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ISO/IEC 646

Index ISO/IEC 646

ISO/IEC 646 is the name of a set of ISO standards, described as Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange and developed in cooperation with ASCII at least since 1964. [1]

229 relations: A, Acknowledgement (data networks), Acute accent, Addison-Wesley, AFNOR, American National Standards Institute, Ampersand, ANSI C, Apostrophe, Arabic alphabet, ASCII, ASMO 449, Asterisk, B, Backslash, Backspace, Basic Latin (Unicode block), Basque language, Bell character, Bell Labs, Bit, Bosnian language, Bracket, British Standards, C, C (programming language), C0 and C1 control codes, Canada, Cancel character, Caret, Carriage return, Catalan language, Cedilla, Character encoding, China, Chinese National Standards, Circumflex, Code page 1009, Code page 1010, Code page 1011, Code page 1012, Code page 1013, Code page 1014, Code page 1015, Code page 1016, Code page 1017, Code page 1018, Code page 1019, Code page 1020, Code page 1021, ..., Code page 1023, Code page 1104, Code page 437, Code page 895, Colon (punctuation), Combining character, Comma, Croatian language, CSA Group, Cuba, Currency sign (typography), D, Danish language, Delete character, Denmark, Deprecation, Deutsches Institut für Normung, Diaeresis (diacritic), Digraphs and trigraphs, Dollar sign, Dutch language, Dzhe, E, Ecma International, ELOT 927, End-of-Text character, End-of-Transmission character, End-of-Transmission-Block character, English language, Enquiry character, Equals sign, Escape character, Exclamation mark, Extended Unix Code, F, Filename, Finland, France, French language, Full stop, G, Gaj's Latin alphabet, Galician language, German language, Germany, Glyph, GNU Aspell, Greater-than sign, Greece, Greek alphabet, Groupe Bull, H, Halfwidth and fullwidth forms, Hebrew alphabet, Hellenic Organization for Standardization, Hewlett-Packard, Homoglyph, Hungarian language, Hungary, Hyphen-minus, I, IBM, Iceland, Icelandic language, Include directive, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Nuclear Information System, International Organization for Standardization, International Press Telecommunications Council, International Telecommunication Union, Ireland, Irish language, ISO basic Latin alphabet, ISO/IEC 2022, ISO/IEC 8859, ISO/IEC 8859-8, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2, Italian language, ITU T.50, ITU T.61, ITU-T, J, Japan, Japanese Industrial Standards, JIS X 0201, K, Katakana, KOI-7, KOI8-R, L, Less-than sign, Lje, M, Macedonian language, Malta, Maltese language, Microsoft, Microsoft Developer Network, N, National Information Standards Organization, National Replacement Character Set, Netherlands, Newline, Nje, Norway, Null character, O, OCR-B, Olivetti, P, Page break, Percent sign, Plus and minus signs, Poland, Portugal, Portuguese language, Post Office Ltd, Private Use Areas, Q, Question mark, Quotation mark, R, Romanization of Japanese, Russian language, S, Semicolon, Serbian language, Serbo-Croatian, Shift JIS, Shift Out and Shift In characters, SI 960, Slash (punctuation), Slovene language, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Software Engineering Notes, South Korea, Spain, Spanish language, Standardization Administration of China, Substitute character, Sweden, Swedish language, Swedish Standards Institute, Switzerland, Symbol (typeface), Synchronous Idle, T, Tab key, Taiwan, Telecommunication, Teleprinter, Teletex, Teletext, U, Underscore, Unicode, United Kingdom, United States, Universal Coded Character Set, V, Viewdata, W, Whitespace character, Won sign, X, Y, Yen sign, YUSCII, Z, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Expand index (179 more) »

A

A (named, plural As, A's, as, a's or aes) is the first letter and the first vowel of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Acknowledgement (data networks)

In data networking, telecommunications, and computer buses, an acknowledgement (ACK) is a signal passed between communicating processes, computers, or devices to signify acknowledgement, or receipt of message, as part of a communications protocol.

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Acute accent

The acute accent (´) is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.

