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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Index Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 263 relations: Abiotic component, Academic Press, Acenaphthene, Acenaphthylene, Adenine, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Air pollution, Algae, Aluminium, Amino acid, Anthracene, Aromaticity, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Asphalt concrete, Astrobiology Magazine, Atheroma, Atherosclerosis, Atmospheric circulation, Atomic force microscopy, Ball-and-stick model, Benz(a)anthracene, Benz(e)acephenanthrylene, Benzene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(c)fluorene, Benzo(e)pyrene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Benzo(j)fluoranthene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Big Bang, Bioaccumulation, Biodegradation, Biofuel, Biomagnification, Biomarker, Biphenyl, Bitumen, Bladder cancer, British Geological Survey, Calcium carbide, Calluna, Calorie, Cancer, Carbon, Carbon black, Carcinogen, Carcinogenesis, Cardiovascular disease, Carpathite, Catalytic converter, ... Expand index (213 more) »

  2. Astrochemistry
  3. Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Abiotic component

In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Abiotic component

Academic Press

Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Academic Press

Acenaphthene

Acenaphthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of naphthalene with an ethylene bridge connecting positions 1 and 8. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Acenaphthene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Acenaphthene

Acenaphthylene

Acenaphthylene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is an ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Acenaphthylene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Acenaphthylene

Adenine

Adenine (symbol A or Ade) is a purine nucleobase.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Adenine

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Air pollution

Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Air pollution

Algae

Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Algae

Aluminium

Aluminium (Aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Aluminium

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Amino acid

Anthracene

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Anthracene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Anthracene

Aromaticity

In organic chemistry, aromaticity is a chemical property describing the way in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibits a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Aromaticity

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (also known as AhR, AHR, ahr, ahR, AH receptor, or as the dioxin receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHR gene.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Asphalt concrete

Asphalt concrete (commonly called asphalt, blacktop, or pavement in North America, and tarmac or bitumen macadam in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland) is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Asphalt concrete

Astrobiology Magazine

Astrobiology Magazine (exploring the solar system and beyond), or Astrobiology Mag, was an American, formerly NASA-sponsored, international online popular science magazine that contained popular science content, which referred to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Astrobiology Magazine

Atheroma

An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Atheroma

Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a pattern of the disease arteriosclerosis, characterized by development of abnormalities called lesions in walls of arteries.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Atherosclerosis

Atmospheric circulation

Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Atmospheric circulation

Atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Atomic force microscopy

Ball-and-stick model

In chemistry, the ball-and-stick model is a molecular model of a chemical substance which displays both the three-dimensional position of the atoms and the bonds between them.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ball-and-stick model

Benz(a)anthracene

Benzanthracene or benzoanthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C18H12. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benz(a)anthracene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benz(a)anthracene

Benz(e)acephenanthrylene

Talk:Benz(e)acephenanthrylene#MadmanBot seems to be in error.) - please let me know if otherwise of course - in any case - Enjoy!) Drbogdan (talk) 15:53, 5 March 2014 (UTC) ---> Benzacephenanthrylene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C20H12. It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) made of four benzene rings around a 5-membered ring. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benz(e)acephenanthrylene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benz(e)acephenanthrylene

Benzene

Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and benzene are carcinogens.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzene

Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzopyrene (BaP or BP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the result of incomplete combustion of organic matter at temperatures between and. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(a)pyrene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(a)pyrene

Benzo(c)fluorene

Benzofluorene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with mutagenic activity. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(c)fluorene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(c)fluorene

Benzo(e)pyrene

Benzopyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C20H12. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(e)pyrene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(e)pyrene

Benzo(ghi)perylene

Benzoperylene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C22H12. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(ghi)perylene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(ghi)perylene

Benzo(j)fluoranthene

Benzofluoranthene (BjF) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C20H12. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(j)fluoranthene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(j)fluoranthene

Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Benzofluoranthene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C20H12. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(k)fluoranthene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Benzo(k)fluoranthene

