Logo
Unionpedia
Communication
Get it on Google Play
New! Download Unionpedia on your Android™ device!
Install
Faster access than browser!
 

Islam

Index Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster). [1]

579 relations: Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abbasid Caliphate, Abraham, Abraham in Islam, Abrahamic religions, Abu Bakr, Abu Hanifa, Abu Hurairah, Abul A'la Maududi, Adam, Adam in Islam, Adhan, Adherents.com, Africa, Ahkam, Ahl al-Hadith, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ahmadiyya, Ahmadiyya by country, Al-Andalus, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Al-Ash`ari, Al-Farabi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Jahiz, Al-Ma'mun, Al-Malhama Al-Kubra, Al-Masih ad-Dajjal, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Al-Mawrid, Al-Mu'tasim, Al-Shafi‘i, Al-Tabari, Alawites, Alcoholic drink, Alevism, Algebra, Algeria, Algorithm, Ali, Ali al-Sistani, Ali Khamenei, Allah, Americas, Angel, Anger management, Aniconism in Islam, Ansar (Islam), Apostasy in Islam, ..., Aqidah, Arab Spring, Arabic, Arabic literature, Arabs, Armageddon, As-salamu alaykum, Asceticism, Ashʿari, Asia, Avicenna, Ayah, Ẓāhirī, Š-L-M, Baghdad, Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'u'lláh, Bangladesh, Barelvi, Barghawata, Basmala, Battle of Badr, Battle of Karbala, Battle of the Trench, Battle of Uhud, Bayazid Bastami, Bayt al-mal, Báb, Bábism, BBC News, Be, and it is, Beard, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, Bernard Lewis, Bid‘ah, Bier, Bilal ibn Rabah, Bimaristan, Birth rate, Brill Publishers, British Raj, Bukhara, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine–Sasanian wars, Cairo, Caliphate, Calligraphy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Caribbean, Carrion, Catholic Encyclopedia, Cato Institute, Central Intelligence Agency, Ceramic art, Chad, Challenge of the Quran, Charitable trust, China, Chinese culture, Christianity, Circa, Clinical pharmacology, Clinical trial, Common Era, Conquest of Mecca, Constitution of Medina, Council on American–Islamic Relations, Courier, Creed, Criticism of Islam, Criticism of multiculturalism, Dawah, Debt bondage, Delhi Sultanate, Deobandi, Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia, Devil, Dhu al-Hijjah, Dialectic, Din (Arabic), Divine presence, Doctor of Medicine, Druze, Dua, East Africa, Egypt, Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Election of Uthman, Elocution, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., English-speaking world, Europe, Faith, Faqīh, Fard, Fasting in Islam, Fatwa, Festival, Financial capital, Fiqh, First Fitna, Fitna (word), Fitra, Five Pillars of Islam, Five-Percent Nation, Foreign worker, Forgiveness, Freedom of thought, Gallia Narbonensis, Gender, George Saliba, Gerald J. Toomer, Ghulat, Glossary of Islam, God in Islam, Gospel in Islam, Grave, Great Mosque of Djenné, Great Mosque of Kairouan, Great Mosque of Xi'an, Great Tribulation, Greek language, Gregorian calendar, Growth of religion, Guinness World Records, Guru Nanak, Ha-Mim, Hadith, Hadith of Gabriel, Hadith studies, Hafiz (Quran), Haji Bektash Veli, Hajj, Halal, Hanafi, Hanbali, Haram, Hasan al-Basri, Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan–Muawiya treaty, Hebrew language, Hegira, Hejaz, Heliocentrism, Hell, Herbivore, Heresy, Hijab, Hinduism, Historiography of early Islam, Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire, History of Islam, Holiest sites in Islam, Holy Spirit in Islam, Honorific, Hossein Nasr, Humility, Husayn ibn Ali, Ibadah, Ibadi, Iberian Peninsula, Ibn al-Haytham, Ibn Babawayh, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Khaldun International Institute of Advanced Research, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Ibn Taymiyyah, Idolatry, Ihsan, Ijazah, Ijma, Ijtihad, Ilah, Imam, Imamate (Twelver doctrine), Iman (concept), India, Indiana, Indiana University Press, Indonesia, Indus River, Infobase Publishing, Iran, Iranian Revolution, IRIN, Islam and humanity, Islam and other religions, Islam and violence, Islam by country, Islam in Asia, Islam in Central Asia, Islam in China, Islam in Europe, Islam in Indonesia, Islam in Russia, Islam in the Americas, Islam in the Philippines, Islam: Empire of Faith, Islamic art, Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia, Islamic banking and finance, Islamic calendar, Islamic culture, Islamic economics, Islamic eschatology, Islamic ethics, Islamic funeral, Islamic Golden Age, Islamic holidays, Islamic holy books, Islamic hygienical jurisprudence, Islamic literature, Islamic missionary activity, Islamic mythology, Islamic poetry, Islamic revival, Islamic schools and branches, Islamic state, Islamic studies, Islamic view of death, Islamic views on sin, Islamism, Isma'ilism, Istanbul, Ja'far al-Sadiq, Ja'fari jurisprudence, Jahannam, Jama Masjid, Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Jannah, Java, Jerusalem, Jesus