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Addison-Wesley

Addison-Wesley is a publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

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AFNOR

Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR, en: French Standardization Association) is the French national organization for standardization and its International Organization for Standardization member body.

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American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

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Ampersand

The ampersand is the logogram &, representing the conjunction "and".

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ANSI C

ANSI C, ISO C and Standard C refer to the successive standards for the C programming language published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

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Apostrophe

The apostrophe ( ' or) character is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets.

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Arabic alphabet

The Arabic alphabet (الأَبْجَدِيَّة العَرَبِيَّة, or الحُرُوف العَرَبِيَّة) or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing Arabic.

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ASCII

ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication.

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ASMO 449

ASMO 449 is a 7-bit coded character set to encode the Arabic language.

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Asterisk

An asterisk (*); from Late Latin asteriscus, from Ancient Greek ἀστερίσκος, asteriskos, "little star") is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often vocalize it as star (as, for example, in the A* search algorithm or C*-algebra). In English, an asterisk is usually five-pointed in sans-serif typefaces, six-pointed in serif typefaces, and six- or eight-pointed when handwritten. It is often used to censor offensive words, and on the Internet, to indicate a correction to a previous message. The asterisk is derived from the need of the printers of family trees in feudal times for a symbol to indicate date of birth. The original shape was seven-armed, each arm like a teardrop shooting from the center. In computer science, the asterisk is commonly used as a wildcard character, or to denote pointers, repetition, or multiplication.

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B

B or b (pronounced) is the second letter of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Backslash

The backslash (\) is a typographical mark (glyph) used mainly in computing and is the mirror image of the common slash (/).

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Backspace

Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the typewriter carriage one position backwards, and in modern computer systems moves the display cursor one position backwards,"Backwards" means to the left for left-to-right languages.

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Basic Latin (Unicode block)

The Basic Latin or C0 Controls and Basic Latin Unicode block is the first block of the Unicode standard, and the only block which is encoded in one byte in UTF-8.

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Basque language

Basque (euskara) is a language spoken in the Basque country and Navarre. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and, as a language isolate, to any other known living language. The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% of Basques in all territories (751,500). Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities of Álava, and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen the language. By contrast, most of Álava, the western part of Biscay and central and southern areas of Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries, in some areas (most of Álava and central Navarre), or because it was possibly never spoken there, in other areas (Enkarterri and southeastern Navarre). Under Restorationist and Francoist Spain, public use of Basque was frowned upon, often regarded as a sign of separatism; this applied especially to those regions that did not support Franco's uprising (such as Biscay or Gipuzkoa). However, in those Basque-speaking regions that supported the uprising (such as Navarre or Álava) the Basque language was more than merely tolerated. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s. Besides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese–Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used—and easily understood by all Basque speakers—in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school. A language isolate, Basque is believed to be one of the few surviving pre-Indo-European languages in Europe, and the only one in Western Europe. The origin of the Basques and of their languages is not conclusively known, though the most accepted current theory is that early forms of Basque developed prior to the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, including the Romance languages that geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Basque has adopted a good deal of its vocabulary from the Romance languages, and Basque speakers have in turn lent their own words to Romance speakers. The Basque alphabet uses the Latin script.

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Bell character

A bell code (sometimes bell character) is a device control code originally sent to ring a small electromechanical bell on tickers and other teleprinters and teletypewriters to alert operators at the other end of the line, often of an incoming message.

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Bell Labs

Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.

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Bit

The bit (a portmanteau of binary digit) is a basic unit of information used in computing and digital communications.

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Bosnian language

The Bosnian language (bosanski / босански) is the standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian mainly used by Bosniaks.

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Bracket

A bracket is a tall punctuation mark typically used in matched pairs within text, to set apart or interject other text.

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British Standards

British Standards (BS) are the standards produced by the BSI Group which is incorporated under a Royal Charter (and which is formally designated as the National Standards Body (NSB) for the UK).

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C

C is the third letter in the English alphabet and a letter of the alphabets of many other writing systems which inherited it from the Latin alphabet.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C0 and C1 control codes

The C0 and C1 control code or control character sets define control codes for use in text by computer systems that use the ISO/IEC 2022 system of specifying control and graphic characters.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Cancel character

In telecommunication, the term cancel character has the following meanings.

