Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. ^[1]

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Table of Contents

1. 329 relations: Ablation, Acetylcholine, Actin, Adenosine triphosphate, Adipose tissue, Aerobic exercise, Ageing, American lobster, Anabolic steroid, Anaerobic exercise, Anatomical terms of muscle, Animal embryonic development, Architectural gear ratio, Artificial muscle, Association football, Autonomic nervous system, Axon, Basal ganglia, Base pair, Basement membrane, Biceps, Biopsy, Bone, Brain, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Brainstem, Cachexia, Calcineurin, Calcium buffering, Calcium in biology, Calcium signaling, Calcium sparks, Calcium-binding protein, Calmodulin, Calsequestrin, CAMK, Cancer, Capillary, Carbohydrate, Cardiac muscle, Cardiac physiology, Cell (biology), Cell fusion, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Cell–cell fusogens, Cellular differentiation, Cellular respiration, Cerebellum, Cerebral cortex, ... Expand index (279 more) » « Shrink index

2. Muscle tissue
3. Somatic motor system

Ablation

Ablation (ablatio – removal) is the removal or destruction of something from an object by vaporization, chipping, erosive processes, or by other means.

See Skeletal muscle and Ablation

Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter.

See Skeletal muscle and Acetylcholine

Actin

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils.

See Skeletal muscle and Actin

Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.

See Skeletal muscle and Adenosine triphosphate

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.

See Skeletal muscle and Adipose tissue

Aerobic exercise

Aerobic exercise, also known as cardio, is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process.

See Skeletal muscle and Aerobic exercise

Ageing

Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming older.

See Skeletal muscle and Ageing

American lobster

The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is a species of lobster found on the Atlantic coast of North America, chiefly from Labrador to New Jersey.

See Skeletal muscle and American lobster

Anabolic steroid

Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are a class of drugs that are structurally related to testosterone, the main male sex hormone, and produce effects by binding to the androgen receptor (AR).

See Skeletal muscle and Anabolic steroid

Anaerobic exercise

Anaerobic exercise is a type of exercise that breaks down glucose in the body without using oxygen; anaerobic means "without oxygen".

See Skeletal muscle and Anaerobic exercise

Anatomical terms of muscle

Anatomical terminology is used to uniquely describe aspects of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle such as their actions, structure, size, and location. Skeletal muscle and Anatomical terms of muscle are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Anatomical terms of muscle

Animal embryonic development

In developmental biology, animal embryonic development, also known as animal embryogenesis, is the developmental stage of an animal embryo.

See Skeletal muscle and Animal embryonic development

Architectural gear ratio

Architectural gear ratio, also called anatomical gear ratio (AGR) is a feature of pennate muscle defined by the ratio between the longitudinal strain of the muscle and muscle fiber strain. Skeletal muscle and Architectural gear ratio are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Architectural gear ratio

Artificial muscle

Artificial muscles, also known as muscle-like actuators, are materials or devices that mimic natural muscle and can change their stiffness, reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus (such as voltage, current, pressure or temperature).

See Skeletal muscle and Artificial muscle

Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.

See Skeletal muscle and Association football

Autonomic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands.

See Skeletal muscle and Autonomic nervous system

Axon

An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body.

See Skeletal muscle and Axon

Basal ganglia

The basal ganglia (BG) or basal nuclei are a group of subcortical nuclei found in the brains of vertebrates.

See Skeletal muscle and Basal ganglia

Base pair

A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

See Skeletal muscle and Base pair

Basement membrane

The basement membrane, also known as base membrane, is a thin, pliable sheet-like type of extracellular matrix that provides cell and tissue support and acts as a platform for complex signalling.

See Skeletal muscle and Basement membrane

Biceps

The biceps or biceps brachii (musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") are a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow.

See Skeletal muscle and Biceps

Biopsy

A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, an interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist.

See Skeletal muscle and Biopsy

Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Bone

Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Brain

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin, is a protein found in the and the periphery.

See Skeletal muscle and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Brainstem

The brainstem (or brain stem) is the stalk-like part of the brain that connects the forebrain (the cerebrum and diencephalon) with the spinal cord.

See Skeletal muscle and Brainstem

Cachexia

Cachexia is a complex syndrome associated with an underlying illness, causing ongoing muscle loss that is not entirely reversed with nutritional supplementation.

See Skeletal muscle and Cachexia

Calcineurin

Calcineurin (CaN) is a calcium and calmodulin dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase (also known as protein phosphatase 3, and calcium-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase).

See Skeletal muscle and Calcineurin

Calcium buffering

Calcium buffering describes the processes which help stabilise the concentration of free calcium ions within cells, in a similar manner to how pH buffers maintain a stable concentration of hydrogen ions.

See Skeletal muscle and Calcium buffering

Calcium in biology

Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Calcium in biology

Calcium signaling

Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction.

See Skeletal muscle and Calcium signaling

Calcium sparks

A calcium spark is the microscopic release of calcium (Ca2+) from a store known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), located within muscle cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Calcium sparks

Calcium-binding protein

Calcium-binding proteins are proteins that participate in calcium cell signaling pathways by binding to Ca2+, the calcium ion that plays an important role in many cellular processes.

See Skeletal muscle and Calcium-binding protein

Calmodulin

Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Calmodulin

Calsequestrin

Calsequestrin is a calcium-binding protein that acts as a calcium buffer within the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

See Skeletal muscle and Calsequestrin

CAMK

CAMK, also written as CaMK or CCaMK, is an abbreviation for the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase class of enzymes.