Big Bang

The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Big Bang

Bioaccumulation

Bioaccumulation is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Bioaccumulation

Biodegradation

Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Biodegradation

Biofuel

Biofuel is a fuel that is produced over a short time span from biomass, rather than by the very slow natural processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels such as oil.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Biofuel

Biomagnification

Biomagnification, also known as bioamplification or biological magnification, is the increase in concentration of a substance, e.g a pesticide, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Biomagnification

Biomarker

In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Biomarker

Biphenyl

Biphenyl (also known as diphenyl, phenylbenzene, 1,1′-biphenyl, lemonene or BP) is an organic compound that forms colorless crystals.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Biphenyl

Bitumen

Bitumen is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Bitumen

Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is any of several types of cancer arising from the tissues of the urinary bladder.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Bladder cancer

British Geological Survey

The British Geological Survey (BGS) is a partly publicly funded body which aims to advance geoscientific knowledge of the United Kingdom landmass and its continental shelf by means of systematic surveying, monitoring and research.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and British Geological Survey

Calcium carbide

Calcium carbide, also known as calcium acetylide, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula of CaC2.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Calcium carbide

Calluna

Calluna vulgaris, common heather, ling, or simply heather, is the sole species in the genus Calluna in the flowering plant family Ericaceae.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Calluna

Calorie

The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Calorie

Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Cancer

Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Carbon

Carbon black

Carbon black (with subtypes acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of coal tar, vegetable matter, or petroleum products, including fuel oil, fluid catalytic cracking tar, and ethylene cracking in a limited supply of air.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Carbon black

Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and carcinogen are carcinogens.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Carcinogen

Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Carcinogenesis are carcinogens.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Carcinogenesis

Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Cardiovascular disease

Carpathite

Carpathite is a very rare hydrocarbon mineral, consisting of exceptionally pure coronene (C24H12), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Carpathite

Catalytic converter

A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device which converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Catalytic converter

Cell signaling

In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Cell signaling

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Chicken wire (chemistry)

In chemistry, the term chicken wire is used in different contexts.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chicken wire (chemistry)

Chimney sweeps' carcinoma

Chimney sweeps' cancer, also called soot wart or scrotal cancer, is a squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chimney sweeps' carcinoma are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chimney sweeps' carcinoma

Chirality

Chirality is a property of asymmetry important in several branches of science. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chirality are origin of life.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chirality

Chromatography

In chemical analysis, chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chromatography

Chrysene

Chrysene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with the molecular formula that consists of four fused benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chrysene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Chrysene

Clar's rule

In organic and physical organic chemistry, Clar's rule is an empirical rule that relates the chemical stability of a molecule with its aromaticity.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Clar's rule

Co-carcinogen

A co-carcinogen is a chemical that promotes the effects of a carcinogen in the production of cancer. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and co-carcinogen are carcinogens.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Co-carcinogen

Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coal

Coal gasification

In industrial chemistry, coal gasification is the process of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coal gasification

Coal mining

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coal mining

Coal tar

Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coal tar

Coke (fuel)

Coke is a grey, hard, and porous coal-based fuel with a high carbon content.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coke (fuel)

Combustion

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Combustion

Corannulene

Corannulene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C20H10. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Corannulene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Corannulene

Coronene

Coronene (also known as superbenzene and cyclobenzene) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) comprising seven peri-fused benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coronene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Coronene

Creosote

Creosote is a category of carbonaceous chemicals formed by the distillation of various tars and pyrolysis of plant-derived material, such as wood, or fossil fuel.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Creosote

Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) boundary, is a geological signature, usually a thin band of rock containing much more iridium than other bands.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary

CYP1A1

Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP1A1 gene.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and CYP1A1

CYP1A2

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the human body.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and CYP1A2

CYP1B1

Cytochrome P450 1B1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP1B1 gene.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and CYP1B1

Cytochrome

Cytochromes are redox-active proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Cytochrome