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Caret

The caret is an inverted V-shaped grapheme.

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Carriage return

A carriage return, sometimes known as a cartridge return and often shortened to CR, or return, is a control character or mechanism used to reset a device's position to the beginning of a line of text.

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Catalan language

Catalan (autonym: català) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain.

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Cedilla

A cedilla (from Spanish), also known as cedilha (from Portuguese) or cédille (from French), is a hook or tail (¸) added under certain letters as a diacritical mark to modify their pronunciation.

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Character encoding

Character encoding is used to represent a repertoire of characters by some kind of encoding system.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese National Standards

The national standards of the Republic of China administering Taiwan, Penghu, Quemoy and Matsu are titled National Standards of the Republic of China (CNS) (中華民國國家標準).

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Circumflex

The circumflex is a diacritic in the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts that is used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes.

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Code page 1009

Code page 1009, also known as CP1009 (IBM) and CP20105 (Microsoft), is the International Reference Version (IRV) of ISO 646:1983 until its redefinition in ISO/IEC 646:1991.

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Code page 1010

Code page 1010, also known as CP1010, is the French version of ISO/IEC 646.

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Code page 1011

Code page 1011, also known as CP1011 (IBM), CP20106 (Microsoft) and D7DEC (Oracle) is the German version of ISO/IEC 646.

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Code page 1012

Code page 1012, also known as CP1012 or I7DEC, is IBM's code page for the Italian version of ISO 646, also known as ISO 646-IT IR 15.

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Code page 1013

Code page 1013, also known as CP1013, is the code page for the United Kingdom version of ISO 646 (ISO 646-GB / IR-4), specified in BS 4730.

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Code page 1014

Code page 1014, also known as CP1014, is IBM's code page for the Spanish version of ISO 646.

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Code page 1015

Code page 1015, also known as CP1015, is IBM's code page for the Portuguese version of ISO 646.

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Code page 1016

Code page 1016, also known as CP1016, is IBM's code page for the Norwegian version of ISO 646.

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Code page 1017

Code page 1017, also known as CP1017, is IBM's code page for the Danish version of ISO 646 (ISO-646-DK), specified in DS 2089.

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Code page 1018

Code page 1018, also known as CP1018, is IBM's code page for the Swedish and Finnish version of ISO 646 (ISO-646-FI / ISO-646-SE / IR-10), specified in SFS 4017 and SEN 850200 Annex B, SIS 63 61 27.

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Code page 1019

Code Page 1019, also known as CP1019, is the code page for the Dutch version of ISO 646.

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Code page 1020

Code page 1020, also known as CP1020, is an IBM code page number assigned to the French-Canadian variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS).

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Code page 1021

Code page 1021, also known as CP1021 or CH7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the Swiss variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS).

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Code page 1023

Code page 1023, also known as CP1023 or E7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the Spanish variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS).

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Code page 1104

Code page 1104, also known as CP1104 or F7DEC, is an IBM code page number assigned to the French variant of DEC's National Replacement Character Set (NRCS).

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Code page 437

Code page 437 is the character set of the original IBM PC (personal computer), or DOS.

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Code page 895

Code page 895 is a 7-bit character set and is Japan's national ISO 646 variant.

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Colon (punctuation)

The colon is a punctuation mark consisting of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line.

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Combining character

In digital typography, combining characters are characters that are intended to modify other characters.

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Comma

The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages.

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Croatian language

Croatian (hrvatski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighboring countries.

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CSA Group

The CSA Group (formerly the Canadian Standards Association; CSA), is a standards organization which develops standards in 57 areas.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Currency sign (typography)

The currency sign (¤) is a character used to denote an unspecified currency.

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D

D (named dee) is the fourth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Danish language

Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status.

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Delete character

In computing, the delete character (sometimes also called rubout) is the last character in the ASCII repertoire, with the code 127 (decimal).

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Deprecation

In several fields, deprecation is the discouragement of use of some terminology, feature, design, or practice, typically because it has been superseded or is no longer considered efficient or safe, without completely removing it or prohibiting its use.