See Skeletal muscle and CAMK

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

See Skeletal muscle and Cancer

Capillary

A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system.

See Skeletal muscle and Capillary

Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with, H has a covalent bond with C but not with O).

See Skeletal muscle and Carbohydrate

Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardium) is one of three types of vertebrate muscle tissues, with the other two being skeletal muscle and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle and Cardiac muscle are muscle tissue and muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Cardiac muscle

Cardiac physiology

Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

See Skeletal muscle and Cardiac physiology

Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

See Skeletal muscle and Cell (biology)

Cell fusion

Cell fusion is an important cellular process in which several uninucleate cells (cells with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinucleate cell, known as a syncytium.

See Skeletal muscle and Cell fusion

Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

See Skeletal muscle and Cell membrane

Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Cell nucleus

Cell–cell fusogens

Cell–cell fusogens are glycoproteins that facilitate the fusion of cell to cell membranes.

See Skeletal muscle and Cell–cell fusogens

Cellular differentiation

Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.

See Skeletal muscle and Cellular differentiation

Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy.

See Skeletal muscle and Cellular respiration

Cerebellum

The cerebellum (cerebella or cerebellums; Latin for "little brain") is a major feature of the hindbrain of all vertebrates.

See Skeletal muscle and Cerebellum

Cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.

See Skeletal muscle and Cerebral cortex

Chimpanzee

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa.

See Skeletal muscle and Chimpanzee

Chromatin

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Chromatin

Citric acid cycle

The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

See Skeletal muscle and Citric acid cycle

Cognition

Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

See Skeletal muscle and Cognition

Connective tissue

Connective tissue is one of the four primary types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

See Skeletal muscle and Connective tissue

Costamere

The costamere is a structural-functional component of striated muscle cells which connects the sarcomere of the muscle to the cell membrane (i.e. the sarcolemma).

See Skeletal muscle and Costamere

CpG site

The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.

See Skeletal muscle and CpG site

Creatine kinase

Creatine kinase (CK), also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, is an enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types.

See Skeletal muscle and Creatine kinase

Cross education

Cross education is a neurophysiological phenomenon where an increase in strength is witnessed within an untrained limb following unilateral strength training in the opposite, contralateral limb.

See Skeletal muscle and Cross education

Cycling

Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the activity of riding a bicycle or other type of cycle.

See Skeletal muscle and Cycling

Cytokine

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.

See Skeletal muscle and Cytokine

Deep fascia

Deep fascia (or investing fascia) is a fascia, a layer of dense connective tissue that can surround individual muscles and groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments.

See Skeletal muscle and Deep fascia

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the pain and stiffness felt in muscles after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise.

See Skeletal muscle and Delayed onset muscle soreness

Depolarization

In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside.

See Skeletal muscle and Depolarization

Directed differentiation

Directed differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering.

See Skeletal muscle and Directed differentiation

Disease

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.

See Skeletal muscle and Disease

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Skeletal muscle and DNA

DNA demethylation

For molecular biology in mammals, DNA demethylation causes replacement of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in a DNA sequence by cytosine (C) (see figure of 5mC and C).

See Skeletal muscle and DNA demethylation

DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

See Skeletal muscle and DNA methylation

Efferent nerve fiber

Efferent nerve fibers are the axons of efferent neurons that exit a particular region.

See Skeletal muscle and Efferent nerve fiber

Elastography

Elastography is any of a class of medical imaging modalities that map the elastic properties and stiffness of soft tissue.

See Skeletal muscle and Elastography

Electrical muscle stimulation

Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or electromyostimulation, is the elicitation of muscle contraction using electric impulses.

See Skeletal muscle and Electrical muscle stimulation

Electroactive polymer

(a) Drawing of an EAP gripping device.(b) A voltage is applied and the EAP fingers deform in order to release the ball.(c) When the voltage is removed, the EAP fingers return to their original shape and grip the ball An electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that exhibits a change in size or shape when stimulated by an electric field.

See Skeletal muscle and Electroactive polymer

Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.

See Skeletal muscle and Electromyography

Embryo

An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.

See Skeletal muscle and Embryo

Endocrine system

The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs.

See Skeletal muscle and Endocrine system

Endomysium

The endomysium, meaning within the muscle, is a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual muscle fiber, or muscle cell. Skeletal muscle and endomysium are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Endomysium

Endothelium

The endothelium (endothelia) is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

See Skeletal muscle and Endothelium

Endurance training

Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance.

See Skeletal muscle and Endurance training

Energy

Energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.

See Skeletal muscle and Energy

Enhancer (genetics)

In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur.

See Skeletal muscle and Enhancer (genetics)

Epaxial and hypaxial muscles

In adult vertebrates, trunk muscles can be broadly divided into hypaxial muscles, which lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae and epaxial muscles, which lie dorsal to the septum. Skeletal muscle and epaxial and hypaxial muscles are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Epaxial and hypaxial muscles

Epigenetics

In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence.

See Skeletal muscle and Epigenetics

Epimysium

Epimysium (plural epimysia) (Greek epi- for on, upon, or above + Greek mys for muscle) is the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds muscle. Skeletal muscle and Epimysium are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Epimysium

Erector spinae muscles

The erector spinae or spinal erectors is a set of muscles that straighten and rotate the back.