Destructive distillation

Destructive distillation is a chemical process in which decomposition of unprocessed material is achieved by heating it to a high temperature; the term generally applies to processing of organic material in the absence of air or in the presence of limited amounts of oxygen or other reagents, catalysts, or solvents, such as steam or phenols.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Destructive distillation

Detritivore

Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Detritivore

Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

Dibenzanthracene or Benzotetraphene or 1,2:5,6-Dibenzanthracene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C22H14. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

Dibenzopyrenes

Dibenzopyrenes are a group of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the molecular formula C24H14. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Dibenzopyrenes are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Dibenzopyrenes

Diesel exhaust

Diesel exhaust is the gaseous exhaust produced by a diesel type of internal combustion engine, plus any contained particulates.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Diesel exhaust

Diol

A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (groups).

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Diol

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and DNA

DNA adduct

In molecular genetics, a DNA adduct is a segment of DNA bound to a cancer-causing chemical.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and DNA adduct

DNA replication

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and DNA replication

Earliest known life forms

The earliest known life forms on Earth may be as old as 4.1 billion years old (or Ga) according to biologically fractionated graphite inside a single zircon grain in the Jack Hills range of Australia.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Earliest known life forms

Earthworm

An earthworm is a soil-dwelling terrestrial invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Annelida.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Earthworm

Enantiomer

In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''; from Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode – is one of two stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable onto their own mirror image.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Enantiomer

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Enzyme

Epidemiology

Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Epidemiology

Ernest Kennaway

Sir Ernest Laurence Kennaway FRS (23 May 1881 – 1 January 1958) was a British pathologist and Royal Medal winner.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ernest Kennaway

European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU).

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and European Commission

European Food Safety Authority

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and European Food Safety Authority

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and European Union

Exoplanet

An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Exoplanet

F number (chemistry)

F number is a correlation number used in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a descriptor of their hydrophobicity and molecular size. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and f number (chemistry) are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and F number (chemistry)

Fishery

Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or, more commonly, the site where such enterprise takes place (a.k.a., fishing grounds).

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fishery

Fluoranthene

Fluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fluoranthene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fluoranthene

Fluorene

Fluorene, or 9H-fluorene is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4)2CH2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fluorene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fluorene

Fluorescence

Fluorescence is one of two kinds of emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fluorescence

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Fluorescence spectroscopy (also known as fluorimetry or spectrofluorometry) is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy that analyzes fluorescence from a sample.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fluorescence spectroscopy

Fossil fuel

A fossil fuel is a carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and planktons), a process that occurs within geological formations.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Fossil fuel

Gap junction

Gap junctions are membrane channels between cells that allow the exchange of substances from the cytoplasm of one cell directly to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Gap junction

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Gasification

Genotoxicity

Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Genotoxicity

Graphene

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a honeycomb nanostructure.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Graphene

Graphite

Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Graphite

Greater London

Greater London is the administrative area of London, which is coterminous with the London region.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Greater London

Guanine

Guanine (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Guanine

Half-cell

In electrochemistry, a half-cell is a structure that contains a conductive electrode and a surrounding conductive electrolyte separated by a naturally occurring Helmholtz double layer.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Half-cell

Helicene

In organic chemistry, helicenes are ortho-condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds in which benzene rings or other aromatics are angularly annulated to give helically-shaped chiral molecules. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and helicene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Helicene

Heptacene

Heptacene is an organic compound and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the seventh member of the acene or polyacene family of linear fused benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Heptacene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Heptacene

Heteroatom

In chemistry, a heteroatom is, strictly, any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Heteroatom

Hexabenzocoronene

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C42H18. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Hexabenzocoronene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Hexabenzocoronene

HOMO and LUMO

In chemistry, HOMO and LUMO are types of molecular orbitals.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and HOMO and LUMO

Household air pollution

Household air pollution (HAP) is a significant form of indoor air pollution mostly relating to cooking and heating methods used in developing countries.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Household air pollution

