but relatively minor and non-violent form of defiance, such as the painting of graffiti, the manufacture of fake documents, the disrupting of German propaganda campaigns, and the like.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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MOD Chicksands

Ministry of Defence Chicksands, or more simply MOD Chicksands, is a tri-service British Armed Forces facility in Bedfordshire, approximately north of London.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.

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Moral panic

A moral panic is a widespread feeling of fear that some evil person or thing threatens the values, interests, or well-being of a community or society. Psychological warfare and moral panic are Crowd psychology.

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Mortar (weapon)

A mortar today is usually a simple, lightweight, man-portable, muzzle-loaded cannon, consisting of a smooth-bore (although some models use a rifled barrel) metal tube fixed to a base plate (to spread out the recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount and a sight.

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Mosque

A mosque, also called a masjid, is a place of worship for Muslims.

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Motivation

Motivation is an internal state that propels individuals to engage in goal-directed behavior.

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Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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NBC News

NBC News is the news division of the American broadcast television network NBC.

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Newspaper

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest country in Central America, comprising.

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Nicholas II

Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.

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NLF and PAVN battle tactics

VC and PAVN battle tactics comprised a flexible mix of guerrilla and conventional warfare battle tactics used by Viet Cong (VC) and the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) to defeat their U.S. and South Vietnamese (GVN/ARVN) opponents during the Vietnam War.

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No man's land

No man's land is waste or unowned land or an uninhabited or desolate area that may be under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied out of fear or uncertainty.

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Noisy investigation

Noisy investigations are used by the Church of Scientology to intimidate, harass, and attack those they see as their enemies.

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North African campaign

The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers.

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Ntrepid

Ntrepid is an American software, hardware, and cyber security company, registered in Florida and based in Herndon, Virginia.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

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Odnoklassniki

Odnoklassniki (t), abbreviated as OK or OK.ru, is a social network service used mainly in Russia and former Soviet Republics.

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Office of Strategic Services

The Office of Strategic Services (OSS) was an intelligence agency of the United States during World War II.

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Operation Bodyguard

Operation Bodyguard was the code name for a World War II deception strategy employed by the Allied states before the 1944 invasion of northwest Europe.

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Operation Fortitude

Operation Fortitude was a military deception operation by the Allied nations as part of Operation Bodyguard, an overall deception strategy during the buildup to the 1944 Normandy landings.

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Operation Nifty Package

Operation Nifty Package was a United States Delta and Navy SEAL-operated plan conducted in 1989 designed to capture Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega.

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Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.

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Operation Titanic

Operation Titanic was a series of military deceptions carried out by the Allied Nations during the Second World War.

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Operation Wandering Soul

Operation Wandering Soul was a propaganda campaign and psychological warfare effort exercised by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War.

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Organization

An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution (formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose.

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Orwellian

Orwellian is an adjective describing a situation, idea, or societal condition that George Orwell identified as being destructive to the welfare of a free and open society.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Pamphlet

A pamphlet is an unbound book (that is, without a hard cover or binding).

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Panama

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America.

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Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (abbreviated; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German field marshal and statesman who led the Imperial German Army during World War I. He later became president of Germany from 1925 until his death.

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Peter Tordenskjold

Peter Jansen Wessel Tordenskiold (28 October 1690 – 12 November 1720), commonly referred to as Tordenskjold, was a Norwegian nobleman and flag officer who spent his career in the service of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy.

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Peter Watson (intellectual historian)

Peter Frank Patrick Watson (born 23 April 1943) is a British intellectual historian and former journalist, now perhaps best known for his work in the history of ideas.

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Phoenix Program

The Phoenix Program (Chiến dịch Phụng Hoàng) was designed and initially coordinated by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Vietnam War, involving the American, South Vietnamese militaries, and a small amount of Special forces operatives from the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam.

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Playing card

A playing card is a piece of specially prepared card stock, heavy paper, thin cardboard, plastic-coated paper, cotton-paper blend, or thin plastic that is marked with distinguishing motifs.

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Political warfare

Political warfare is the use of hostile political means to compel an opponent to do one's will. Psychological warfare and political warfare are information operations and warfare, psychological warfare techniques, warfare by type and warfare of the late modern period.

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Political Warfare Executive

During World War II, the Political Warfare Executive (PWE) was a British clandestine body created to produce and disseminate both white and black propaganda, with the aim of damaging enemy morale and sustaining the morale of countries occupied or allied with Nazi Germany.