See Skeletal muscle and Erector spinae muscles

Executive functions

In cognitive science and neuropsychology, executive functions (collectively referred to as executive function and cognitive control) are a set of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior: selecting and successfully monitoring behaviors that facilitate the attainment of chosen goals.

See Skeletal muscle and Executive functions

Exercise

Exercise is physical activity that enhances or maintains fitness and overall health.

See Skeletal muscle and Exercise

ExoCarta

ExoCarta is a manually curated database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids.

See Skeletal muscle and ExoCarta

Exponential decay

A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.

See Skeletal muscle and Exponential decay

Extraocular muscles

The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Extraocular muscles

Extrapyramidal system

In anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a part of the motor system network causing involuntary actions.

See Skeletal muscle and Extrapyramidal system

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a type of muscular dystrophy, a group of heritable diseases that cause degeneration of muscle and progressive weakness.

See Skeletal muscle and Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

Fascia

A fascia (fasciae or fascias; adjective fascial; from Latin: "band") is a generic term for macroscopic membranous bodily structures. Fasciae are classified as superficial, visceral or deep, and further designated according to their anatomical location. Skeletal muscle and fascia are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Fascia

Fascial compartment

A fascial compartment is a section within the body that contains muscles and nerves and is surrounded by deep fascia.

See Skeletal muscle and Fascial compartment

Fascial compartments of arm

The fascial compartments of arm refers to the specific anatomical term of the compartments within the upper segment of the upper limb (the arm) of the body.

See Skeletal muscle and Fascial compartments of arm

Fascial compartments of leg

The fascial compartments of the leg are the four fascial compartments that separate and contain the muscles of the lower leg (from the knee to the ankle).

See Skeletal muscle and Fascial compartments of leg

Fat

In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.

See Skeletal muscle and Fat

Fetus

A fetus or foetus (fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring that develops from a mammal embryo.

See Skeletal muscle and Fetus

Fibroblast growth factor 21

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a protein that in mammals is encoded by the FGF21 gene.

See Skeletal muscle and Fibroblast growth factor 21

Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity.

See Skeletal muscle and Food energy

Force

A force is an influence that can cause an object to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate, meaning a change in speed or direction, unless counterbalanced by other forces.

See Skeletal muscle and Force

Frailty syndrome

Frailty is a common and clinically significant grouping of symptoms that occurs in aging and older adults.

See Skeletal muscle and Frailty syndrome

Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.

See Skeletal muscle and Gene expression

Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure.

See Skeletal muscle and Genetic testing

Glucose

Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.

See Skeletal muscle and Glucose

Gluteus maximus

The gluteus maximus is the main extensor muscle of the hip in humans.

See Skeletal muscle and Gluteus maximus

Gluteus minimus

The gluteus minimus, or glutæus minimus, the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius.

See Skeletal muscle and Gluteus minimus

Glycogen

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.

See Skeletal muscle and Glycogen

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).

See Skeletal muscle and Glycolysis

Golgi tendon organ

The Golgi tendon organ (GTO) (also called Golgi organ, tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle) is a proprioceptor – a type of sensory receptor that senses changes in muscle tension.

See Skeletal muscle and Golgi tendon organ

Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 1999 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a British reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world.

See Skeletal muscle and Guinness World Records

Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.

See Skeletal muscle and Heart failure

Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties.

See Skeletal muscle and Heterochromatin

Hibernation

Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species.

See Skeletal muscle and Hibernation

HIF1A

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, also known as HIF-1-alpha, is a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) that is encoded by the HIF1A gene.

See Skeletal muscle and HIF1A

Hill's muscle model

In biomechanics, Hill's muscle model refers to the 3-element model consisting of a contractile element (CE) in series with a lightly-damped elastic spring element (SE) and in parallel with lightly-damped elastic parallel element (PE).

See Skeletal muscle and Hill's muscle model

Histology

Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues.

See Skeletal muscle and Histology

Histone

In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei and in most Archaeal phyla.

See Skeletal muscle and Histone

Histone acetylation and deacetylation

Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation.

See Skeletal muscle and Histone acetylation and deacetylation

Histone code

The histone code is a hypothesis that the transcription of genetic information encoded in DNA is in part regulated by chemical modifications (known as histone marks) to histone proteins, primarily on their unstructured ends.

See Skeletal muscle and Histone code

HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.

See Skeletal muscle and HIV/AIDS

Homeostasis

In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

See Skeletal muscle and Homeostasis

Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.

See Skeletal muscle and Hormone

Human brain

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

See Skeletal muscle and Human brain

Human eye

The human eye is an organ of the sensory nervous system that reacts to visible light and allows the use of visual information for various purposes including seeing things, keeping balance, and maintaining circadian rhythm.

See Skeletal muscle and Human eye

Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited.

See Skeletal muscle and Huntington's disease

Hyperpolarization (biology)

Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative.

See Skeletal muscle and Hyperpolarization (biology)

Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry is a form of immunostaining.

See Skeletal muscle and Immunohistochemistry

In vitro muscle testing

In vitro muscle testing is a method used to characterize properties of living muscle tissue after removing it from an organism, which allows more extensive and precise quantification of its properties than in vivo testing. Skeletal muscle and in vitro muscle testing are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and In vitro muscle testing

In vivo

Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.

See Skeletal muscle and In vivo

Inclusion body myositis

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) (sometimes called sporadic inclusion body myositis, sIBM) is the most common inflammatory muscle disease in older adults.

See Skeletal muscle and Inclusion body myositis

Indoor rower

An indoor rower, or rowing machine, is a machine used to simulate the action of watercraft rowing for the purpose of exercise or training for rowing.

