Communication

392 relations: Acceleration, Accretion disk, Aeolian processes, Aeolus, Aerodrome, Aerodynamics, Aerosol, Afghanistan, Ageostrophy, Agricultural Research Service, Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, Air pollution, Airplane, Alps, American Meteorological Society, Ancient Greece, Anemoi, Anemometer, Anemophily, Antarctica, Anuradhapura, Arabian Peninsula, Arabian Sea, Arthropod, Asteraceae, Astraeus, Athens, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmospheric circulation, Atmospheric escape, Atmospheric pressure, Aurora, Avocado, Balanced flow, Bangladesh, Barrow Island (Western Australia), Beaufort scale, Bernoulli's principle, Betz's law, Bora (wind), Boston University, Boundary current, Bristol Airport, Buoyancy, Bureau of Meteorology, Canary Islands, Cassini–Huygens, Cattle, Central Pacific Hurricane Center, Centrifugal force, ..., Cercus, Chemical element, Chichester, Chinook wind, Cleaning event, Climatology, Coccoloba uvifera, Cockroach, Cold front, Comet, Common Era, Contour line, Coral reef, Coriolis force, Corona, Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór, Deities of Slavic religion, Density of air, Derivative, Dobbs Ferry, New York, Donald Hill, Doppler effect, Dover Publications, Downburst, Drag (physics), Drive shaft, Dune, Dwarf (mythology), East wind, Eastern Kentucky University, Eddy (fluid dynamics), Egypt, Electric current, Electromagnetic radiation, Electron, Electronvolt, Elk, Emperor penguin, Enhanced Fujita scale, Environmental noise, Eos, Equations of motion, Equator, Erosion, Escape velocity, Eucalyptus, Exosphere, Fat, Fūjin, Feather, Federal Aviation Administration, Fiji Meteorological Service, Flipper (anatomy), Foehn wind, Francis Beaufort, Frank Morton McMurry, French campaign in Egypt and Syria, Friability, Friction, Gale, Gale warning, Gas, Geologic time scale, Geomagnetic storm, Geostrophic wind, Germination, Glaucous gull, Glenn Research Center, Glider (aircraft), Gliding, Global Positioning System, Gobi Desert, Gravity, Greek mythology, Gristmill, Ground track, Gulf of Guinea, Hang gliding, Harmattan, HD 80606 b, Headwind and tailwind, Heat capacity, Heliopause, Heliosphere, Hibiscus, High-altitude wind power, High-voltage direct current, Hodder & Stoughton, Hold (compartment), Hot air balloon, Hot air ballooning, Hull (watercraft), Hydrogen, IGR J17091-3624, India Meteorological Department, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, Insect, Interstellar medium, Japan Meteorological Agency, Jet stream, John Wiley & Sons, Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Jupiter, Kamikaze (typhoon), Köppen climate classification, Küssner effect, Khamsin, Kilometres per hour, Kinetic energy, Kite, Kite landboarding, Kiteboarding, Kleptothermy, Knot (unit), Landscape, Langley Air Force Base, Lapse rate, Latitude, Lee wave, Lenticular cloud, Library of Congress, Lidar, Light-year, List of local winds, List of wind deities, Loess, LORAN, Magnus effect, Maple, Maritime history, Mars, Marshall Space Flight Center, Mast (sailing), Météo-France, McGraw-Hill Education, Mesoscale meteorology, Meteorology, MetService, Microburst, Microscale meteorology, Middle latitudes, Mistral (wind), Molecule, Monsoon, Monthly Weather Review, Mount Washington (New Hampshire), Mountain pass, Mythology, Nameplate capacity, Napoleon, NASA, National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Hurricane Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanographic Partnership Program, National Park Service, National Weather Service, Neptune, New Scientist, NEXRAD, Njörðr, Nor'west arch, Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri, Norse mythology, North African Campaign, North Carolina State University, North Dakota State University, North Pole, North wind, Organ (music), Orion Publishing Group, Outer space, Outgassing, Panama, Papagayo Jet, Pappus (botany), Paragliding, PBS, Penguin, Pennant (commissioning), Persian Gulf, Picea sitchensis, Pika, Pitot tube, Planetary boundary layer, Plasma (physics), Polar High, Polar regions of Earth, Power (physics), Precipitation, Predation, Pressure-gradient force, Prevailing winds, Princeton University Press, Protestant Wind, Proton, Provisioning of the USS Constitution, Pruning, Radar, Radiometer, Radiosonde, Rain gutter, Rain shadow, Ralph Stockman Tarr, Reed mat (craft), Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, Relative humidity, Remote sensing, Rigging, Roaring Forties, Rotor ship, Ruderal species, Saffir–Simpson scale, Sahara, Sail, Sailboat, Sailing, Sailing ship, Santa Ana winds, Sapindaceae, Saturn, Science Daily, Sea breeze, Sea level, Sediment, Seed dispersal, Severe weather, Shamal (wind), Sheep, Shinto, Shipwreck, Silt, Sinhalese people, Sirocco, Sistan, Slavic paganism, Smouldering, Snowkiting, SODAR, Soil, Solar energy, Solar System, Solar wind, South Pole, South wind, Spanish Armada, Spatial scale, Speed, Speed of light, Springer Science+Business Media, Squall, Squall line, Sri Lanka, Station model, Stellar atmosphere, Storm, Sublimation (phase transition), Subsidence (atmosphere), Subtropical ridge, Sundowner winds, Supernatural, Suspension bridge, Synoptic scale meteorology, Syukuro Manabe, Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940), Tacuinum Sanitatis, Taraxacum, Tehuantepecer, Temperature, Temperature gradient, Texas A&M University, Theodolite, Thermal low, Thermal wind, Thunderstorm, Toad, Topography, Topsoil, Tornado, Tower of the Winds, Trade winds, Tramontane, Tree stand, Tropical cyclone, Tropics, Tucson, Arizona, Tumbleweed, Ultrasound, United States Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, United States Navy, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, University of Oklahoma, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, University of Wyoming, Uranus, Uria, Vayu, Velocity, Venus, Vertical draft, W. W. Norton & Company, Watt, Weather balloon, Weather front, Weather map, Weather Prediction Center, Weather radar, Weather vane, Weed, West wind, Wildfire, William III of England, Wind chill, Wind direction, Wind engineering, Wind farm, Wind gradient, Wind power, Wind power in Denmark, Wind power in Germany, Wind power in Portugal, Wind power in Spain, Wind power in the Republic of Ireland, Wind shear, Wind speed, Wind turbine, Windmill, Windmill sail, Windsock, Windsurfing, Windthrow, Windward and leeward, Wisconsin Historical Society, World Wind Energy Association, Zonda wind, 40th parallel south, 50th parallel south. Expand index (342 more) » « Shrink index