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Deutsches Institut für Normung

Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (DIN; in English, the German Institute for Standardization) is the German national organization for standardization and is the German ISO member body.

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Diaeresis (diacritic)

The diaeresis (plural: diaereses), also spelled diæresis or dieresis and also known as the tréma (also: trema) or the umlaut, is a diacritical mark that consists of two dots placed over a letter, usually a vowel.

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Digraphs and trigraphs

In computer programming, digraphs and trigraphs are sequences of two and three characters, respectively, that appear in source code and, according to a programming language's specification, should be treated as if they were single characters.

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Dollar sign

The dollar sign ($ or) is a symbol primarily used to indicate the various units of currency around the world.

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Dutch language

The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.

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Dzhe

Dzhe or Gea (Џ џ; italics: Џ џ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used in Macedonian and varieties of Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Montenegrin, and Serbian) to represent the voiced retroflex affricate, something like the pronunciation of in “jump”.

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E

E (named e, plural ees) is the fifth letter and the second vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Ecma International

Ecma is a standards organization for information and communication systems.

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ELOT 927

ELOT 927 is 7-bit character set standardized by ELOT, the Hellenic Organization for Standardization (HOS).

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End-of-Text character

The End-of-Text character (ETX) (hex value of 0x03, often displayed as ^C) is an ASCII control character used to inform the receiving computer that the end of the data stream has been reached.

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End-of-Transmission character

In telecommunication, an End-of-Transmission character (EOT) is a transmission control character.

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End-of-Transmission-Block character

In the C0 control code set used in ASCII, ETB is a short name for the End-of-Transmission-Block character (code 23, or 0x17, or ^W in caret notation).

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Enquiry character

In computer communications, enquiry is a transmission-control character that requests a response from the receiving station with which a connection has been set up.

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Equals sign

The equals sign or equality sign is a mathematical symbol used to indicate equality.

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Escape character

In computing and telecommunication, an escape character is a character which invokes an alternative interpretation on subsequent characters in a character sequence.

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Exclamation mark

The exclamation mark (British English) or exclamation point (some dialects of American English) is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume (shouting), or show emphasis, and often marks the end of a sentence.

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Extended Unix Code

Extended Unix Code (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and simplified Chinese.

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F

F (named ef) is the sixth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Filename

A filename (also written as two words, file name) is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file stored in a file system.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Full stop

The full point or full stop (British and broader Commonwealth English) or period (North American English) is a punctuation mark.

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G

G (named gee) is the 7th letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Gaj's Latin alphabet

Gaj's Latin alphabet (gâj); abeceda, latinica, or gajica) is the form of the Latin script used for Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and Montenegrin). It was devised by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1835, based on Jan Hus's Czech alphabet. A slightly reduced version is used as the script of the Slovene language, and a slightly expanded version is used as a script of the modern standard Montenegrin language. A modified version is used for the romanization of the Macedonian language. Pavao Ritter Vitezović had proposed an idea for the orthography of the Croatian language, stating that every sound should have only one letter. Gaj's alphabet is currently used in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia.

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Galician language

Galician (galego) is an Indo-European language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Glyph

In typography, a glyph is an elemental symbol within an agreed set of symbols, intended to represent a readable character for the purposes of writing.

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GNU Aspell

GNU Aspell, usually called just Aspell, is a free software spell checker designed to replace Ispell.

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Greater-than sign

The greater-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values.

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Greece

No description.

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Greek alphabet

The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.

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Groupe Bull

Bull SAS (also known as Groupe Bull, Bull Information Systems, or simply Bull) is a French-owned computer company headquartered in Les Clayes-sous-Bois, in the western suburbs of Paris.

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H

H (named aitch or, regionally, haitch, plural aitches)"H" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "aitch" or "haitch", op.

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Halfwidth and fullwidth forms

In CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) computing, graphic characters are traditionally classed into fullwidth (in Taiwan and Hong Kong: 全形; in CJK: 全角) and halfwidth (in Taiwan and Hong Kong: 半形; in CJK: 半角) characters.