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Hydrogen

Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Hydrogenation

Hydroxylation

In chemistry, hydroxylation can refer to.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Hydroxylation

Hypoxia (environmental)

Hypoxia (hypo: "below", oxia: "oxygenated") refers to low oxygen conditions.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Hypoxia (environmental)

Idrialite

Idrialite is a rare hydrocarbon mineral with approximate chemical formula C22H14. Idrialite usually occurs as soft orthorhombic crystals, is usually greenish yellow to light brown in color with bluish fluorescence. It is named after Idrija, town in Slovenia, where its occurrence was first described. The mineral has also been called idrialine, and branderz in German It has also been called inflammable cinnabar due to its combustibility and association with cinnabar ores in the source locality.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Idrialite

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), one of 16 PAHs generally measured in studies of environmental exposure and air pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Inflammation

Intelligence quotient

An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Intelligence quotient

International Agency for Research on Cancer

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and International Agency for Research on Cancer

Interstellar ice

Interstellar ice consists of grains of volatiles in the ice phase that form in the interstellar medium. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and interstellar ice are Astrochemistry.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Interstellar ice

Interstellar medium

The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and interstellar medium are Astrochemistry.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Interstellar medium

Invertebrate

Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Invertebrate

Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ion

Iron

Iron is a chemical element.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Iron

Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Isomer

Izrael Hieger

Izrael Hieger DSc (London) (13 June 1901 – 14 October 1986) was a biochemist whose work focused on carcinogenesis.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Izrael Hieger

James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and James Webb Space Telescope

Kilogram

The kilogram (also kilogramme) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), having the unit symbol kg.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Kilogram

Lake

A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Lake

Lipid

Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Lipid

Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Lipophilicity

Litre

The litre (British English spelling) or liter (American English spelling) (SI symbols L and l, other symbol used: ℓ) is a metric unit of volume. It is equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 0.001 cubic metres (m3). A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of (see figure) and is thus equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Litre

Liver cancer

Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, primary hepatic cancer, or primary hepatic malignancy, is cancer that starts in the liver.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Liver cancer

Logarithmic growth

In mathematics, logarithmic growth describes a phenomenon whose size or cost can be described as a logarithm function of some input.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Logarithmic growth

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and London

Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Lung cancer

Mangrove

A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mangrove

Material

A material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Material

Maximum contaminant level

Maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) are standards that are set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for drinking water quality.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Maximum contaminant level

Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Metabolism

Metalworking

Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Metalworking

Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Microorganism

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

A mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinase) is a type of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in directing cellular responses to a diverse array of stimuli, such as mitogens, osmotic stress, heat shock and proinflammatory cytokines.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mitogen-activated protein kinase

Mitosis

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mitosis

Molar mass

In chemistry, the molar mass (or molecular weight) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Molar mass

Mole (unit)

The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mole (unit)

Molecular cloud

A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery (if star formation is occurring within), is a type of interstellar cloud, the density and size of which permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Molecular cloud

Molecular mass

The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a given molecule.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Molecular mass

Mollusca

Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mollusca

Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Moon

Moorland

Moorland or moor is a type of habitat found in upland areas in temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands and montane grasslands and shrublands biomes, characterised by low-growing vegetation on acidic soils.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Moorland

Mussel

Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mussel

Mutation

In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Mutation

Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Naphthalene

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and NASA

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Natural gas

Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Natural gas

Natural rubber

Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Natural rubber

Nature Astronomy

Nature Astronomy is a peer reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Nature Astronomy

Neoplasm

A neoplasm is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Neoplasm

Neurology

Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the nervous system, which comprises the brain, the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Neurology

New Scientist

New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and New Scientist

Nonpoint source pollution

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution refers to diffuse contamination (or pollution) of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Nonpoint source pollution

Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Nucleotide

Ocean

The ocean is the body of salt water that covers approx.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ocean

Oil spill

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Oil spill

Oncogene

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Oncogene

Orbital hybridisation

In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Orbital hybridisation

Organic compound

Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Organic compound

Organic matter

Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter refers to the large source of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Organic matter