Acceleration

In physics, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity of an object with respect to time.

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Accretion disk

An accretion disk is a structure (often a circumstellar disk) formed by diffused material in orbital motion around a massive central body.

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Aeolian processes

Aeolian processes, also spelled eolian or æolian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth (or other planets).

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Aeolus

In Greek mythology, Aeolus (Αἴολος, Aiolos, Modern Greek: "quick-moving, nimble") is a name shared by three mythical characters.

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Aerodrome

An aerodrome (Commonwealth English) or airdrome (American English) is a location from which aircraft flight operations take place, regardless of whether they involve air cargo, passengers, or neither.

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Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics, from Greek ἀήρ aer (air) + δυναμική (dynamics), is the study of the motion of air, particularly its interaction with a solid object, such as an airplane wing.

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Aerosol

An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Ageostrophy

Ageostrophy is the real condition that works against geostrophic wind or geostrophic currents in the ocean, and works against an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force.

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Agricultural Research Service

The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).

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Ahmad Y. al-Hassan

Ahmad Yousef Al-Hassan (أحمد يوسف الحسن) (June 25, 1925 – April 28, 2012) was a Palestinian/Syrian/Canadian historian of Arabic and Islamic science and technology, educated in Jerusalem, Cairo, and London with a PhD in Mechanical engineering from University College London.

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Air pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.

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Airplane

An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller or rocket engine.

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Alps

The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.

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American Meteorological Society

The American Meteorological Society (AMS) is the premier scientific and professional organization in the United States promoting and disseminating information about the atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic sciences. Its mission is to advance the atmospheric and related sciences, technologies, applications, and services for the benefit of society.

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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).

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Anemoi

In ancient Greek religion and myth, the Anemoi (Greek: Ἄνεμοι, "Winds") were wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came (see Classical compass winds), and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions.

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Anemometer

An anemometer is a device used for measuring the speed of wind, and is also a common weather station instrument.

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Anemophily

Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Anuradhapura

Anuradhapura (අනුරාධපුරය; Tamil: அனுராதபுரம்) is a major city in Sri Lanka.

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Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula, simplified Arabia (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, ‘Arabian island’ or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب, ‘Island of the Arabs’), is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate.

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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea, also known as Sea of Oman, is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India.

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Arthropod

An arthropod (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, "joint" and πούς pous, "foot") is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages.

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Asteraceae

Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite,Great Basin Wildflowers, Laird R. Blackwell, 2006, p. 275 or sunflower family) is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae).

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Astraeus

In Greek mythology, Astraeus or Astraios (Ἀστραῖος "starry") was an astrological deity and the Titan god of the dusk.

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Athens

Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

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Atmospheric circulation

Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air, and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.

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Atmospheric escape

Atmospheric escape is the loss of planetary atmospheric gases to outer space.

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Atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth (or that of another planet).

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Aurora

An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).

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Avocado

The avocado (Persea americana) is a tree, long thought to have originated in South Central Mexico, classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae.

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Balanced flow

In atmospheric science, balanced flow is an idealisation of atmospheric motion.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Barrow Island (Western Australia)

Barrow Island is a island northwest off the Pilbara coast of Western Australia.

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Beaufort scale

The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land.

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Bernoulli's principle

In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

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Betz's law

Betz's law indicates the maximum power that can be extracted from the wind, independent of the design of a wind turbine in open flow.

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Bora (wind)

The bora is a northern to north-eastern katabatic wind in the Adriatic Sea.

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Boston University

Boston University (commonly referred to as BU) is a private, non-profit, research university in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Boundary current

Boundary currents are ocean currents with dynamics determined by the presence of a coastline, and fall into two distinct categories: western boundary currents and eastern boundary currents.

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Bristol Airport

Bristol Airport, located at Lulsgate Bottom in North Somerset, is the commercial airport serving the city of Bristol, England, and the surrounding area.

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Buoyancy

In physics, buoyancy or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.

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Bureau of Meteorology

The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) is an Executive Agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.

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Cassini–Huygens

The Cassini–Huygens mission, commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.

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Cattle

Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

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Central Pacific Hurricane Center

The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) of the United States National Weather Service is the official body responsible for tracking and issuing tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for the Central Pacific region: from the equator northward, 140°W–180°W, most significantly for Hawai‘i.

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Centrifugal force

In Newtonian mechanics, the centrifugal force is an inertial force (also called a "fictitious" or "pseudo" force) directed away from the axis of rotation that appears to act on all objects when viewed in a rotating frame of reference.