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Hebrew alphabet

The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script and block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language, also adapted as an alphabet script in the writing of other Jewish languages, most notably in Yiddish (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-German), Djudío (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-Spanish), and Judeo-Arabic.

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Hellenic Organization for Standardization

The Hellenic Organization for Standardization (Ελληνικός Οργανισμός Τυποποίησης, Ellīnikós Organismós Typopoíīsīs; abbreviated ΕΛΟΤ in Greek and ELOT in English) is the national standards organization for the Hellenic Republic (Greece).

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Hewlett-Packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

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Homoglyph

In orthography and typography, a homoglyph is one of two or more graphemes, characters, or glyphs with shapes that appear identical or very similar.

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Hungarian language

Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.

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Hungary

Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.

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Hyphen-minus

The hyphen-minus (-) is a character used in digital documents and computing to represent a hyphen (‐) or a minus sign (−).

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I

I (named i, plural ies) is the ninth letter and the third vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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Iceland

Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.

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Icelandic language

Icelandic (íslenska) is a North Germanic language, and the language of Iceland.

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Include directive

Many programming languages and other computer files have a directive, often called include (as well as copy and import), that causes the contents of a second file to be inserted into the original file.

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International Atomic Energy Agency

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.

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International Nuclear Information System

The International Nuclear Information System (INIS) hosts one of the world's largest collections of published information on the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology.

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International Organization for Standardization

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

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International Press Telecommunications Council

The International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC), based in London, United Kingdom, is a consortium of the world's major news agencies, other news providers and news industry vendors and acts as the global standards body of the news media.

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International Telecommunication Union

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UIT)), originally the International Telegraph Union (Union Télégraphique Internationale), is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

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Irish language

The Irish language (Gaeilge), also referred to as the Gaelic or the Irish Gaelic language, is a Goidelic language (Gaelic) of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.

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ISO basic Latin alphabet

The ISO basic Latin alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet and consists of two sets of 26 letters, codified in various national and international standards and used widely in international communication.

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ISO/IEC 2022

ISO/IEC 2022 Information technology—Character code structure and extension techniques, is an ISO standard (equivalent to the ECMA standard ECMA-35) specifying.

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ISO/IEC 8859

ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint ISO and IEC series of standards for 8-bit character encodings.

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ISO/IEC 8859-8

ISO/IEC 8859-8, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet, is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings.

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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 Coded character sets is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), that develops and facilitates standards within the field of coded character sets.

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Italian language

Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.

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ITU T.50

ITU-T recommendation T.50 specifies the International Reference Alphabet (IRA), formerly International Alphabet No.

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ITU T.61

T.61 is an ITU-T recommendation for a Teletex character set.

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ITU-T

The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is one of the three sectors (divisions or units) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU); it coordinates standards for telecommunications.

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J

J is the tenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japanese Industrial Standards

specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan.

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JIS X 0201

JIS X 0201, a Japanese Industrial Standard developed in 1969 (then called JIS C 6220 until the JIS category reform), was the first Japanese electronic character set to become widely used.

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K

K (named kay) is the eleventh letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Katakana

is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji, and in some cases the Latin script (known as rōmaji).

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KOI-7

KOI-7 (КОИ-7) is a 7-bit character encoding, designed to cover Russian, which uses the Cyrillic alphabet.

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KOI8-R

KOI8-R (RFC 1489) is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover Russian, which uses a Cyrillic alphabet.

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L

L (named el) is the twelfth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet, used in words such as lagoon, lantern, and less.

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Less-than sign

The less-than sign is a mathematical symbol that denotes an inequality between two values.

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Lje

Lje (Љ љ; italics: Љ љ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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M

M (named em) is the thirteenth letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Macedonian language

Macedonian (македонски, tr. makedonski) is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by around two million people, principally in the Republic of Macedonia and the Macedonian diaspora, with a smaller number of speakers throughout the transnational region of Macedonia.

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Malta

Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Maltese language

Maltese (Malti) is the national language of Malta and a co-official language of the country alongside English, while also serving as an official language of the European Union, the only Semitic language so distinguished.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsoft Developer Network

Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) is the portion of Microsoft responsible for managing the firm's relationship with developers and testers, such as hardware developers interested in the operating system (OS), and software developers developing on the various OS platforms or using the API or scripting languages of Microsoft's applications.