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Polyaenus

Polyaenus or Polyenus (see ae (æ) vs. e; Polyainos, "much-praised") was a 2nd-century CE Greek author, known best for his Stratagems in War (Strategemata), which has been preserved.

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President of the United States

The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Propaganda

Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.

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Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes

Propaganda: The Formation of Men's Attitudes (1965/1973) (Propagandes; original French edition: 1962) is a book on the subject of propaganda by French philosopher, theologian, legal scholar, and sociologist Jacques Ellul.

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Psychological operations (United States)

Psychological operations (PSYOP) are operations to convey selected information and indicators to audiences to influence their motives and objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of governments, organizations, groups, and large foreign powers.

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Psychological Warfare Division

The Psychological Warfare Division of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (PWD/SHAEF or SHAEF/PWD) was a joint Anglo-American organization set-up in World War II tasked with conducting (predominantly) white tactical psychological warfare against German troops and recently liberated countries in Northwest Europe, during and after D-Day.

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Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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Qin dynasty

The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China.

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Radio

Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves.

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Radio y Televisión Martí

Radio Televisión Martí is an American state-run radio and television international broadcaster based in Miami, Florida, financed by the federal government of the United States through the U.S. Agency for Global Media (formerly Broadcasting Board of Governors, BBG).

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Rape of Belgium

The Rape of Belgium was a series of systematic war crimes, especially mass murder and deportation, by German troops against Belgian civilians during the invasion and occupation of Belgium during World War I.

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Reason

Reason is the capacity of applying logic consciously by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth.

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Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

The Reich Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (RMVP), also known simply as the Ministry of Propaganda, controlled the content of the press, literature, visual arts, film, theater, music and radio in Nazi Germany.

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Reverse psychology

Reverse psychology is a technique involving the assertion of a belief or behavior that is opposite to the one desired, with the expectation that this approach will encourage the subject of the persuasion to do what is actually desired.

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Robert Seton-Watson

Robert William Seton-Watson (20 August 1879, in London – 25 July 1951, in Skye), commonly referred to as R. W.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

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Rudyard Kipling

Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936)The Times, (London) 18 January 1936, p. 12.

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Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

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Russo-Ukrainian War

The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014.

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Sandinista National Liberation Front

The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a Christian socialist political party in Nicaragua.

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Sefton Delmer

Denis Sefton Delmer (24 May 1904 – 4 September 1979) was a British journalist of Australian heritage and propagandist for the British government during the Second World War.

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Shock and awe

Shock and awe (technically known as rapid dominance) is a military strategy based on the use of overwhelming power and spectacular displays of force to paralyze the enemy's perception of the battlefield and destroy their will to fight. Psychological warfare and Shock and awe are psychological warfare techniques and warfare of the late modern period.

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Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

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Social group

In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.

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Social media

Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks.

See Psychological warfare and Social media

South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.

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Special Activities Center

The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the United States Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert and paramilitary operations.

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Special forces

Special forces or special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations. Psychological warfare and special forces are warfare by type.

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Special operations

Special operations or special ops are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment." Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counterterrorism, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as special forces.

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Stanford Internet Observatory

The Stanford Internet Observatory (SIO) is a multidisciplinary program for the study of abuse in information technologies, with a focus on social media, established in 2019.

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Strategy of tension

A strategy of tension (strategia della tensione) is a political policy wherein violent struggle is encouraged rather than suppressed. Psychological warfare and strategy of tension are psychological warfare techniques.

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Submarine communications cable

A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the seabed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sun Tzu

Sun Tzu (p) was a Chinese military general, strategist, philosopher, and writer who lived during the Eastern Zhou period (771–256 BC).

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

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Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.

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Taipei Times

The Taipei Times is the last surviving English-language print newspaper in Taiwan.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Taliban propaganda

Since the 2001 fall of their national government in Afghanistan, Taliban propaganda has developed into a sophisticated public relations machine that is shaping perceptions in Afghanistan and abroad.

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Tehran Conference

The Tehran Conference (codenamed Eureka) was a strategy meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943.

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Telegram (software)

Telegram Messenger, commonly known as Telegram, is a cloud-based, encrypted, cross-platform, instant messaging (IM) service.