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Cercus

Cerci (singular cercus) are paired appendages on the rear-most segments of many arthropods, including insects and symphylans.

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Chemical element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).

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Chichester

Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, in South-East England.

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Chinook wind

Chinook winds, or simply Chinooks, are föhn winds in the interior West of North America, where the Canadian Prairies and Great Plains meet various mountain ranges, although the original usage is in reference to wet, warm coastal winds in the Pacific Northwest.

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Cleaning event

A cleaning event is a phenomenon whereby dust is removed from solar panels, specifically only on exploration and science rovers on Mars, supposedly by the action of wind.

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Climatology

Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "place, zone"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time.

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Coccoloba uvifera

Coccoloba uvifera is a species of flowering plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae, that is native to coastal beaches throughout tropical America and the Caribbean, including southern Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and Bermuda.

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Cockroach

Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. About four species are well known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, dating back at least as far as the Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors however lacked the internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects without special adaptations like the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs; they have chewing mouthparts and are likely among the most primitive of living neopteran insects. They are common and hardy insects, and can tolerate a wide range of environments from Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much bigger than temperate species, and, contrary to popular belief, extinct cockroach relatives and 'roachoids' such as the Carboniferous Archimylacris and the Permian Apthoroblattina were not as large as the biggest modern species. Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity. They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, though the great majority of species are inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world.

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Cold front

A cold front is the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing at ground level a warmer mass of air, which lies within a fairly sharp surface trough of low pressure.

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Comet

A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to release gases, a process called outgassing.

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Common Era

Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.

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Contour line

A contour line (also isocline, isopleth, isarithm, or equipotential curve) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value.

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Coral reef

Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.

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Coriolis force

In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial force that acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.

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Corona

A corona (Latin, 'crown') is an aura of plasma that surrounds the Sun and other stars.

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Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór

In Norse mythology, four stags or harts (male red deer) eat among the branches of the World Tree Yggdrasill.

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Deities of Slavic religion

Deities of Slavic religion, arranged in cosmological and functional groups, are inherited through mythology and folklore.

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Density of air

The density of air ρ (Greek: rho) (air density) is the mass per unit volume of Earth's atmosphere.

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Derivative

The derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value).

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Dobbs Ferry, New York

Dobbs Ferry is a village in Westchester County, New York.

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Donald Hill

Donald Routledge Hill (August 6, 1922 – May 30, 1994)D.

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Doppler effect

The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to observer who is moving relative to the wave source.

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Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche.

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Downburst

A downburst is a strong ground-level wind system that emanates from a point source above and blows radially, that is, in straight lines in all directions from the point of contact at ground level.

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Drag (physics)

In fluid dynamics, drag (sometimes called air resistance, a type of friction, or fluid resistance, another type of friction or fluid friction) is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.

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Drive shaft

A drive shaft, driveshaft, driving shaft, propeller shaft (prop shaft), or Cardan shaft is a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot be connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them.

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Dune

In physical geography, a dune is a hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes (wind) or the flow of water.

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Dwarf (mythology)

In Germanic mythology, a dwarf is a human-shaped entity that dwells in mountains and in the earth, and is variously associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting.

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East wind

An east wind is a wind that originates in the east and blows west.

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Eastern Kentucky University

Eastern Kentucky University (Eastern or EKU) is a regional comprehensive university in Richmond, Kentucky.

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Eddy (fluid dynamics)

In fluid dynamics, an eddy is the swirling of a fluid and the reverse current created when the fluid is in a turbulent flow regime.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of electric charge.

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Electromagnetic radiation

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space-time, carrying electromagnetic radiant energy.

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Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.

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Electronvolt

In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately joules (symbol J).

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Elk

The elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, in the world, and one of the largest land mammals in North America and Eastern Asia.

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Emperor penguin

The emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica.

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Enhanced Fujita scale

The Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) rates the intensity of tornadoes in the United States and Canada based on the damage they cause.

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Environmental noise

Environmental noise is the summary of noise pollution from outside, caused by transport, industrial and recreational activities.

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Eos

In Greek mythology, Eos (Ionic and Homeric Greek Ἠώς Ēōs, Attic Ἕως Éōs, "dawn", or; Aeolic Αὔως Aúōs, Doric Ἀώς Āṓs) is a Titaness and the goddess of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the Oceanus.

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Equations of motion

In physics, equations of motion are equations that describe the behavior of a physical system in terms of its motion as a function of time.

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Equator

An equator of a rotating spheroid (such as a planet) is its zeroth circle of latitude (parallel).

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Erosion

In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).

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Escape velocity

In physics, escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body.

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Eucalyptus

Eucalyptus L'Héritier 1789 (plural eucalypti, eucalyptuses or eucalypts) is a diverse genus of flowering trees and shrubs (including a distinct group with a multiple-stem mallee growth habit) in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae.

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Exosphere

The exosphere (ἔξω éxō "outside, external, beyond", σφαῖρα sphaĩra "sphere") is a thin, atmosphere-like volume surrounding a planet or natural satellite where molecules are gravitationally bound to that body, but where the density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other.

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Fat

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.

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Fūjin

or Futen is the Japanese god of the wind and one of the eldest Shinto gods.

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Feather

Feathers are epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds and other, extinct species' of dinosaurs.

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Federal Aviation Administration

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States is a national authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation.

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Fiji Meteorological Service

The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based in Nadi.

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Flipper (anatomy)

A flipper is a typically flat forelimb evolved for movement through water.

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Foehn wind

A föhn or foehn is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range.