in Islam, Jews, Jihad, Jugular vein, Junayd of Baghdad, Justice, Justice and Development Party (Turkey), Kaaba, Kafir, Kalam, Kazakhstan, Khatam an-Nabiyyin, Khawarij, Khitan (circumcision), Khmer Rouge, Kingdom of Aksum, Kinship, Kurdistan, Kutub al-Sittah, Law school, Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, Library of Congress Country Studies, List of converts to Islam, List of mosques in Indonesia, List of Muslim states and dynasties, List of surahs in the Quran, Lists of Muslims, Lunar calendar, Ma'ariful-Qur'an, Madhhab, Maghreb, Mahdavia, Mahdi, Mahr, Major religious groups, Makruh, Malay Archipelago, Mali, Malik ibn Anas, Maliki, Marble, Marja', Marriage in Islam, Mathematics in medieval Islam, Mawla, Mawlawi (Islamic title), Meaning of life, Mecca, Meccan boycott of the Hashemites, Medical research, Medieval Christian views on Muhammad, Medina, Migration to Abyssinia, Minaret, Minority group, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Mishary Rashid Alafasy, Mizan, Mobilization, Modesty, Mohammedan, Mongol Empire, Monotheism, Moorish Science Temple of America, Moral character, Morality, Morality in Islam, Morocco, Moses in Islam, Moshe Sharon, Mosque, Mosque of Muhammad Ali, MSNBC, Muamalat, Muawiyah I, Mubah, Muʿtazila, Mufti, Muhajirun, Muhammad, Muhammad Abduh, Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muhammad al-Mahdi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Muhammad in Mecca, Muhammad in Medina, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Shafi Deobandi, Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Mullah, Multiculturalism, Mumin, Musa al-Kadhim, Muslim, Muslim Brotherhood, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Muslim world, Musta'li, Mustahabb, Muwatta Imam Malik, Mysticism, Nader Shah, Names of God, Names of God in Islam, Nanjing, Nation of Islam, Natural selection, Neighbourhood, New Europe (newspaper), New York University Press, Nicolaus Copernicus, Niger, Nigeria, Noah in Islam, Oath, Ogg, Omnipotence, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Orphan, Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, Pakistan, Participle, Patheos, PBS, People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Persecution of Muslims by Meccans, Persian language, Pew Research Center, Physician, Pilgrimage, Place of worship, Planet, Plural, Po-i-Kalyan, Political Islam, Polity, Polyandry, Polygyny, Polytheism, Porphyry (geology), Pre-Islamic Arabia, Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, Project Gutenberg, Prophetic biography, Prophets and messengers in Islam, Public hospital, Punjab, Qadi, Qarmatians, Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, Qira'at, Qiyamah, Qiyas, Quantification (science), Quran, Quranism, Ramadan, Rashidun, Rashidun Caliphate, Reconquista, Red Guards, Religious conversion, Religious law, Religious offense, Republic of Macedonia, Resurrection of the dead, Revelation, Riba, Ridda wars, Routledge, Rumi, Sabr, Sacerdotalism, Sadaqah, Safa and Marwa, Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, Safavid dynasty, Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, SAGE Publications, Sahabah, Sahih al-Bukhari, Salaf, Salafi movement, Salah, Salat al-Janazah, San Diego State University, Sasanian Empire, Saudi Arabia, Schools of Islamic theology, Science in the medieval Islamic world, Scientific foreknowledge in sacred texts, Scientific method, Season, Second Fitna, Secularism, Self-help, Semitic root, Senegal, Shafi‘i, Shahada, Sharia, Shawwal, Sheikh, Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, Shia Islam, Shiraz, Shirk (Islam), Sikhism, Sindh, Song dynasty, Soul, Sources of sharia, Southeast Asia, Spread of Islam, Status (law), Stoning of the Devil, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sufi–Salafi relations, Sufism, Sunnah, Sunni Islam, Surah, Syed Nomanul Haq, Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in, Tabi‘un, Tafsir, Tafsir al-Tabari, Tahrif, Taifa, Tajwid, Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Taqlid, Taqwa, Tariqa, Tatbir, Tawhid, The Book of Healing, The Canon of Medicine, The Economist, The Four Books, The New York Review of Books, The New York Times, The Oxford Dictionary of Islam, The Seven Fuqaha of Medina, The World Factbook, Theocracy, Theology, Timeline of Islamic history, Torah, Torah in Islam, Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, Tribes of Arabia, Trinity, Trust law, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkish language, Twelver, U.S. News & World Report, Ulama, Umar, Umar II, Umayyad Caliphate, Umbrella term, Ummah, Umrah, United States, University of Al Quaraouiyine, Urdu, Usury, Uthman, Uzbekistan, Visual arts, Volga Bulgaria, Wahhabism, Waqf, Women in Islam, Women's rights, World Values Survey, World War I, Worship, Xi'an, Yazdânism, Yazid I, Zaidiyyah, Zakat, Zayd ibn Ali. Expand index (529 more) »

Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib

Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (العباس بن عبد المطلب) (c.568 – c.653 CE) was a paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew.

New!!: Islam and Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib · See more »

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Abbasid Caliphate · See more »

Abraham

Abraham (Arabic: إبراهيم Ibrahim), originally Abram, is the common patriarch of the three Abrahamic religions.

New!!: Islam and Abraham · See more »

Abraham in Islam

Ibrahim (ʾIbrāhīm), known as Abraham in the Hebrew Bible, is recognized as a prophet and messenger in Islam of God.

New!!: Islam and Abraham in Islam · See more »

Abrahamic religions

The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic-originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham.

New!!: Islam and Abrahamic religions · See more »

Abu Bakr

Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq ‘Abdallāh bin Abī Quḥāfah (أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن أبي قحافة; 573 CE23 August 634 CE), popularly known as Abu Bakr (أبو بكر), was a senior companion (Sahabi) and—through his daughter Aisha—the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr became the first openly declared Muslim outside Muhammad's family.Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments, p.26, 59. UK Islamic Academy.. Abu Bakr served as a trusted advisor to Muhammad. During Muhammad's lifetime, he was involved in several campaigns and treaties.Tabqat ibn al-Saad book of Maghazi, page no:62 He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death. As caliph, Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad. He was commonly known as The Truthful (الصديق). Abu Bakr's reign lasted for 2 years, 2 months, 2 weeks and 1 day ending with his death after an illness.

New!!: Islam and Abu Bakr · See more »

Abu Hanifa

Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit b. Zūṭā b. Marzubān (أبو حنيفة نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان; c. 699 – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims, was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, “Abū Ḥanīfa”, in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.