See Skeletal muscle and Indoor rower

Induced pluripotent stem cell

Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Induced pluripotent stem cell

Infant

An infant or baby is the very young offspring of human beings.

See Skeletal muscle and Infant

Inflammatory myopathy

Inflammatory myopathy, also known as idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), is disease featuring muscle weakness, inflammation of muscles (myositis), and in some types, muscle pain.

See Skeletal muscle and Inflammatory myopathy

Interleukin 6

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine.

See Skeletal muscle and Interleukin 6

Intermediate filament

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal structural components found in the cells of vertebrates, and many invertebrates.

See Skeletal muscle and Intermediate filament

Invertebrate

Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.

See Skeletal muscle and Invertebrate

Isotype (immunology)

In immunology, antibodies (immunoglobulins (Ig)) are classified into several types called isotypes or classes.

See Skeletal muscle and Isotype (immunology)

Jaw

The jaws are a pair of opposable articulated structures at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food.

See Skeletal muscle and Jaw

Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

See Skeletal muscle and Kidney

Lactic acid

Lactic acid is an organic acid.

See Skeletal muscle and Lactic acid

Lactic acid fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution.

See Skeletal muscle and Lactic acid fermentation

Lateral plate mesoderm

The lateral plate mesoderm is the mesoderm that is found at the periphery of the embryo.

See Skeletal muscle and Lateral plate mesoderm

Linker DNA

In molecular biology, linker DNA is double-stranded DNA (38-53 base pairs long) in between two nucleosome cores that, in association with histone H1, holds the cores together.

See Skeletal muscle and Linker DNA

List of depressors of the human body

Depression, in an anatomical term of motion for movement in an inferior direction.

See Skeletal muscle and List of depressors of the human body

List of elevators of the human body

Elevation, is an anatomical term of motion for movement in a superior direction.

See Skeletal muscle and List of elevators of the human body

List of extensors of the human body

In anatomy, extension is a movement of a joint that increases the angle between two bones or body surfaces at a joint.

See Skeletal muscle and List of extensors of the human body

List of external rotators of the human body

External rotation (or extorsion or lateral rotation) is an anatomical term of motion referring to rotation away from the center of the body.

See Skeletal muscle and List of external rotators of the human body

List of flexors of the human body

A flexor is a muscle that flexes a joint.

See Skeletal muscle and List of flexors of the human body

List of human endocrine organs and actions

The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.

See Skeletal muscle and List of human endocrine organs and actions

List of human positions

Human positions refer to the different physical configurations that the human body can take.

See Skeletal muscle and List of human positions

List of internal rotators of the human body

In anatomy, internal rotation (also known as medial rotation) is an anatomical term referring to rotation towards the center of the body.

See Skeletal muscle and List of internal rotators of the human body

Lymphocyte

A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates.

See Skeletal muscle and Lymphocyte

Macrophage

Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface.

See Skeletal muscle and Macrophage

Malnutrition

Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems.

See Skeletal muscle and Malnutrition

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Skeletal muscle and Mammal

MAPK/ERK pathway

The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

See Skeletal muscle and MAPK/ERK pathway

Mass

Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.

See Skeletal muscle and Mass

Masseter muscle

In anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication.

See Skeletal muscle and Masseter muscle

Mechanical efficiency

In mechanical engineering, mechanical efficiency is a dimensionless ratio that measures the efficiency of a mechanism or machine in transforming the power input to the device to power output.

See Skeletal muscle and Mechanical efficiency

Mechanomyogram

The mechanomyogram (MMG) is the mechanical signal observable from the surface of a muscle when the muscle is contracted.

See Skeletal muscle and Mechanomyogram

Mef2

In the field of molecular biology, myocyte enhancer factor-2 (Mef2) proteins are a family of transcription factors which through control of gene expression are important regulators of cellular differentiation and consequently play a critical role in embryonic development.

See Skeletal muscle and Mef2

Membrane potential

Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Membrane potential

Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.

See Skeletal muscle and Messenger RNA

Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

See Skeletal muscle and Metabolism

Microfilament

Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton.

See Skeletal muscle and Microfilament

Microtrauma

Microtrauma is any of many possible small injuries to the body.

See Skeletal muscle and Microtrauma

Mitochondrial biogenesis

Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers.

See Skeletal muscle and Mitochondrial biogenesis

Mitochondrion

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.

See Skeletal muscle and Mitochondrion

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines.

See Skeletal muscle and Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mortality rate

Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

See Skeletal muscle and Mortality rate

Motor skill

A motor skill is a function that involves specific movements of the body's muscles to perform a certain task.

See Skeletal muscle and Motor skill

Motor unit

In biology, a motor unit is made up of a motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by the neuron's axon terminals, including the neuromuscular junctions between the neuron and the fibres. Skeletal muscle and motor unit are somatic motor system.

See Skeletal muscle and Motor unit

Motor unit recruitment

Motor unit recruitment is the activation of additional motor units to accomplish an increase in contractile strength in a muscle. Skeletal muscle and motor unit recruitment are somatic motor system.

See Skeletal muscle and Motor unit recruitment

Movement disorder

Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity.

See Skeletal muscle and Movement disorder

Multinucleate

Multinucleate cells (also known as multinucleated cells or polynuclear cells) are eukaryotic cells that have more than one nucleus, i.e., multiple nuclei share one common cytoplasm.