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Francis Beaufort

Rear Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, KCB, FRS, FRGS, FRAS, MRIA (27 May 1774 – 17 December 1857) was an Irish hydrographer and officer in the Royal Navy.

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Frank Morton McMurry

Frank Morton McMurry (1862–1936) was an American educator and a brother of Charles Alexander McMurry.

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French campaign in Egypt and Syria

The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, proclaimed to defend French trade interests, weaken Britain's access to British India, and to establish scientific enterprise in the region.

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Friability

Friability, the condition of being friable, describes the tendency of a solid substance to break into smaller pieces under duress or contact, especially by rubbing.

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Friction

Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

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Gale

A gale is a strong wind, typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts.

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Gale warning

Weather services issue a gale warning for maritime locations currently or imminently experiencing winds of Gale Force on the Beaufort scale.

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Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).

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Geologic time scale

The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time.

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Geomagnetic storm

A geomagnetic storm (commonly referred to as a solar storm) is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave and/or cloud of magnetic field that interacts with the Earth's magnetic field.

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Geostrophic wind

The geostrophic wind is the theoretical wind that would result from an exact balance between the Coriolis force and the pressure gradient force.

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Germination

Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.

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Glaucous gull

The glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) is a large gull, the second largest gull in the world which breeds in Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and winters south to shores of the Holarctic.

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Glenn Research Center

NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field is a NASA center, located within the cities of Brook Park and Cleveland between Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and the Rocky River Reservation of Cleveland Metroparks, with a subsidiary facility in Sandusky, Ohio.

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Glider (aircraft)

A glider is a heavier-than-air aircraft that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its lifting surfaces, and whose free flight does not depend on an engine.

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Gliding

Gliding is a recreational activity and competitive air sport in which pilots fly unpowered aircraft known as gliders or sailplanes using naturally occurring currents of rising air in the atmosphere to remain airborne.

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Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force.

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Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert is a large desert region in Asia.

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Gravity

Gravity, or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.

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Gristmill

A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill or flour mill) grinds cereal grain into flour and middlings.

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Ground track

A ground track or ground trace is the path on the surface of the Earth directly below an aircraft or satellite.

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Gulf of Guinea

The Gulf of Guinea is the northeasternmost part of the tropical Atlantic Ocean between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia.

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Hang gliding

Hang gliding is an air sport or recreational activity in which a pilot flies a light, non-motorised foot-launched heavier-than-air aircraft called a hang glider.

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Harmattan

The Harmattan is a season in the West African subcontinent, which occurs between the end of November and the middle of March.

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HD 80606 b

HD 80606 b (also Struve 1341 B b or HIP 45982 b) is an eccentric and hot Jupiter 190 light-years from the Sun in the constellation of Ursa Major.

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Headwind and tailwind

A tailwind is a wind that blows in the direction of travel of an object, while a headwind blows against the direction of travel.

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Heat capacity

Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.

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Heliopause

Heliopause may refer to.

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Heliosphere

The heliosphere is the bubble-like region of space dominated by the Sun, which extends far beyond the orbit of Pluto.

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Hibiscus

Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae.

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High-altitude wind power

High-altitude wind power (HAWP) is the harnessing of the power of winds high in the sky by use of tether and cable technology.

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High-voltage direct current

A high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system (also called a power superhighway or an electrical superhighway) uses direct current for the bulk transmission of electrical power, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) systems.

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Hodder & Stoughton

Hodder & Stoughton is a British publishing house, now an imprint of Hachette.

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Hold (compartment)

View of the hold of a container ship A ship's hold or cargo hold is a space for carrying cargo.

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Hot air balloon

A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air.

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Hot air ballooning

Hot air ballooning is the activity of flying hot air balloons.

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Hull (watercraft)

The hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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IGR J17091-3624

IGR J17091-3624 (also IGR J17091) is a stellar mass black hole 28,000 light years away.

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India Meteorological Department

The India Meteorological Department (IMD), also referred to as the Met Department, is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics

Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika or simply BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.

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Insect

Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.

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Interstellar medium

In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.

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Japan Meteorological Agency

The, JMA, is an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

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Jet stream

Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth.

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John Wiley & Sons

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., also referred to as Wiley, is a global publishing company that specializes in academic publishing.

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Joint Typhoon Warning Center

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command located in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

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Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

The Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (until 1962 titled Journal of Meteorology) is a scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society.

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Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

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Kamikaze (typhoon)

The were two winds or storms that are said to have saved Japan from two Mongol fleets under Kublai Khan.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Küssner effect

In fluid dynamics, the Küssner effect describes the unsteady aerodynamic forces on an airfoil or hydrofoil caused by encountering a transverse gust.

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Khamsin

Khamsīn, chamsin or hamsin (خمسين, derived from the Arabic word for "fifty"), more commonly known in Egypt as khamaseen (خماسين), is a dry, hot, sandy local wind affecting Egypt; similar winds, blowing in other parts of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the entire Mediterranean basin, have different local names, such as bist roz in Iran and Afghanistan, haboob in the Sudan, aajej in southern Morocco, ghibli in Tunis, harmattan in the western Maghreb, africo in Italy, sirocco (derived from the Arabic sharkiyya, “easterly”) which blows in winter over much of the Middle East,Philologos,, in The Forward, 4 April 2003.

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Kilometres per hour

The kilometre per hour (American English: kilometer per hour) is a unit of speed, expressing the number of kilometres travelled in one hour.

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Kinetic energy

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.

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Kite

A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag.

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Kite landboarding

Kite landboarding, also known as land kiteboarding or flyboarding, is based on the sport of kitesurfing, where a rider on a surf-style board is pulled over water by a kite.