Ovalene

Ovalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the formula C32H14, which consists of ten peri-fused six-membered rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ovalene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ovalene

Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Oxidative stress

Oxygenate

To oxygenate means to impregnate, combine, or supply something with oxygen, while oxygenates are hydrocarbons containing at least one oxygen atom that are used as fuel additives to promote complete combustion in fuel mixtures.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Oxygenate

PAH world hypothesis

The PAH world hypothesis is a speculative hypothesis that proposes that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known to be abundant in the universe, including in comets, and assumed to be abundant in the primordial soup of the early Earth, played a major role in the origin of life by mediating the synthesis of RNA molecules, leading into the RNA world. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and PAH world hypothesis are origin of life and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and PAH world hypothesis

Particulates

Particulates or atmospheric particulate matter (see below for other names) are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Particulates

Passive smoking

Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Passive smoking

Pathogenesis

In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pathogenesis

Peat

Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Peat

Pentacene

Pentacene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of five linearly-fused benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pentacene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pentacene

Percivall Pott

Percivall Pott (6 January 1714, in London – 22 December 1788) was an English surgeon, one of the founders of orthopaedics, and the first scientist to demonstrate that cancer may be caused by an environmental carcinogen, namely chimney sweeps' carcinoma.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Percivall Pott

Perylene

Perylene or perilene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C20H12, occurring as a brown solid. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Perylene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Perylene

Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Petroleum

Phenalene

1H-Phenalene, often called simply phenalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and phenalene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Phenalene

Phenanthrene

Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Phenanthrene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Phenanthrene

Photodegradation

Photodegradation is the alteration of materials by light.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Photodegradation

Pi bond

In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in each of which two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pi bond

Planet

A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Planet

Pollutant

A pollutant or novel entity is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pollutant

Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pollution

Polychaete

Polychaeta is a paraphyletic class of generally marine annelid worms, commonly called bristle worms or polychaetes.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Polychaete

Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Power station

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Protein

Protoplanetary disk

A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Protoplanetary disk

Protozoa

Protozoa (protozoan or protozoon; alternative plural: protozoans) are a polyphyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, that feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic debris.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Protozoa

Purine

Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Purine

Pyrene

Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pyrene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Pyrene

Quinone

The quinones are a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of –CH.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Quinone

Radical (chemistry)

In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Radical (chemistry)

Reactive oxygen species

In chemistry and biology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen, water, and hydrogen peroxide.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Reactive oxygen species

Red Rectangle Nebula

The Red Rectangle Nebula, so called because of its red color and unique rectangular shape, is a protoplanetary nebula in the Monoceros constellation.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Red Rectangle Nebula

Reduction potential

Redox potential (also known as oxidation / reduction potential, ORP, pe, E_, or E_) is a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons from or lose electrons to an electrode and thereby be reduced or oxidised respectively.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Reduction potential

Resonance (chemistry)

In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance hybrid (or hybrid structure) in valence bond theory.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Resonance (chemistry)

Richard Doll

Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physician who became an epidemiologist in the mid-20th century and made important contributions to that discipline.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Richard Doll

Richard von Volkmann

Richard von Volkmann (17 August 1830 – 28 November 1889) was a prominent German surgeon and author of poetry and fiction.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Richard von Volkmann

River

A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and River

River Clyde

The River Clyde (Abhainn Chluaidh,, Clyde Watter, or Watter o Clyde) is a river that flows into the Firth of Clyde, in the west of Scotland.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and River Clyde

River Mersey

The River Mersey is a major river in North West England.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and River Mersey

Saturated calomel electrode

The saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is a reference electrode based on the reaction between elemental mercury and mercury(I) chloride.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Saturated calomel electrode

Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Saturn

Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Sediment

Semiconductor

A semiconductor is a material that has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Semiconductor

Sewage

Sewage (or domestic sewage, domestic wastewater, municipal wastewater) is a type of wastewater that is produced by a community of people.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Sewage