New!!: Islam and Abu Hanifa · See more »

Abu Hurairah

Abū Hurayrah al-Dawsiyy al-Zahrāniyy (أبو هريرة الدوسي الزهراني‎; 603–681), often spelled Abu Hurairah, was one of the sahabah (companions) of Muhammad and, according to Sunni Islam, the most prolific narrator of hadith.

New!!: Islam and Abu Hurairah · See more »

Abul A'la Maududi

Syed Abul A'la Maududi Chishti (ابو الاعلی مودودی – alternative spellings of last name Maudoodi, Mawdudi, also known as Abul Ala Maududi; –) was a Muslim philosopher, jurist, journalist and imam.

New!!: Islam and Abul A'la Maududi · See more »

Adam

Adam (ʾĀdam; Adám) is the name used in the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis for the first man created by God, but it is also used in a collective sense as "mankind" and individually as "a human".

New!!: Islam and Adam · See more »

Adam in Islam

Âdam or Aadam (ʾĀdam) is believed to have been the first human being and Nabi (نَـبِي, Prophet) on Earth, in Islam.

New!!: Islam and Adam in Islam · See more »

Adhan

The adhan, athan, or azaan (أَذَان) (also called in Turkish: Ezan) is the Islamic call to worship, recited by the muezzin at prescribed times of the day.

New!!: Islam and Adhan · See more »

Adherents.com

Adherents.com is a website that collects and presents information on religious demographics, established in 1998.

New!!: Islam and Adherents.com · See more »

Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

New!!: Islam and Africa · See more »

Ahkam

Ahkam (أحكام "provisions", plural of (حُكْم)) is an Islamic term with several meanings.

New!!: Islam and Ahkam · See more »

Ahl al-Hadith

Ahl al-Hadith (أهل الحديث, "The people of hadith"; also Așḥāb al-ḥadīṯ; أصحاب الحديث, "The adherents of hadith") first emerged in the 2nd/3rd Islamic centuries as a movement of hadith scholars who considered the Quran and authentic hadith to be the only authority in matters of law and creed.

New!!: Islam and Ahl al-Hadith · See more »

Ahmad ibn Hanbal

Aḥmad bin Muḥammad bin Ḥanbal Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Shaybānī (احمد بن محمد بن حنبل ابو عبد الله الشيباني; 780–855 CE/164–241 AH), often referred to as Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal or Ibn Ḥanbal for short, or reverentially as Imam Aḥmad by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurist, theologian, ascetic, and hadith traditionist.

New!!: Islam and Ahmad ibn Hanbal · See more »

Ahmadiyya

Ahmadiyya (officially, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at; الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية, transliterated: al-Jamā'ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Aḥmadiyyah; احمدیہ مسلم جماعت) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, in the late 19th century.

New!!: Islam and Ahmadiyya · See more »

Ahmadiyya by country

Ahmadiyya is an Islamic religious movement founded in India near the end of the 19th century by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies of the world's reformer during the end times, who was to herald the Eschaton as predicted in the traditions of various world religions and bring about the final triumph of Islam according to Islamic prophecy.

New!!: Islam and Ahmadiyya by country · See more »

Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.

New!!: Islam and Al-Andalus · See more »

Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al-Aqsa Mosque (Al-Masjid al-Aqṣā,, "the Farthest Mosque"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam.

New!!: Islam and Al-Aqsa Mosque · See more »

Al-Ash`ari

Al-Ashʿarī (الأشعري.; full name: Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī ibn Ismāʿīl ibn Isḥāq al-Ashʿarī; c. 874–936 (AH 260–324), reverentially Imām al-Ashʿarī) was an Arab Sunni Muslim scholastic theologian and eponymous founder of Ashʿarism or Asharite theology, which would go on to become "the most important theological school in Sunni Islam".

New!!: Islam and Al-Ash`ari · See more »

Al-Farabi

Al-Farabi (known in the West as Alpharabius; c. 872 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951) was a renowned philosopher and jurist who wrote in the fields of political philosophy, metaphysics, ethics and logic.

New!!: Islam and Al-Farabi · See more »

Al-Ghazali

Al-Ghazali (full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī أبو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالي; latinized Algazelus or Algazel, – 19 December 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mysticsLudwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.109.