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Kiteboarding

Kiteboarding is an action sport combining aspects of wakeboarding, snowboarding, windsurfing, surfing, paragliding, skateboarding and sailing into one extreme sport.

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Kleptothermy

Kleptothermy is any form of thermoregulation by which an animal shares in the metabolic thermogenesis of another animal.

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Knot (unit)

The knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, exactly 1.852 km/h (approximately 1.15078 mph).

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Landscape

A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms and how they integrate with natural or man-made features.

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Langley Air Force Base

Langley Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located adjacent to Hampton and Newport News, Virginia.

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Lapse rate

Lapse rate is the rate at which Earth's atmospheric temperature decreases with an increase in altitude, or increases with the decrease in altitude.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Lee wave

In meteorology, lee waves are atmospheric stationary waves.

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Lenticular cloud

Lenticular clouds (Altocumulus lenticularis in Latin) are stationary clouds that form in the troposphere, typically in perpendicular alignment to the wind direction.

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Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.

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Lidar

Lidar (also called LIDAR, LiDAR, and LADAR) is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with pulsed laser light and measuring the reflected pulses with a sensor.

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Light-year

The light-year is a unit of length used to express astronomical distances and measures about 9.5 trillion kilometres or 5.9 trillion miles.

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List of local winds

The list covers regional and local winds and local weather phenomena including seasonal wind.

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List of wind deities

There are many different gods of wind in different religions.

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Loess

Loess (from German Löss) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

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LORAN

LORAN, short for long range navigation, was a hyperbolic radio navigation system developed in the United States during World War II.

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Magnus effect

The Magnus effect is an observable phenomenon that is commonly associated with a spinning object that drags air faster around one side, creating a difference in pressure that moves it in the direction of the lower-pressure side.

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Maple

Acer is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as maple.

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Maritime history

Maritime history is the study of human interaction with and activity at sea.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.

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Marshall Space Flight Center

The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Huntsville, Alabama, is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center.

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Mast (sailing)

The mast of a sailing vessel is a tall spar, or arrangement of spars, erected more or less vertically on the centre-line of a ship or boat.

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Météo-France

Météo-France is the French national meteorological service.

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McGraw-Hill Education

McGraw-Hill Education (MHE) is a learning science company and one of the "big three" educational publishers that provides customized educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Mesoscale meteorology

Mesoscale meteorology is the study of weather systems smaller than synoptic scale systems but larger than microscale and storm-scale cumulus systems.

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Meteorology

Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences which includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics, with a major focus on weather forecasting.

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MetService

Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (MetService) was established as a state-owned enterprise in 1992.

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Microburst

A microburst is an intense small-scale downdraft produced by a thunderstorm or rain shower.

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Microscale meteorology

Microscale meteorology is the study of short-lived atmospheric phenomena smaller than mesoscale, about 1 km or less.

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Middle latitudes

The middle latitudes (also called the mid-latitudes, sometimes midlatitudes, or moderate latitudes) of Earth lie between 23°26'22" and 66°33'39" north, and between 23°26'22" and 66°33'39" south.

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Mistral (wind)

The mistral (Mestral, Μαΐστρος, Maestrale, Corsican: Maestral) is a strong, cold, northwesterly wind that blows from southern France into the Gulf of Lion in the northern Mediterranean, with sustained winds often exceeding, sometimes reaching.

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Molecule

A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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Monsoon

Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

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Monthly Weather Review

The Monthly Weather Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society.

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Mount Washington (New Hampshire)

Mount Washington, called Agiocochook by some Native American tribes, is the highest peak in the Northeastern United States at and the most prominent mountain east of the Mississippi River.

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Mountain pass

A mountain pass is a navigable route through a mountain range or over a ridge.

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Mythology

Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths.

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Nameplate capacity

Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, or maximum effect, is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power plant, Energy Information Administration.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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National Center for Atmospheric Research

The US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is a US federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed by the nonprofit University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) and funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

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National Centers for Environmental Prediction

The United States National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) delivers national and global weather, water, climate and space weather guidance, forecasts, warnings and analyses to its Partners and External User Communities.

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National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to operate and manage the United States environmental satellite programs, and manage the data gathered by the National Weather Service and other government agencies and departments.

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National Hurricane Center

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting weather systems within the tropics between the Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian west poleward to the 30th parallel north in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the 31st parallel north in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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National Oceanographic Partnership Program

The National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) facilitates interagency and multi-sectoral partnerships to address federal ocean science and technology research priorities.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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National Weather Service

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States Federal Government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

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New Scientist

New Scientist, first published on 22 November 1956, is a weekly, English-language magazine that covers all aspects of science and technology.

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NEXRAD

NEXRAD or Nexrad (Next-Generation Radar) is a network of 159 high-resolution S-band Doppler weather radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), an agency of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) within the United States Department of Commerce, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) within the Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Air Force within the Department of Defense.

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Njörðr

In Norse mythology, Njörðr is a god among the Vanir.

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Nor'west arch

The Nor'west arch is a weather pattern peculiar to the east coast of New Zealand's South Island.

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Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri

In Norse mythology, Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri ("Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western") are four dwarves in the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning who each support one of the four cardinal points.

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Norse mythology

Norse mythology is the body of myths of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period.

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North African Campaign

The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943.

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North Carolina State University

North Carolina State University (also referred to as NCSU, NC State, or just State) is a public research university located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.

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North Dakota State University

North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, more commonly known as North Dakota State University (NDSU), is a public research university that sits on a 258-acre campus (~1 km2) in Fargo, North Dakota, U.S. The institution was founded as North Dakota Agricultural College in 1890 as the research land-grant institution for the state of North Dakota.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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North wind

A north wind is a wind that originates in the north and blows south.