See Skeletal muscle and Multinucleate

Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue, one of the four basic types of animal tissue. Skeletal muscle and Muscle are muscle tissue and muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle

Muscle architecture

Muscle architecture is the physical arrangement of muscle fibers at the macroscopic level that determines a muscle's mechanical function. Skeletal muscle and muscle architecture are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle architecture

Muscle atrophy

Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle atrophy

Muscle biopsy

In medicine, a muscle biopsy is a procedure in which a piece of muscle tissue is removed from an organism and examined microscopically. Skeletal muscle and muscle biopsy are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle biopsy

Muscle cell

A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle cell

Muscle contraction

Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle cells. Skeletal muscle and muscle contraction are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle contraction

Muscle fascicle

A muscle fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, a type of connective tissue. Skeletal muscle and muscle fascicle are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle fascicle

Muscle fatigue

Muscle fatigue is when muscles that were initially generating a normal amount of force, then experience a declining ability to generate force.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle fatigue

Muscle hypertrophy

Muscle hypertrophy or muscle building involves a hypertrophy or increase in size of skeletal muscle through a growth in size of its component cells. Skeletal muscle and muscle hypertrophy are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle hypertrophy

Muscle memory

Muscle memory is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition, which has been used synonymously with motor learning.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle memory

Muscle relaxant

A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle relaxant

Muscle spindle

Muscle spindles are stretch receptors within the body of a skeletal muscle that primarily detect changes in the length of the muscle.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle spindle

Muscle tone

In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone (residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, or the muscle's resistance to passive stretch during resting state. Skeletal muscle and muscle tone are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle tone

Muscle weakness

Muscle weakness is a lack of muscle strength.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscle weakness

Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscular dystrophy

Muscular system

The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

See Skeletal muscle and Muscular system

Musculoskeletal injury

Musculoskeletal injury refers to damage of muscular or skeletal systems, which is usually due to a strenuous activity and includes damage to skeletal muscles, bones, tendons, joints, ligaments, and other affected soft tissues.

See Skeletal muscle and Musculoskeletal injury

Myalgia

Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue.

See Skeletal muscle and Myalgia

Myoclonus

Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching of a muscle, a joint, or a group of muscles, different from clonus, which is rhythmic or regular.

See Skeletal muscle and Myoclonus

Myofibril

A myofibril (also known as a muscle fibril or sarcostyle) is a basic rod-like organelle of a muscle cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Myofibril

Myofilament

Myofilaments are the three protein filaments of myofibrils in muscle cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Myofilament

Myogenesis

Myogenesis is the formation of skeletal muscular tissue, particularly during embryonic development. Skeletal muscle and Myogenesis are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Myogenesis

Myoglobin

Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals.

See Skeletal muscle and Myoglobin

Myokine

A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by skeletal muscle cells (muscle fibers) in response to muscular contractions.

See Skeletal muscle and Myokine

Myomere

Myomeres are blocks of skeletal muscle tissue arranged in sequence, commonly found in aquatic chordates. Skeletal muscle and Myomere are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Myomere

Myometrium

The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall, consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells (also called uterine myocytes) but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissue.

See Skeletal muscle and Myometrium

Myopathy

In medicine, myopathy is a disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly.

See Skeletal muscle and Myopathy

Myosatellite cell

Myosatellite cells, also known as satellite cells, muscle stem cells or MuSCs, are small multipotent cells with very little cytoplasm found in mature muscle.

See Skeletal muscle and Myosatellite cell

Myosin

Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes.

See Skeletal muscle and Myosin

Myosin ATPase

Myosin ATPase is an enzyme with systematic name ATP phosphohydrolase (actin-translocating).

See Skeletal muscle and Myosin ATPase

Myosin head

The myosin head is the part of the thick myofilament made up of myosin that acts in muscle contraction, by sliding over thin myofilaments of actin.

See Skeletal muscle and Myosin head

Myotomy

Myotomy is a surgical procedure in which muscle is cut.

See Skeletal muscle and Myotomy

Nature Biotechnology

Nature Biotechnology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio.

See Skeletal muscle and Nature Biotechnology

Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of nerve fibers (called axons) in the peripheral nervous system.

See Skeletal muscle and Nerve

Neurological disorder

A neurological disorder is any disorder of the nervous system.

See Skeletal muscle and Neurological disorder

Neuromuscular disease

A neuromuscular disease is any disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles, all of which are components of the motor unit.

See Skeletal muscle and Neuromuscular disease

Neuromuscular junction

A neuromuscular junction (or myoneural junction) is a chemical synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. Skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction are somatic motor system.

See Skeletal muscle and Neuromuscular junction

Neutrophil

Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of white blood cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Neutrophil

NFAT

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a family of transcription factors shown to be important in immune response.

See Skeletal muscle and NFAT

Nucleosome

A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes.

See Skeletal muscle and Nucleosome

Orbicularis oculi muscle

The orbicularis oculi is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids.

See Skeletal muscle and Orbicularis oculi muscle

Osteonectin

Osteonectin (ON) also known as secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) or basement-membrane protein 40 (BM-40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPARC gene.

See Skeletal muscle and Osteonectin

Paralysis

Paralysis (paralyses; also known as plegia) is a loss of motor function in one or more muscles.

See Skeletal muscle and Paralysis

Paraxial mesoderm

Paraxial mesoderm, also known as presomitic or somitic mesoderm, is the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube.

See Skeletal muscle and Paraxial mesoderm

Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor and non-motor systems of the body.