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N

N (named en) is the fourteenth letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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National Information Standards Organization

The National Information Standards Organization (NISO) is a United States non-profit standards organization that develops, maintains and publishes technical standards related to publishing, bibliographic and library applications.

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National Replacement Character Set

The National Replacement Character Set, or NRCS for short, was a feature supported by later models of Digital's (DEC) computer terminal systems, starting with the VT200 series in 1983.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Newline

Newline (frequently called line ending, end of line (EOL), line feed, or line break) is a control character or sequence of control characters in a character encoding specification, e.g. ASCII or EBCDIC.

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Nje

Nje (Њ њ; italics: Њ њ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Null character

The null character (also null terminator or null byte), abbreviated NUL, is a control character with the value zero.

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O

O (named o, plural oes) is the 15th letter and the fourth vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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OCR-B

OCR-B is a monospace font developed in 1968 by Adrian Frutiger for Monotype by following the European Computer Manufacturer's Association standard.

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Olivetti

Olivetti S.p.A. is an Italian manufacturer of typewriters, computers, tablets, smartphones, printers and other such business products as calculators and fax machines.

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P

P (named pee) is the 16th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Page break

A page break is a marker in an electronic document that tells the document interpreter that the content which follows is part of a new page.

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Percent sign

The percent (per cent) sign (%) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100.

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Plus and minus signs

The plus and minus signs (+ and −) are mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations of addition and subtraction.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.

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Post Office Ltd

Post Office Ltd (Swyddfa’r Post Cyf.; Oifis a' Phuist) is a retail post office company in the United Kingdom that provides a wide range of products including postage stamps and banking to the public through its nationwide network of post office branches.

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Private Use Areas

In Unicode, a Private Use Area (PUA) is a range of code points that, by definition, will not be assigned characters by the Unicode Consortium.

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Q

Q (named cue) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Question mark

The question mark (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism) is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages.

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Quotation mark

Quotation marks, also called quotes, quote marks, quotemarks, speech marks, inverted commas or talking marks, are punctuation marks used in pairs in various writing systems to set off direct speech, a quotation, or a phrase.

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R

R (named ar/or) is the 18th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Romanization of Japanese

The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language.

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Russian language

Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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S

S (named ess, plural esses) is the 19th letter in the Modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Semicolon

The semicolon or semi colon is a punctuation mark that separates major sentence elements.

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Serbian language

Serbian (српски / srpski) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs.

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Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian, also called Serbo-Croat, Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), or Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.

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Shift JIS

--> Shift JIS (Shift Japanese Industrial Standards, also SJIS, MIME name Shift_JIS) is a character encoding for the Japanese language, originally developed by a Japanese company called ASCII Corporation in conjunction with Microsoft and standardized as JIS X 0208 Appendix 1.

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Shift Out and Shift In characters

Shift Out (SO) and Shift In (SI) are ASCII control characters 14 and 15, respectively (0x0E and 0x0F).

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SI 960

The Israeli Standards Institute's Standard SI 960 defines a 7-bit Hebrew code page derived from but not related to ISO/IEC 646.

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Slash (punctuation)

The slash is an oblique slanting line punctuation mark.

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Slovene language

Slovene or Slovenian (slovenski jezik or slovenščina) belongs to the group of South Slavic languages.

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Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia or SFRY) was a socialist state led by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, that existed from its foundation in the aftermath of World War II until its dissolution in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars.

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Software Engineering Notes

The ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes (SEN) is published by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for the Special Interest Group on Software Engineering (SIGSOFT).

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Standardization Administration of China

The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) is the standards organization authorized by the State Council of China to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of standardization work in China.

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Substitute character

A substitute character (␚) is a control character that is used in the place of a character that is recognized to be invalid or erroneous, or that cannot be represented on a given device.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Swedish language

Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.

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Swedish Standards Institute

The Swedish Standards Institute (SIS), is an independent organization, founded in 1922, with members from the private and public sector.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Symbol (typeface)

Symbol is one of the four standard fonts available on all PostScript-based printers, starting with Apple's original LaserWriter (1985).