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Organ (music)

In music, the organ (from Greek ὄργανον organon, "organ, instrument, tool") is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means for producing tones, each played with its own keyboard, played either with the hands on a keyboard or with the feet using pedals.

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Orion Publishing Group

Orion Publishing Group Ltd.

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Outer space

Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.

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Outgassing

Outgassing (sometimes called offgassing, particularly when in reference to indoor air quality) is the release of a gas that was dissolved, trapped, frozen or absorbed in some material.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Papagayo Jet

The Papagayo jet, also referred to as the Papagayo Wind or the Papagayo Wind Jet, are strong intermittent winds that blow approximately 70 km north of the Gulf of Papagayo, after which they are named.

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Pappus (botany)

The pappus is the modified calyx, the part of an individual floret, that surrounds the base of the corolla tube in flower heads of the plant family Asteraceae.

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Paragliding

Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Penguin

Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds.

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Pennant (commissioning)

The commissioning pennant (or masthead pennant) is a pennant (also spelled "pendant") flown from the masthead of a warship.

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Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (lit), (الخليج الفارسي) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.

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Picea sitchensis

Picea sitchensis, the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to almost 100 m (330 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft).

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Pika

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Pitot tube

A Pitot tube, also known as Pitot probe, is a flow measurement device used to measure fluid flow velocity.

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Planetary boundary layer

In meteorology the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), is the lowest part of the atmosphere.

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Plasma (physics)

Plasma (Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek English Lexicon, on Perseus) is one of the four fundamental states of matter, and was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s.

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Polar High

The polar highs are areas of high atmospheric pressure around the north and south poles; the north polar high being the stronger one because land gains and loses heat more effectively than sea.

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Polar regions of Earth

The polar regions, also called the frigid zones, of Earth are the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles.

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Power (physics)

In physics, power is the rate of doing work, the amount of energy transferred per unit time.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).

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Pressure-gradient force

The pressure-gradient force is the force which results when there is a difference in pressure across a surface.

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Prevailing winds

Prevailing winds are winds that blow predominantly from a single general direction over a particular point on the Earth's surface.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Protestant Wind

The phrase Protestant Wind has been used in more than one context, notably.

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Proton

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Provisioning of the USS Constitution

Provisioning for sea was just as crucial if not more so in the 19th century due to the lack of modern conveniences such as refrigeration, freeze-drying and canning.

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Pruning

Pruning is a horticultural and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.

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Radar

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

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Radiometer

A radiometer or roentgenometer is a device for measuring the radiant flux (power) of electromagnetic radiation.

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Radiosonde

A radiosonde is a battery-powered telemetry instrument package carried into the atmosphere usually by a weather balloon that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them by radio to a ground receiver.

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Rain gutter

A rain gutter or surface water collection channel is a component of water discharge system for a building.

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Rain shadow

A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind).

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Ralph Stockman Tarr

Ralph Stockman Tarr, S.B. (January 15, 1864 – March 21, 1912) was an American geographer.

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Reed mat (craft)

Reed mats are handmade mats of plaited reed, made throughout most of Cambodia, India, and Thailand.

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Regional Specialized Meteorological Center

A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (also Regional Specialized Meteorological Center and Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre; RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as part of the World Weather Watch.

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Relative humidity

Relative humidity (RH) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor to the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at a given temperature.

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Remote sensing

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object and thus in contrast to on-site observation.

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Rigging

Rigging comprises the system of ropes, cables and chains, which support a sailing ship or sail boat's masts—standing rigging, including shrouds and stays—and which adjust the position of the vessel's sails and spars to which they are attached—the running rigging, including halyards, braces, sheets and vangs.

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Roaring Forties

The Roaring Forties are strong westerly winds found in the Southern Hemisphere, generally between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees.

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Rotor ship

A rotor ship is a type of ship designed to use the Magnus effect for propulsion.

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Ruderal species

A ruderal species is a plant species that is first to colonize disturbed lands.

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Saffir–Simpson scale

The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), formerly the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS), classifies hurricanesWestern Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical stormsinto five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds.

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Sahara

The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.

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Sail

A sail is a tensile structure—made from fabric or other membrane materials—that uses wind power to propel sailing craft, including sailing ships, sailboats, windsurfers, ice boats, and even sail-powered land vehicles.

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Sailboat

A sailboat or sailing boat is a boat propelled partly or entirely by sails smaller than a sailing ship.

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Sailing

Sailing employs the wind—acting on sails, wingsails or kites—to propel a craft on the surface of the water (sailing ship, sailboat, windsurfer, or kitesurfer), on ice (iceboat) or on land (land yacht) over a chosen course, which is often part of a larger plan of navigation.

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Sailing ship

The term "sailing ship" is most often used to describe any large vessel that uses sails to harness the power of wind.

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Santa Ana winds

The Santa Ana winds are strong, extremely dry down-slope winds that originate inland and affect coastal Southern California and northern Baja California.

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Sapindaceae

The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family.

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Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.

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Science Daily

Science Daily is an American website that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!.

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Sea breeze

A sea breeze or onshore breeze is any wind that blows from a large body of water toward or onto a landmass; it develops due to differences in air pressure created by the differing heat capacities of water and dry land.

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Sea level

Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Seed dispersal

Seed dispersal is the movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.

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Severe weather

Severe weather refers to any dangerous meteorological phenomena with the potential to cause damage, serious social disruption, or loss of human life.

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Shamal (wind)

A shamal (شمال, 'north') is a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night.