See Skeletal muscle and Parkinson's disease

Pectoral muscles

Pectoral muscles (colloquially referred to as "pecs") are the muscles that connect the front of the human chest with the bones of the upper arm and shoulder.

See Skeletal muscle and Pectoral muscles

Pennate muscle

A pennate or pinnate muscle (also called a penniform muscle) is a type of skeletal muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon. Skeletal muscle and pennate muscle are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Pennate muscle

Peptide

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

See Skeletal muscle and Peptide

Pericyte

Pericytes (formerly called Rouget cells) are multi-functional mural cells of the microcirculation that wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries throughout the body.

See Skeletal muscle and Pericyte

Perimysium

Perimysium is a sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that groups muscle fibers into bundles (anywhere between 10 and 100 or more) or fascicles. Skeletal muscle and Perimysium are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Perimysium

Peripheral nervous system

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS).

See Skeletal muscle and Peripheral nervous system

Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, refers to damage or disease affecting the nerves.

See Skeletal muscle and Peripheral neuropathy

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-delta), or (PPAR-beta), also known as Nuclear hormone receptor 1 (NUC1) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the PPARD gene.

See Skeletal muscle and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

PH

In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").

See Skeletal muscle and PH

Phonomyography

Phonomyography (PMG) (also known as acoustic myography, sound myography, vibromyography, and surface mechanomyogram) is a technique to measure the force of muscle contraction by recording the low frequency sounds created during muscular activity.

See Skeletal muscle and Phonomyography

Phosphatase

In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol.

See Skeletal muscle and Phosphatase

Phosphocreatine

Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated form of creatine that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle, myocardium and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Phosphocreatine

Physical fitness

Physical fitness is a state of health and well-being and, more specifically, the ability to perform aspects of sports, occupations, and daily activities.

See Skeletal muscle and Physical fitness

Physical inactivity

Physical inactivity refers to the lack of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in a person's lifestyle.

See Skeletal muscle and Physical inactivity

Physiological cross-sectional area

In muscle physiology, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) is the area of the cross section of a muscle perpendicular to its fibers, generally at its largest point. Skeletal muscle and physiological cross-sectional area are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Physiological cross-sectional area

Platelet

Platelets or thrombocytes are a blood component whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.

See Skeletal muscle and Platelet

Polymyositis

Polymyositis (PM) is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.

See Skeletal muscle and Polymyositis

PPARGC1A

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARGC1A gene.

See Skeletal muscle and PPARGC1A

PRDM1

PR domain zinc finger protein 1, or B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1), is a protein in humans encoded by the gene PRDM1 located on chromosome 6q21.

See Skeletal muscle and PRDM1

Preflexes

Preflexes are the latent capacities in the musculoskeletal system that auto-stabilize movements through the use of the nonlinear visco-elastic properties of muscles when they contract. Skeletal muscle and Preflexes are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Preflexes

Primary motor cortex

The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe.

See Skeletal muscle and Primary motor cortex

Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter.

See Skeletal muscle and Promoter (genetics)

Pronator quadratus muscle

Pronator quadratus is a square-shaped muscle on the distal forearm that acts to pronate (turn so the palm faces downwards) the hand.

See Skeletal muscle and Pronator quadratus muscle

Pronator teres muscle

The pronator teres is a muscle (located mainly in the forearm) that, along with the pronator quadratus, serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so that the palm faces posteriorly when from the anatomical position).

See Skeletal muscle and Pronator teres muscle

Prone position

Prone position is a body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up.

See Skeletal muscle and Prone position

Proprioception

Proprioception is the sense of self-movement, force, and body position.

See Skeletal muscle and Proprioception

Protein filament

In biology, a protein filament is a long chain of protein monomers, such as those found in hair, muscle, or in flagella.

See Skeletal muscle and Protein filament

Protein isoform

A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.

See Skeletal muscle and Protein isoform

Puberty

Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

See Skeletal muscle and Puberty

Pyramidal tracts

The pyramidal tracts include both the corticobulbar tract and the corticospinal tract.

See Skeletal muscle and Pyramidal tracts

Pyruvic acid

Pyruvic acid (IUPAC name: 2-oxopropanoic acid, also called acetoic acid) (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.

See Skeletal muscle and Pyruvic acid

Quadriceps

The quadriceps femoris muscle (also called the quadriceps extensor, quadriceps or quads) is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh.

See Skeletal muscle and Quadriceps

Rapid eye movement sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals (including humans) and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.

See Skeletal muscle and Rapid eye movement sleep

Ras GTPase

Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs.

See Skeletal muscle and Ras GTPase

Red nucleus

The red nucleus or nucleus ruber is a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination.

See Skeletal muscle and Red nucleus

Red-eared slider

The red-eared slider or red-eared terrapin (Trachemys scripta elegans) is a subspecies of the pond slider (Trachemys scripta), a semiaquatic turtle belonging to the family Emydidae.

See Skeletal muscle and Red-eared slider

Redox

Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.

See Skeletal muscle and Redox

Reflex

In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus.

See Skeletal muscle and Reflex

Regulatory sequence

A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism.

See Skeletal muscle and Regulatory sequence

Rhomboid

Traditionally, in two-dimensional geometry, a rhomboid is a parallelogram in which adjacent sides are of unequal lengths and angles are non-right angled.

See Skeletal muscle and Rhomboid

RNA-Seq

RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also known as transcriptome.