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Synchronous Idle

Synchronous Idle (SYN) is the ASCII control character 22 (0x16), represented as ^V in caret notation.

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T

T (named tee) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Tab key

The tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key or tabular key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next tab stop.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Telecommunication

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or information of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems.

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Teleprinter

A teleprinter (teletypewriter, Teletype or TTY) is an electromechanical typewriter that can be used to send and receive typed messages through various communications channels, in both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations.

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Teletex

Teletex was an ITU-T specification for a text and document communications service that could be provided over telephone lines.

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Teletext

Teletext (or broadcast teletext) is a television information retrieval service created in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s by the Philips Lead Designer for VDUs, John Adams.

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U

U (named u, plural ues) is the 21st letter and the fifth vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Underscore

The symbol underscore (_), also called underline, low line or low dash, is a character that originally appeared on the typewriter and was primarily used to underline words.

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Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Universal Coded Character Set

The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) is a standard set of characters defined by the International Standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings.

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V

V (named vee) is the 22nd letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Viewdata

Viewdata is a Videotex implementation.

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W

W (named double-u,Pronounced plural double-ues) is the 23rd letter of the modern English and ISO basic Latin alphabets.

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Whitespace character

In computer programming, white space is any character or series of characters that represent horizontal or vertical space in typography.

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Won sign

The won sign (₩) is a currency symbol that represents.

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X

X (named ex, plural exes) is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Y

Y (named wye, plural wyes) is the 25th and penultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Yen sign

The yen sign (¥) or the yuan sign (¥/元) is a currency sign used by the Chinese yuan (CNY) and the Japanese yen (JPY) currencies.

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YUSCII

YUSCII is an informal name for several JUS standards for 7-bit character encoding.

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Z

Z (named zed or zee "Z", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "zee", op. cit.) is the 26th and final letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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0

0 (zero) is both a number and the numerical digit used to represent that number in numerals.

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1

1 (one, also called unit, unity, and (multiplicative) identity) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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2

2 (two) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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3

3 (three) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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4

4 (four) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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5

5 (five) is a number, numeral, and glyph.

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6

6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7.

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7

7 (seven) is the natural number following 6 and preceding 8.

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8

8 (eight) is the natural number following 7 and preceding 9.

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9

9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding.