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Sheep

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Shinto

or kami-no-michi (among other names) is the traditional religion of Japan that focuses on ritual practices to be carried out diligently to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past.

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Shipwreck

A shipwreck is the remains of a ship that has wrecked, which are found either beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water.

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Silt

Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.

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Sinhalese people

The Sinhalese (Sinhala: සිංහල ජාතිය Sinhala Jathiya, also known as Hela) are an Indo-Aryan-speaking ethnic group native to the island of Sri Lanka.

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Sirocco

Sirocco, scirocco,, jugo or, rarely, siroc (Xaloc; Sciroccu; Σορόκος; Siroco; Siròc, Eisseròc; Jugo, literally southerly; Libyan Arabic: Ghibli; Egypt: khamsin; Tunisia: ch'hilli) is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and can reach hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe, especially during the summer season.

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Sistan

Sīstān (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: سیستان), known in ancient times as Sakastan (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: ساكاستان; "the land of the Saka"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), southern Afghanistan (Nimruz, Kandahar) and the Nok Kundi region of Balochistan (western Pakistan).

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Slavic paganism

Slavic paganism or Slavic religion define the religious beliefs, godlores and ritual practices of the Slavs before the formal Christianisation of their ruling elites.

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Smouldering

Smouldering (British English) or smoldering (American English; see spelling differences) is the slow, low-temperature, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel.

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Snowkiting

Snowkiting or kite skiing is an outdoor winter sport where people use kite power to glide on snow or ice.

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SODAR

SODAR (SOnic Detection And Ranging), also written as sodar, is a meteorological instrument used as a wind profiler to measure the scattering of sound waves by atmospheric turbulence.

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Soil

Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.

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Solar energy

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Solar wind

The solar wind is a stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the Sun, called the corona.

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South Pole

The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface.

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South wind

A south wind is a wind that originates in the south and blows north.

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Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada (Grande y Felicísima Armada, literally "Great and Most Fortunate Navy") was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in late May 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.

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Spatial scale

In sciences such as physics, geography, astronomy, meteorology and statistics, the term scale or spatial scale is used for describing or classifying with large approximation the extent or size of a length, distance or area studied or described.

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Speed

In everyday use and in kinematics, the speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity (the rate of change of its position); it is thus a scalar quantity.

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Speed of light

The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.

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Springer Science+Business Media

Springer Science+Business Media or Springer, part of Springer Nature since 2015, is a global publishing company that publishes books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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Squall

A squall is a sudden, sharp increase in wind speed that is usually associated with active weather, such as rain showers, thunderstorms, or heavy snow.

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Squall line

A squall line (also known as a quasi-linear convective system or QLCS) is a line of thunderstorms forming along or ahead of a cold front.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Station model

In meteorology, station models are symbolic illustrations showing the weather occurring at a given reporting station.

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Stellar atmosphere

The stellar atmosphere is the outer region of the volume of a star, lying above the stellar core, radiation zone and convection zone.

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Storm

A storm is any disturbed state of an environment or in an astronomical body's atmosphere especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather.

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Sublimation (phase transition)

Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase, without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

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Subsidence (atmosphere)

Subsidence, in the Earth's atmosphere, is most commonly caused by a low temperature.

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Subtropical ridge

The subtropical ridge, also known as the subtropical high or horse latitudes, is a significant belt of atmospheric high pressure situated around the latitudes of 30°N in the Northern Hemisphere and 30°S in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Sundowner winds

A sundowner is a northerly offshore wind in Santa Barbara, California.

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Supernatural

The supernatural (Medieval Latin: supernātūrālis: supra "above" + naturalis "natural", first used: 1520–1530 AD) is that which exists (or is claimed to exist), yet cannot be explained by laws of nature.

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Suspension bridge

A suspension bridge is a type of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders.

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Synoptic scale meteorology

The synoptic scale in meteorology (also known as large scale or cyclonic scale) is a horizontal length scale of the order of 1000 kilometers (about 620 miles) or more.

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Syukuro Manabe

is a meteorologist and climatologist who pioneered the use of computers to simulate global climate change and natural climate variations.

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Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1940)

The 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the first Tacoma Narrows Bridge, was a suspension bridge in the U.S. state of Washington that spanned the Tacoma Narrows strait of Puget Sound between Tacoma and the Kitsap Peninsula.

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Tacuinum Sanitatis

The Tacuinum (sometimes Taccuinum) Sanitatis is a medieval handbook mainly on health, based on the Taqwīm as‑siḥḥah تقويم الصحة ("Maintenance of Health"), an eleventh-century Arab medical treatise by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad.

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Taraxacum

Taraxacum is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, which consists of species commonly known as dandelions.

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Tehuantepecer

Tehuantepecer, or Tehuano wind, is a violent mountain-gap wind traveling through Chivela Pass, most common between October and February, with a summer minimum in July.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Temperature gradient

A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most rapidly around a particular location.

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Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University (Texas A&M or A&M) is a coeducational public research university in College Station, Texas, United States.

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Theodolite

A theodolite is a precision instrument for measuring angles in the horizontal and vertical planes.

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Thermal low

Thermal lows, or heat lows, are non-frontal low-pressure areas that occur over the continents in the subtropics during the warm season, as the result of intense heating when compared to their surrounding environments.

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Thermal wind

The thermal wind is wind that varies with height due to a balance between the Coriolis and pressure-gradient forces in the atmosphere.

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Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.

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Toad

Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands.

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Topography

Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons, and asteroids.

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Topsoil

Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top to.

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Tornado

A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.

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Tower of the Winds

The Tower of the Winds or the Horologion of Andronikos Kyrrhestes is an octagonal Pentelic marble clocktower in the Roman Agora in Athens that functioned as a horologion or "timepiece".