New!!: Islam and Al-Ghazali · See more »

Al-Ikhlas

Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ (سورة الإخلاص, "Fidelity" or "Sincerity"), also known as Sūrat al-Tawḥīd (سورة التوحيد, "Monotheism") is the 112th sūra of the Qur'an.

New!!: Islam and Al-Ikhlas · See more »

Al-Jahiz

al-Jāḥiẓ (الجاحظ) (full name Abū ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī al-Baṣrī أبو عثمان عمرو بن بحر الكناني البصري) (born 776, in Basra – December 868/January 869) was an Arab prose writer and author of works of literature, Mu'tazili theology, and politico-religious polemics.

New!!: Islam and Al-Jahiz · See more »

Al-Ma'mun

Abu al-Abbas al-Maʾmūn ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (أبو العباس المأمون; September 786 – 9 August 833) was the seventh Abbasid caliph, who reigned from 813 until his death in 833.

New!!: Islam and Al-Ma'mun · See more »

Al-Malhama Al-Kubra

Al-Malhama Al-Kubra, or the “Great Battle” is the prophesied battle between Muslim and disbeliever armies, during the end times.

New!!: Islam and Al-Malhama Al-Kubra · See more »

Al-Masih ad-Dajjal

Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (المسيح الدجّال, "the false messiah, liar, the deceiver") is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology.

New!!: Islam and Al-Masih ad-Dajjal · See more »

Al-Masjid an-Nabawi

The Prophet's Mosque (Classical ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـدُ ٱلـنَّـبَـوِيّ, Al-Masjidun-Nabawiyy; Modern Standard ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـدْ اَلـنَّـبَـوِي, Al-Masjid An-Nabawī) is a mosque established and originally built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina in the Hejazi region of Saudi Arabia.

New!!: Islam and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi · See more »

Al-Mawrid

Al-Mawrid is an Islamic research institute in Lahore, Pakistan founded in 1983 and then re-established in 1991.

New!!: Islam and Al-Mawrid · See more »

Al-Mu'tasim

Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim bi’llāh (المعتصم بالله, "he who seeks refuge in God"), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 to his death in 842.

New!!: Islam and Al-Mu'tasim · See more »

Al-Shafi‘i

Abū ʿAbdullāh Muhammad ibn Idrīs al-Shāfiʿī (أبـو عـبـد الله مـحـمـد ابـن إدريـس الـشـافـعيّ) (767-820 CE, 150-204 AH) was an Arab Muslim theologian, writer, and scholar, who was the first contributor of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Uṣūl al-fiqh).

New!!: Islam and Al-Shafi‘i · See more »

Al-Tabari

Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī (محمد بن جریر طبری, أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير بن يزيد الطبري) (224–310 AH; 839–923 AD) was an influential Persian scholar, historian and exegete of the Qur'an from Amol, Tabaristan (modern Mazandaran Province of Iran), who composed all his works in Arabic.

New!!: Islam and Al-Tabari · See more »

Alawites

The Alawis, also rendered as Alawites (علوية Alawiyyah/Alawīyah), are a syncretic sect of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, primarily centered in Syria.

New!!: Islam and Alawites · See more »

Alcoholic drink

An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.

New!!: Islam and Alcoholic drink · See more »

Alevism

Alevism (Alevîlik or Anadolu Alevîliği/Alevileri, also called Qizilbash, or Shī‘ah Imāmī-Tasawwufī Ṭarīqah, or Shīʿah-ī Bāṭen’īyyah) is a syncretic, heterodox, and local tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical (''bāṭenī'') teachings of Ali, the Twelve Imams, and a descendant—the 13th century Alevi saint Haji Bektash Veli.

New!!: Islam and Alevism · See more »

Algebra

Algebra (from Arabic "al-jabr", literally meaning "reunion of broken parts") is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis.

New!!: Islam and Algebra · See more »

Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

New!!: Islam and Algeria · See more »

Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.