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646 (character set), CSISO10SWEDISH, CSISO11SWEDISHFORNAMES, CSISO121CANADIAN1, CSISO122CANADIAN2, CSISO141JUSIB1002, CSISO14JISC6220RO, CSISO151CUBA, CSISO15ITALIAN, CSISO16PORTUGESE, CSISO17SPANISH, CSISO21GERMAN, CSISO25FRENCH, CSISO4UNITEDKINGDOM, CSISO60DANISHNORWEGIAN, CSISO60NORWEGIAN1, CSISO61NORWEGIAN2, CSISO69FRENCH, CSISO84PORTUGUESE2, CSISO85SPANISH2, CSISO86HUNGARIAN, CSISO92JISC62991984B, CsISO2IntlRefVersion, CsISO646basic1983, DS 2089, ECMA-6, HP 0D, HP 0F, HP 0I, HP 0K, HP 0S, HP 0U, HP 1D, HP 1E, HP 1F, HP 1G, HP 1K, HP 2K, HP 2S, HP 2U, HP 3S, HP 4S, HP 5S, HP 6S, ISO 10 (character set), ISO 11 (character set), ISO 13 (character set), ISO 14 (character set), ISO 15 (character set), ISO 16 (character set), ISO 17 (character set), ISO 2 (character set), ISO 21 (character set), ISO 25 (character set), ISO 4 (character set), ISO 57 (character set), ISO 6 (character set), ISO 60 (character set), ISO 61 (character set), ISO 646, ISO 646-CA, ISO 646-CA2, ISO 646-CN, ISO 646-CU, ISO 646-DE, ISO 646-DK, ISO 646-ES, ISO 646-ES2, ISO 646-FI, ISO 646-FR, ISO 646-FR1, ISO 646-GB, ISO 646-HU, ISO 646-INV, ISO 646-IRV, ISO 646-IT, ISO 646-JP, ISO 646-JP-OCR-B, ISO 646-KR, ISO 646-NO, ISO 646-NO2, ISO 646-PT, ISO 646-PT2, ISO 646-SE, ISO 646-SE2, ISO 646-US, ISO 646-YU, ISO 646.IRV:1991, ISO 646.basic:1983, ISO 646.irv:1983, ISO 646.irv:1991, ISO 646:1967, ISO 646:1972, ISO 646:1983, ISO 646:1991, ISO 69 (character set), ISO 7-bit code, ISO 84 (character set), ISO 85 (character set), ISO R 646-1967, ISO R646, ISO R646-1967, ISO-646-CA, ISO-646-CA2, ISO-646-CN, ISO-646-CU, ISO-646-DE, ISO-646-DK, ISO-646-ES, ISO-646-ES2, ISO-646-FI, ISO-646-FR, ISO-646-FR1, ISO-646-GB, ISO-646-HU, ISO-646-INV, ISO-646-IRV, ISO-646-IT, ISO-646-JP, ISO-646-JP-OCR-B, ISO-646-KR, ISO-646-NO, ISO-646-NO2, ISO-646-PT, ISO-646-PT2, ISO-646-SE, ISO-646-SE2, ISO-646-US, ISO-646-YU, ISO-646.irv:1991, ISO-7 (character set), ISO-IR-10, ISO-IR-11, ISO-IR-121, ISO-IR-122, ISO-IR-14, ISO-IR-141, ISO-IR-15, ISO-IR-151, ISO-IR-16, ISO-IR-17, ISO-IR-21, ISO-IR-25, ISO-IR-27, ISO-IR-4, ISO-IR-57, ISO-IR-6, ISO-IR-60, ISO-IR-61, ISO-IR-69, ISO-IR-8-1, ISO-IR-84, ISO-IR-85, ISO-IR-86, ISO-IR-9-1, ISO-IR-92, ISO/CEI 646, ISO/CEI 646:1991, ISO/IEC 646-US, ISO/IEC 646:1991, ISO/R 646, ISO/R 646-1967, ISO/R646, ISO/R646-1967, ISO646, ISO646-CA, ISO646-CA2, ISO646-CN, ISO646-CU, ISO646-DE, ISO646-DK, ISO646-ES, ISO646-ES2, ISO646-FI, ISO646-FR, ISO646-FR1, ISO646-GB, ISO646-HU, ISO646-INV, ISO646-IRV, ISO646-IT, ISO646-JP, ISO646-JP-OCR-B, ISO646-KR, ISO646-NO, ISO646-NO2, ISO646-PT, ISO646-PT2, ISO646-SE, ISO646-SE2, ISO646-US, ISO646-YU, Iso 646.basic, Iso 646.basic:1983, Iso 646.irv, Iso 646.irv:1983, Iso 646.irv:1991, Iso-646, Iso-646.irv:1983, Iso-ir-10, Iso-ir-11, Iso-ir-121, Iso-ir-122, Iso-ir-14, Iso-ir-141, Iso-ir-15, Iso-ir-151, Iso-ir-16, Iso-ir-17, Iso-ir-2, Iso-ir-21, Iso-ir-25, Iso-ir-27, Iso-ir-4, Iso-ir-57, Iso-ir-60, Iso-ir-61, Iso-ir-69, Iso-ir-8-1, Iso-ir-84, Iso-ir-85, Iso-ir-86, Iso-ir-9-1, Iso-ir-92, Iso646-ca, Iso646-ca2, Iso646-cn, Iso646-cu, Iso646-de, Iso646-dk, Iso646-es, Iso646-es2, Iso646-fi, Iso646-fr, Iso646-fr1, Iso646-gb, Iso646-hu, Iso646-inv, Iso646-irv, Iso646-it, Iso646-jp, Iso646-jp-ocr-b, Iso646-kr, Iso646-no, Iso646-no2, Iso646-pt, Iso646-pt2, Iso646-se, Iso646-se2, Iso646-us, Iso646-yu, NS 4551-1, Standard ECMA-6.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_646

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