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Trade winds

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

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Tramontane

Tramontane is a classical name for a northern wind.

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Tree stand

This article is about hunting platforms.

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Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

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Tropics

The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.

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Tucson, Arizona

Tucson is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona.

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Tumbleweed

A tumbleweed is a structural part of the above-ground anatomy of a number of species of plants, a diaspore that, once it is mature and dry, detaches from its root or stem, and tumbles away in the wind.

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Ultrasound

Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.

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United States Department of the Interior

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

The University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (also known as U of I, Illinois, or colloquially as the University of Illinois or UIUC) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Illinois and the flagship institution of the University of Illinois System.

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University of Oklahoma

The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a coeducational public research university in Norman, Oklahoma.

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University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point

The University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point (also known as UW–Stevens Point or UWSP) is a public university in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, United States.

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University of Wyoming

The University of Wyoming is a land-grant university located in Laramie, Wyoming, situated on Wyoming's high Laramie Plains, at an elevation of 7,220 feet (2194 m), between the Laramie and Snowy Range mountains.

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Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun.

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Uria

Uria is a genus of seabirds in the auk family known in Britain as guillemots, in most of North America as murres, and in Newfoundland and Labrador as turr.

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Vayu

Vāyu (Sanskrit) is a primary Hindu deity, the lord of the winds, the father of Bhima and the spiritual father of Hanuman.

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Velocity

The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.

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Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days.

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Vertical draft

An updraft is a small‐scale current of rising air, often within a cloud.

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W. W. Norton & Company

W.

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Watt

The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.

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Weather balloon

A weather or sounding balloon is a balloon (specifically a type of high-altitude balloon) that carries instruments aloft to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed by means of a small, expendable measuring device called a radiosonde.

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Weather front

A weather front is a boundary separating two masses of air of different densities, and is the principal cause of meteorological phenomena outside the tropics.

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Weather map

A weather map displays various meteorological features across a particular area at a particular point in time and has various symbols which all have specific meanings.

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Weather Prediction Center

The Weather Prediction Center (WPC), located in College Park, Maryland, is one of nine service centers under the umbrella of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), a part of the National Weather Service (NWS), which in turn is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. government.

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Weather radar

Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.). Modern weather radars are mostly pulse-Doppler radars, capable of detecting the motion of rain droplets in addition to the intensity of the precipitation.

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Weather vane

A weather vane, wind vane, or weathercock is an instrument for showing the direction of the wind.

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Weed

A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, "a plant in the wrong place".

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West wind

A west wind is a wind that blows from the west, in an eastward direction.

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Wildfire

A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or rural area.

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William III of England

William III (Willem; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672 and King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.

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Wind chill

Wind-chill or windchill, (popularly wind chill factor) is the lowering of body temperature due to the passing-flow of lower-temperature air.

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Wind direction

Wind direction is reported by the direction from which it originates.

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Wind engineering

Wind engineering is a subsets of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics to analyze the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage, inconvenience or benefits which may result from wind.

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Wind farm

A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity.

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Wind gradient

In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient or wind velocity gradient, or alternatively shear wind, is the vertical gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere.

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Wind power

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity.

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Wind power in Denmark

Denmark was a pioneer in developing commercial wind power during the 1970s, and today a substantial share of the wind turbines around the world are produced by Danish manufacturers such as Vestas and Siemens Wind Power along with many component suppliers.

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Wind power in Germany

Wind power in Germany is a growing industry.

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Wind power in Portugal

Wind power in Portugal describes wind power in Portugal as part of energy in Portugal and renewable energy in Portugal.

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Wind power in Spain

By year end 2015 Spain was the world's fifth biggest producer of wind power with 23,031 MW installed capacity (including 11 MW of wind-hydro capacity), providing 48,118 GWh of power and 19% of the country's total electricity production in that year.

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Wind power in the Republic of Ireland

, the Republic of Ireland has 2,878 MegaWatts (3,916 MW all-island) of installed wind power nameplate capacity, and 1 MW of solar power.

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Wind shear

Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere.

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Wind speed

Wind speed, or wind flow velocity, is a fundamental atmospheric quantity.

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Wind turbine

A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy.

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Windmill

A windmill is a mill that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades.

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Windmill sail

Windmills are powered by their sails.

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Windsock

A windsock is a conical textile tube which resembles a giant sock.

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Windsurfing

Windsurfing is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing.

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Windthrow

In forestry, windthrow or blowdown refers to trees uprooted or broken by wind.

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Windward and leeward

Windward is the direction upwind from the point of reference, alternatively the direction from which the wind is coming.

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Wisconsin Historical Society

The Wisconsin Historical Society (officially the State Historical Society of Wisconsin) is simultaneously a state agency and a private membership organization whose purpose is to maintain, promote and spread knowledge relating to the history of North America, with an emphasis on the state of Wisconsin and the trans-Allegheny West.

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World Wind Energy Association

The World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) is an international non-profit association representing the wind power sector worldwide, with members in 100 countries, amongst them the leading national and regional wind energy associations.

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Zonda wind

Zonda wind (viento zonda) is a regional term for the foehn wind that often occurs on the eastern slope of the Andes, in Argentina.

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40th parallel south

The 40th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 40 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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50th parallel south

The 50th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 50 degrees south of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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Aeolian Action, Aeolian activity, Anemology, Barometric gradient, Blustery, Cyclostrophic Wind, Eolic, Gust (wind), Land and sea breeze, WInds, WInds., Wind (weather), Wind Cycle, Wind gust, Wind strength, Winds, Winds., 🌬.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind

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