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Telegraphy

Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages where the sender uses symbolic codes, known to the recipient, rather than a physical exchange of an object bearing the message.

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Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. Psychological warfare and Terrorism are warfare by type.

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The Art of War

The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the late Spring and Autumn period (roughly 5th century BC).

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The Gospel of Afranius

The Gospel of Afranius is a 1995 counterapologetic polemic by Russian scientist and writer Kirill Eskov.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Shock Doctrine

The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism is a 2007 book by the Canadian author and social activist Naomi Klein.

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Thirty-Six Stratagems

The Thirty-Six Stratagems is a Chinese essay used to illustrate a series of stratagems used in politics, war, and civil interaction.

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Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet.

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Twitter

X, commonly referred to by its former name Twitter, is a social networking service.

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Umar

Umar ibn al-Khattab (ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644.

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Unconventional warfare

Unconventional warfare (UW) is broadly defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than conventional warfare" and may use covert forces or actions such as subversion, diversion, sabotage, espionage, biowarfare, sanctions, propaganda or guerrilla warfare. Psychological warfare and Unconventional warfare are warfare by type.

See Psychological warfare and Unconventional warfare

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See Psychological warfare and United States

United States Air Force

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States.

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United States Armed Forces

The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combined arms, implementing its own infantry, artillery, aerial, and special operations forces.

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University of Washington

The University of Washington (UW and informally U-Dub or U Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington, United States.

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USA Today

USA Today (often stylized in all caps) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company.

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Value (ethics and social sciences)

In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics in ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions.

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Viet Cong

The Viet Cong was an epithet and umbrella term to call the communist-driven armed movement and united front organization in South Vietnam.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

See Psychological warfare and Vietnam War

VK (service)

VK (short for its original name VKontakte; ВКонтакте, meaning InContact) is a Russian online social media and social networking service based in Saint Petersburg.

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Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

See Psychological warfare and Vladimir Lenin

Wars of Alexander the Great

The wars of Alexander the Great (Greek: Πόλεμοι τουΜεγάλουΑλεξάνδρου) were a series of conquests that were carried out by Alexander III of Macedon from 336 BC to 323 BC.

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Wellington House

Wellington House is the more common name for Britain's War Propaganda Bureau, which operated during the First World War from Wellington House, a building on Buckingham Gate, London, which was the headquarters of the National Insurance Commission before the War.

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Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was one of the main theatres of war during the First World War.

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White propaganda

White propaganda is propaganda that does not hide its origin or nature.

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Wickham Steed

Henry Wickham Steed (10 October 1871 – 13 January 1956) was an English journalist and historian.

See Psychological warfare and Wickham Steed

Wilhelm II

Wilhelm II (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 18594 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 300-year rule of Prussia.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and 1951 to 1955.

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Woodrow Wilson

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.

See Psychological warfare and Woodrow Wilson

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Psychological warfare and World War II

YouTube

YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.

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Zersetzung

Zersetzung (German for "decomposition" and "disruption") was a psychological warfare technique used by the Ministry for State Security (Stasi) to repress political opponents in East Germany during the 1970s and 1980s. Psychological warfare and Zersetzung are mind control.

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193rd Special Operations Wing

The 193rd Special Operations Wing is a unit of the Pennsylvania Air National Guard, stationed at Harrisburg Air National Guard Base, Middletown, Pennsylvania.

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2022 FIFA World Cup

The 2022 FIFA World Cup was the 22nd FIFA World Cup, the world championship for national football teams organized by FIFA.

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50 Cent Party

The 50 Cent Party, also known as the 50 Cent Army or (from l), are Internet commentators who are paid by the authorities of the People's Republic of China to spread the propaganda of the governing Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

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77th Brigade (United Kingdom)

The 77th Brigade is a British Army formation, created in January 2015 by renaming the Security Assistance Group which was created under the Army 2020 concept; A previous 77th Brigade served in World War I. The present brigade's broad purpose is to conduct psychological operations.

See Psychological warfare and 77th Brigade (United Kingdom)

See also

Mind control

Psychological warfare techniques

Warfare of the late modern period

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_warfare

Also known as Cognitive warfare, PSYOP, PSYOPS, PSYWAR, Psy ops, Psy-Ops, Psych ops, Psych-op, Psycho-tactic unit, Psychological Operations, Psychological operation, Psychological war, Psychological warfare during World War II, Psychological weapon.

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