See Skeletal muscle and RNA-Seq

Rock climbing

Rock climbing is a sport in which participants climb up, across, or down natural rock formations or indoor climbing walls.

See Skeletal muscle and Rock climbing

Rohmert's law

Widely used in the human factors and ergonomics field, Rohmert's law states that the maximum force one's muscles can exert decreases exponentially from the time one begins continuously exerting the force. Skeletal muscle and Rohmert's law are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Rohmert's law

Rowing

Rowing is the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion.

See Skeletal muscle and Rowing

Ryanodine receptor 1

Ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR-1) also known as skeletal muscle calcium release channel or skeletal muscle-type ryanodine receptor is one of a class of ryanodine receptors and a protein found primarily in skeletal muscle.

See Skeletal muscle and Ryanodine receptor 1

Saccade

A saccade (jerk) is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation in the same direction. Skeletal muscle and saccade are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Saccade

Sarcolemma

The sarcolemma (sarco (from sarx) from Greek; flesh, and lemma from Greek; sheath), also called the myolemma, is the cell membrane surrounding a skeletal muscle fibre or a cardiomyocyte.

See Skeletal muscle and Sarcolemma

Sarcomere

A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ sarx "flesh", μέρος meros "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle and sarcomere are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Sarcomere

Sarcopenia

Sarcopenia (ICD-10 code M62.84) is a type of muscle loss that occurs with aging and/or immobility.

See Skeletal muscle and Sarcopenia

Sarcoplasm

Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Sarcoplasm

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a membrane-bound structure found within muscle cells that is similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in other cells.

See Skeletal muscle and Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Secretome

The secretome is the set of proteins expressed by an organism and secreted into the extracellular space.

See Skeletal muscle and Secretome

Segmentation (biology)

Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other.

See Skeletal muscle and Segmentation (biology)

Sense

A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli.

See Skeletal muscle and Sense

Sensory neuron

Sensory neurons, also known as afferent neurons, are neurons in the nervous system, that convert a specific type of stimulus, via their receptors, into action potentials or graded receptor potentials.

See Skeletal muscle and Sensory neuron

SERCA

SERCA, or sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, or SR Ca2+-ATPase, is a calcium ATPase-type P-ATPase.

See Skeletal muscle and SERCA

Serum response factor

Serum response factor, also known as SRF, is a transcription factor protein.

See Skeletal muscle and Serum response factor

Shivering

Shivering (also called shuddering) is a bodily function in response to cold and extreme fear in warm-blooded animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Shivering

Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle and Skeletal muscle are muscle tissue, muscular system and somatic motor system.

See Skeletal muscle and Skeletal muscle

Skeleton

A skeleton is the structural frame that supports the body of most animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Skeleton

Smooth muscle

Smooth (soft) muscle is one of the three major types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being skeletal and cardiac muscle. Skeletal muscle and Smooth muscle are muscle tissue and muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Smooth muscle

Soleus muscle

In humans and some other mammals, the soleus is a powerful muscle in the back part of the lower leg (the calf).

See Skeletal muscle and Soleus muscle

Somatic nervous system

The somatic nervous system (SNS) is made up of nerves that link the brain and spinal cord to voluntary or skeletal muscles that are under conscious control as well as to skin sensory receptors.

See Skeletal muscle and Somatic nervous system

Somite

The somites (outdated term: primitive segments) are a set of bilaterally paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm that form in the embryonic stage of somitogenesis, along the head-to-tail axis in segmented animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Somite

Somitogenesis

Somitogenesis is the process by which somites form.

See Skeletal muscle and Somitogenesis

SOX6

Transcription factor SOX-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX6 gene.

See Skeletal muscle and SOX6

Spaceflight

Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board.

See Skeletal muscle and Spaceflight

Spasticity

Spasticity is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia.

See Skeletal muscle and Spasticity

Sphincter

A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. Skeletal muscle and sphincter are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Sphincter

Spinal cord

The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone) of vertebrate animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Spinal cord

Spinal nerve

A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.

See Skeletal muscle and Spinal nerve

Stem cell

In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell.

See Skeletal muscle and Stem cell

Strength training

Strength training, also known as weight training or resistance training, involves the performance of physical exercises that are designed to improve strength and endurance.

See Skeletal muscle and Strength training

Stretch receptor

Stretch receptors are mechanoreceptors responsive to distention of various organs and muscles, and are neurologically linked to the medulla in the brain stem via afferent nerve fibers.

See Skeletal muscle and Stretch receptor

Striated muscle tissue

Striated muscle tissue is a muscle tissue that features repeating functional units called sarcomeres. Skeletal muscle and Striated muscle tissue are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Striated muscle tissue

Stroop effect

In psychology, the Stroop effect is the delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli.

See Skeletal muscle and Stroop effect

Supine position

The supine position means lying horizontally with the face and torso facing up, as opposed to the prone position, which is face down.

See Skeletal muscle and Supine position

T-tubule

T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Skeletal muscle and t-tubule are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and T-tubule

Temporal bone

The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

See Skeletal muscle and Temporal bone

Temporalis muscle

In anatomy, the temporalis muscle, also known as the temporal muscle, is one of the muscles of mastication (chewing).

See Skeletal muscle and Temporalis muscle

Tendon

A tendon or sinew is a tough band of dense fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.

See Skeletal muscle and Tendon

Tensor tympani muscle

The tensor tympani is a muscle within the middle ear, located in the bony canal above the bony part of the auditory tube, and connects to the malleus bone.