New!!: Islam and Algorithm · See more »

Ali

Ali (ʿAlī) (15 September 601 – 29 January 661) was the cousin and the son-in-law of Muhammad, the last prophet of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Ali · See more »

Ali al-Sistani

Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husseini al-Sistani (السيد علي الحسيني السيستاني), or Sayyed Ali Hosseini Sistani (سید علی حسینی سیستانی), commonly known as Ayatollah Sistani in the Western world (born August 4, 1930 in Mashhad), is an Iranian Shia marja in Iraq and the head of many of the seminaries (Hawzahs) in Najaf.

New!!: Islam and Ali al-Sistani · See more »

Ali Khamenei

Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای,; born 17 July 1939) is a ''marja'' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989.

New!!: Islam and Ali Khamenei · See more »

Allah

Allah (translit) is the Arabic word for God in Abrahamic religions.

New!!: Islam and Allah · See more »

Americas

The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.

New!!: Islam and Americas · See more »

Angel

An angel is generally a supernatural being found in various religions and mythologies.

New!!: Islam and Angel · See more »

Anger management

Anger management is a psycho-therapeutic program for anger prevention and control.

New!!: Islam and Anger management · See more »

Aniconism in Islam

Aniconism is a proscription in Islam against the creation of images of sentient beings.

New!!: Islam and Aniconism in Islam · See more »

Ansar (Islam)

Ansar (الأنصار, "The Helpers") is an Islamic term for the local inhabitants of Medina who took the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and his followers (the Muhajirun) into their homes when they emigrated from Mecca (hijra).

New!!: Islam and Ansar (Islam) · See more »

Apostasy in Islam

Apostasy in Islam (ردة or ارتداد) is commonly defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a Muslim in word or through deed.

New!!: Islam and Apostasy in Islam · See more »

Aqidah

Aqidah (ʿaqīdah, plural عقائد ʿaqāʾid, also rendered ʿaqīda, aqeeda etc.) is an Islamic term meaning "creed" p. 470.

New!!: Islam and Aqidah · See more »

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring (الربيع العربي ar-Rabīʻ al-ʻArabī), also referred to as Arab Revolutions (الثورات العربية aṯ-'awrāt al-ʻarabiyyah), was a revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups, foreign interventions, and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East that began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia with the Tunisian Revolution.

New!!: Islam and Arab Spring · See more »

Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

New!!: Islam and Arabic · See more »

Arabic literature

Arabic literature (الأدب العربي / ALA-LC: al-Adab al-‘Arabī) is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by writers in the Arabic language.

New!!: Islam and Arabic literature · See more »

Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

New!!: Islam and Arabs · See more »

Armageddon

According to the Book of Revelation in the New Testament of the Bible, Armageddon (from Ἁρμαγεδών Harmagedōn, Late Latin: Armagedōn, from Hebrew: Har Megiddo) is the prophesied location of a gathering of armies for a battle during the end times, variously interpreted as either a literal or a symbolic location.

New!!: Islam and Armageddon · See more »

As-salamu alaykum

As-salāmu ʿalaykum (السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ) is a greeting in Arabic that means "peace be upon you".

New!!: Islam and As-salamu alaykum · See more »

Asceticism

Asceticism (from the ἄσκησις áskesis, "exercise, training") is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.

New!!: Islam and Asceticism · See more »

Ashʿari

Ashʿarism or Ashʿari theology (الأشعرية al-ʾAšʿarīyya or الأشاعرة al-ʾAšāʿira) is the foremost theological school of Sunni Islam which established an orthodox dogmatic guideline based on clerical authority, founded by Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿari (d. AD 936 / AH 324).

New!!: Islam and Ashʿari · See more »

Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

New!!: Islam and Asia · See more »

Avicenna

Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.

New!!: Islam and Avicenna · See more »

Ayah

In the Islamic Quran, an Āyah (آية; plural: āyāt آيات) is a "verse".