Shale oil extraction

Shale oil extraction is an industrial process for unconventional oil production.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Shale oil extraction

Skin cancer

Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Skin cancer

Soil

Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Soil

Solubility

In chemistry, solubility is the ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Solubility

Solvent

A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Solvent

Soot

Soot is a mass of impure carbon particles resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Soot

Sorption

Sorption is a physical and chemical process by which one substance becomes attached to another.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Sorption

Space.com

Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Space.com

Spanish National Research Council

The Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC) is the largest public institution dedicated to research in Spain and the third largest in Europe.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Spanish National Research Council

Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Spectroscopy

Spitzer Space Telescope

The Spitzer Space Telescope, formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), is an infrared space telescope launched in 2003, that was deactivated when operations ended on 30 January 2020.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Spitzer Space Telescope

St Bartholomew's Hospital

St Bartholomew's Hospital, commonly known as Barts, is a teaching hospital located in the City of London.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and St Bartholomew's Hospital

Star formation

Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions", collapse and form stars.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Star formation

State of matter

In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and State of matter

Steel

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Steel

Steric effects

Steric effects arise from the spatial arrangement of atoms.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Steric effects

Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Stomach cancer

Substituent

In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Substituent

Suburb

A suburb (more broadly suburban area) is an area within a metropolitan area which is predominantly residential and within commuting distance of a large city.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Suburb

Surface runoff

Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow).

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Surface runoff

Tar

Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Tar

Tetracene

Tetracene, also called naphthacene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Tetracene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Tetracene

The Astrophysical Journal

The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and The Astrophysical Journal

Tire

A tire (North American English) or tyre (Commonwealth English) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface over which the wheel travels.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Tire

Titan (moon)

Titan is the largest moon of Saturn and the second-largest in the Solar System.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Titan (moon)

Tobacco smoke

Tobacco smoke is a sooty aerosol produced by the incomplete combustion of tobacco during the smoking of cigarettes and other tobacco products.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Tobacco smoke

Tobacco smoking

Tobacco smoking is the practice of burning tobacco and ingesting the resulting smoke.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Tobacco smoking

Topology

Topology (from the Greek words, and) is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing holes, opening holes, tearing, gluing, or passing through itself.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Topology

Total organic carbon

Total organic carbon (TOC) is an analytical parameter representing the concentration of organic carbon in a sample.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Total organic carbon

Total petroleum hydrocarbon

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Total petroleum hydrocarbon

Transcription factor

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Transcription factor

Triangulene

Triangulene (also known as Clar's hydrocarbon) is the smallest triplet-ground-state polybenzenoid. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Triangulene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Triangulene

Triphenylene

Triphenylene is an organic compound with the formula (C6H4)3. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Triphenylene are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Triphenylene

Types of volcanic eruptions

Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Types of volcanic eruptions

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy or ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectrophotometry refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in part of the ultraviolet and the full, adjacent visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy

United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and United States Environmental Protection Agency

Universe

The universe is all of space and time and their contents.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Universe

Upper atmosphere

Upper atmosphere is a collective term that refers to various layers of the atmosphere of the Earth above the troposphere and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets, and includes.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Upper atmosphere

Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Urban area

Uterus

The uterus (from Latin uterus,: uteri) or womb is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more embryos until birth.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Uterus

Vascular smooth muscle

Vascular smooth muscle is the type of smooth muscle that makes up most of the walls of blood vessels.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Vascular smooth muscle

Vertebrate

Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Vertebrate

Volatility (chemistry)

In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Volatility (chemistry)

Water column

The (oceanic) water column is a concept used in oceanography to describe the physical (temperature, salinity, light penetration) and chemical (pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrient salts) characteristics of seawater at different depths for a defined geographical point.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Water column

Wildfire

A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Wildfire

Wood fuel

Wood fuel (or fuelwood) is a fuel such as firewood, charcoal, chips, sheets, pellets, and sawdust.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Wood fuel

Yamagiwa Katsusaburō

was a Japanese pathologist who carried out pioneering work into the causes of cancer, and was the first to demonstrate chemical carcinogenesis.

See Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and Yamagiwa Katsusaburō

See also

Astrochemistry

Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon

Also known as Benzenoids, Fused aromatic ring, PAHs, Polyaromatic, Polyaromatic hydrocarbon, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic hydrocarbon, Polycyclic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic, Polycylclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Polynuclear hydrocarbon.

, Cell signaling, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chicken wire (chemistry), Chimney sweeps' carcinoma, Chirality, Chromatography, Chrysene, Clar's rule, Co-carcinogen, Coal, Coal gasification, Coal mining, Coal tar, Coke (fuel), Combustion, Corannulene, Coronene, Creosote, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, Cytochrome, Destructive distillation, Detritivore, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Dibenzopyrenes, Diesel exhaust, Diol, DNA, DNA adduct, DNA replication, Earliest known life forms, Earthworm, Enantiomer, Enzyme, Epidemiology, Ernest Kennaway, European Commission, European Food Safety Authority, European Union, Exoplanet, F number (chemistry), Fishery, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Fluorescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Fossil fuel, Gap junction, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Gasification, Genotoxicity, Graphene, Graphite, Greater London, Guanine, Half-cell, Helicene, Heptacene, Heteroatom, Hexabenzocoronene, HOMO and LUMO, Household air pollution, Hydrogen, Hydrogenation, Hydroxylation, Hypoxia (environmental), Idrialite, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Inflammation, Intelligence quotient, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Interstellar ice, Interstellar medium, Invertebrate, Ion, Iron, Isomer, Izrael Hieger, James Webb Space Telescope, Kilogram, Lake, Lipid, Lipophilicity, Litre, Liver cancer, Logarithmic growth, London, Lung cancer, Mangrove, Material, Maximum contaminant level, Metabolism, Metalworking, Microorganism, Mitogen-activated protein kinase, Mitosis, Molar mass, Mole (unit), Molecular cloud, Molecular mass, Mollusca, Moon, Moorland, Mussel, Mutation, Naphthalene, NASA, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Natural gas, Natural rubber, Nature Astronomy, Neoplasm, Neurology, New Scientist, Nonpoint source pollution, Nucleotide, Ocean, Oil spill, Oncogene, Orbital hybridisation, Organic compound, Organic matter, Ovalene, Oxidative stress, Oxygenate, PAH world hypothesis, Particulates, Passive smoking, Pathogenesis, Peat, Pentacene, Percivall Pott, Perylene, Petroleum, Phenalene, Phenanthrene, Photodegradation, Pi bond, Planet, Pollutant, Pollution, Polychaete, Power station, Protein, Protoplanetary disk, Protozoa, Purine, Pyrene, Quinone, Radical (chemistry), Reactive oxygen species, Red Rectangle Nebula, Reduction potential, Resonance (chemistry), Richard Doll, Richard von Volkmann, River, River Clyde, River Mersey, Saturated calomel electrode, Saturn, Sediment, Semiconductor, Sewage, Shale oil extraction, Skin cancer, Soil, Solubility, Solvent, Soot, Sorption, Space.com, Spanish National Research Council, Spectroscopy, Spitzer Space Telescope, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Star formation, State of matter, Steel, Steric effects, Stomach cancer, Substituent, Suburb, Surface runoff, Tar, Tetracene, The Astrophysical Journal, Tire, Titan (moon), Tobacco smoke, Tobacco smoking, Topology, Total organic carbon, Total petroleum hydrocarbon, Transcription factor, Triangulene, Triphenylene, Types of volcanic eruptions, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Universe, Upper atmosphere, Urban area, Uterus, Vascular smooth muscle, Vertebrate, Volatility (chemistry), Water column, Wildfire, Wood fuel, Yamagiwa Katsusaburō.