See Skeletal muscle and Tensor tympani muscle

Terminal cisternae

Terminal cisternae (singular: terminal cisterna) are enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounding the transverse tubules.

See Skeletal muscle and Terminal cisternae

Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males.

See Skeletal muscle and Testosterone

Tetanic contraction

A tetanic contraction (also called tetanized state, tetanus, or physiologic tetanus, the latter to differentiate from the disease called tetanus) is a sustained muscle contraction evoked when the motor nerve that innervates a skeletal muscle emits action potentials at a very high rate. During this state, a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron and remains that way for some time.

See Skeletal muscle and Tetanic contraction

Tongue

The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod.

See Skeletal muscle and Tongue

Torso

The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part, or the core, of the body of many animals (including humans), from which the head, neck, limbs, tail and other appendages extend.

See Skeletal muscle and Torso

Transactivation

In the context of gene regulation: transactivation is the increased rate of gene expression triggered either by biological processes or by artificial means, through the expression of an intermediate transactivator protein.

See Skeletal muscle and Transactivation

Transcriptional regulation

In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity.

See Skeletal muscle and Transcriptional regulation

Trapezoid

In geometry, a trapezoid in North American English, or trapezium in British English, is a quadrilateral that has one pair of parallel sides.

See Skeletal muscle and Trapezoid

Triad (anatomy)

In the histology of skeletal muscle, a triad is the structure formed by a T tubule with a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) known as the terminal cisterna on either side. Skeletal muscle and triad (anatomy) are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Triad (anatomy)

Tropomyosin

Tropomyosin is a two-stranded alpha-helical, coiled coil protein found in many animal and fungal cells. Skeletal muscle and Tropomyosin are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Tropomyosin

Troponin

s2cid. Skeletal muscle and Troponin are muscular system.

See Skeletal muscle and Troponin

Troponin C

Troponin C is a protein which is part of the troponin complex.

See Skeletal muscle and Troponin C

Turtle

Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs.

See Skeletal muscle and Turtle

UniProt

UniProt is a freely accessible database of protein sequence and functional information, many entries being derived from genome sequencing projects.

See Skeletal muscle and UniProt

Vastus lateralis muscle

The vastus lateralis, also called the vastus externus, is the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a muscle in the thigh.

See Skeletal muscle and Vastus lateralis muscle

Ventral ramus of spinal nerve

The ventral ramus (rami) (Latin for 'branch') is the anterior division of a spinal nerve.

See Skeletal muscle and Ventral ramus of spinal nerve

Vertebra

Each vertebra (vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates.

See Skeletal muscle and Vertebra

Vertebral column

The vertebral column, also known as the spinal column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrate animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Vertebral column

Vertebrate

Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

See Skeletal muscle and Vertebrate

Vibration

Vibration is a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point.

See Skeletal muscle and Vibration

Voltage-gated calcium channel

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), also known as voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the calcium ion Ca2+.

See Skeletal muscle and Voltage-gated calcium channel

Walking

Walking (also known as ambulation) is one of the main gaits of terrestrial locomotion among legged animals.

See Skeletal muscle and Walking

Work (physics)

In science, work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement.

See Skeletal muscle and Work (physics)

Work loop

The work loop technique is used in muscle physiology to evaluate the mechanical work and power output of skeletal or cardiac muscle contractions via ''in vitro'' muscle testing of whole muscles, fiber bundles or single muscle fibers.

See Skeletal muscle and Work loop

Zebrafish

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes.

See Skeletal muscle and Zebrafish

See also

Muscle tissue

• Cardiac muscle
• Human engineered cardiac tissues
• Muscle
• Myolysis
• Skeletal muscle
• Smooth muscle

Somatic motor system

• Alpha motor neuron
• Bereitschaftspotential
• Beta motor neuron
• Clasp-knife response
• Composite muscle
• Gamma motor neuron
• Lower motor neuron
• Memory cells (motor cortex)
• Motor unit
• Motor unit plasticity
• Motor unit recruitment
• Neuromuscular junction
• Skeletal muscle
• Stretch reflex

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_muscle

Also known as Branchialis, Characteristics of muscle, Connective tissue in skeletal muscle, Connective tissue of skeletal muscle, Control of Muscles, Convergent muscles, Evolution of muscles, Excitation-contraction, Fast twitch fiber, Fast twitch fibre, Fast twitch muscle, Fast-twitching, Gross anatomy of muscles, Groups of muscles, Human muscle, Lean muscle, Msucle, Muscle fibers, slow-twitch, Muscle group, Muscle mass, Muscle protein, Muscle proteins, Muscle strength, Muscle types, Muscle, skeletal, Muscular, Muscular branches, Muscular diseases, Muscular fiber, Muscular fibers, Muscular force, Musculature, Musculo, Musculotendinous junction, Myo-, Myoblasts, skeletal, Myoid cells, Myonuclei, Myotendinous junction, Neoplasms, muscle tissue, Red skeletal muscle cell, Skeletal muscle cell, Skeletal muscle cells, Skeletal muscle fibers, Skeletal muscle tissue, Skeletal muscles, Skeletal muscular, Skeletal striated muscle, Skeletal striated muscles, Slow twitch fiber, Slow twitch fibre, Slow twitch muscles, Slow-twitch muscle, Strongest muscle in human body, Textus muscularis striatus skeletalis, Type I muscle fiber, Type II muscle fiber, Voluntary muscle, Voluntary muscles, White skeletal muscle cell.

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