New!!: Islam and Ayah · See more »

Ẓāhirī

Ẓāhirī (ظاهري) madhhab or al-Ẓāhirīyyah (الظاهرية) is a school of thought in Islamic jurisprudence founded by Dawud al-Zahiri in the 9th century CE, characterised by reliance on the manifest (zahir) meaning of expressions in the Qur'an and hadith, as well as rejection of analogical deduction (qiyas).

New!!: Islam and Ẓāhirī · See more »

Š-L-M

Shin-Lamedh-Mem is the triconsonantal root of many Semitic words, and many of those words are used as names.

New!!: Islam and Š-L-M · See more »

Baghdad

Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.

New!!: Islam and Baghdad · See more »

Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.

New!!: Islam and Bahá'í Faith · See more »

Bahá'u'lláh

Bahá'u'lláh (بهاء الله, "Glory of God"; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892 and Muharram 2, 1233 - Dhu'l Qa'dah 2, 1309), born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Núrí (میرزا حسین‌علی نوری), was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.

New!!: Islam and Bahá'u'lláh · See more »

Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

New!!: Islam and Bangladesh · See more »

Barelvi

Barelvi (بَریلوِی) is a movement following the Sunni Hanafi school of jurisprudence, with over 200 million followers in South Asia.

New!!: Islam and Barelvi · See more »

Barghawata

The Barghawatas (also Barghwata or Berghouata) were a group of Berber tribes on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, belonging to the Masmuda confederacy.

New!!: Islam and Barghawata · See more »

Basmala

The Basmala (بسملة), also known by its incipit Bismillah (بسم الله, "In the name of God"), is the name of the Islamic phrase بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ "In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful".

New!!: Islam and Basmala · See more »

Battle of Badr

The Battle of Badr (غزوة بدر), fought on Tuesday, 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH in the Islamic calendar) in the Hejaz region of western Arabia (present-day Saudi Arabia), was a key battle in the early days of Islam and a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca.

New!!: Islam and Battle of Badr · See more »

Battle of Karbala

The Battle of Karbala took place on Muharram 10, in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar (October 10, 680 AD) in Karbala, in present-day Iraq.

New!!: Islam and Battle of Karbala · See more »

Battle of the Trench

The Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq) also known as the Battle of the Confederates (Ghazwat al-Ahzab), was a 30-day-long siege of Yathrib (now Medina) by Arab and Jewish tribes. The strength of the confederate armies is estimated around 10,000 men with six hundred horses and some camels, while the Medinan defenders numbered 3,000. The largely outnumbered defenders of Medina, mainly Muslims led by Islamic prophet Muhammad, dug a trench on the suggestion of Salman Farsi, which together with Medina's natural fortifications, rendered the confederate cavalry (consisting of horses and camels) useless, locking the two sides in a stalemate. Hoping to make several attacks at once, the confederates persuaded the Muslim-allied Medinan Jews, Banu Qurayza, to attack the city from the south. However, Muhammad's diplomacy derailed the negotiations, and broke up the confederacy against him. The well-organised defenders, the sinking of confederate morale, and poor weather conditions caused the siege to end in a fiasco. The siege was a "battle of wits", in which the Muslims tactically overcame their opponents while suffering very few casualties. Efforts to defeat the Muslims failed, and Islam became influential in the region. As a consequence, the Muslim army besieged the area of the Banu Qurayza tribe, leading to their surrender and enslavement or execution. The defeat caused the Meccans to lose their trade and much of their prestige.

New!!: Islam and Battle of the Trench · See more »

Battle of Uhud

The Battle of Uhud (غزوة أحد) was a battle between the early Muslims and their Quraish Meccan enemies in AD 624 in the northwest of the Arabian peninsula.

New!!: Islam and Battle of Uhud · See more »

Bayazid Bastami

Abū Yazīd Ṭayfūr b. ʿĪsā b. Surūshān al-Bisṭāmī (al-Basṭāmī) (d. 261/874–5 or 234/848–9), commonly known in the Iranian world as Bāyazīd Bisṭāmī (بایزید بسطامی), was a PersianWalbridge, John.

New!!: Islam and Bayazid Bastami · See more »

Bayt al-mal

Bayt al-mal (بيت المال) is an Arabic term that is translated as "House of money" or "House of Wealth." Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate.

New!!: Islam and Bayt al-mal · See more »

Báb

The Báb, born Siyyid `Alí Muhammad Shírází (سيد علی ‌محمد شیرازی; October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of the central figures of the Bahá'í Faith.

New!!: Islam and Báb · See more »

Bábism

Bábism (بابیه, Babiyye), also known as the Bayání Faith (Persian:, Bayání), is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is one incorporeal, unknown, and incomprehensible GodBrowne, E.G., p. 15 who manifests his will in an unending series of theophanies, called Manifestations of God (Arabic). It has no more than a few thousand adherents according to current estimates, most of whom are concentrated in Iran.

New!!: Islam and Bábism · See more »

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

New!!: Islam and BBC News · See more »

Be, and it is

"Be, and it is" (كن فيكون) is a phrase that occurs several times in the Qur'an.

New!!: Islam and Be, and it is · See more »

Beard

A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some non-human animals.

New!!: Islam and Beard · See more »

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs

The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs is an academic research center at Georgetown University in Washington, DC dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of religion, ethics, and politics.

New!!: Islam and Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs · See more »

Bernard Lewis

Bernard Lewis, FBA (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British American historian specializing in oriental studies.

New!!: Islam and Bernard Lewis · See more »

Bid‘ah

In Islam, bid‘ah (بدعة; innovation) refers to innovation in religious matters.

New!!: Islam and Bid‘ah · See more »

Bier

A bier is a stand on which a corpse, coffin, or casket containing a corpse, is placed to lie in state or to be carried to the grave.

New!!: Islam and Bier · See more »

Bilal ibn Rabah

Bilal ibn Rabah (بلال ابن رباح‎; 580–640 AD) also known as Bilal al-Habashi, Bilal ibn Riyah, and ibn Rabah), was one of the most trusted and loyal Sahabah (companions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was born in Mecca and is considered as the first muezzin, chosen by Muhammad himself.Robinson, David.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. He was known for his beautiful voice with which he called people to their prayers. He died in 640, at the age of 57.

New!!: Islam and Bilal ibn Rabah · See more »

Bimaristan

Bimaristan is a Persian word (بیمارستان bīmārestān) meaning "hospital", with Bimar- from Middle Persian (Pahlavi) of vīmār or vemār, meaning "sick" plus -stan as location and place suffix.

New!!: Islam and Bimaristan · See more »

Birth rate

The birth rate (technically, births/population rate) is the total number of live births per 1,000 in a population in a year or period.

New!!: Islam and Birth rate · See more »

Brill Publishers

Brill (known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill Academic Publishers) is a Dutch international academic publisher founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands.

New!!: Islam and Brill Publishers · See more »

British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

New!!: Islam and British Raj · See more »

Bukhara

Bukhara (Uzbek Latin: Buxoro; Uzbek Cyrillic: Бухоро) is a city in Uzbekistan.

New!!: Islam and Bukhara · See more »

Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).

New!!: Islam and Byzantine Empire · See more »

Byzantine–Sasanian wars

The Byzantine–Sassanid wars, also known as the Irano-Byzantine wars refers to a series of conflicts between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire and the Sassanian Empire of Persia.

New!!: Islam and Byzantine–Sasanian wars · See more »

Cairo

Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.

New!!: Islam and Cairo · See more »

Caliphate

A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).

New!!: Islam and Caliphate · See more »

Calligraphy

Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing.

New!!: Islam and Calligraphy · See more »

Cambridge

Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately north of London.

New!!: Islam and Cambridge · See more »

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

New!!: Islam and Cambridge University Press · See more »

Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

New!!: Islam and Caribbean · See more »

Carrion

Carrion (from Latin caro, meaning "meat") is the decaying flesh of a dead animal.

New!!: Islam and Carrion · See more »

Catholic Encyclopedia

The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Roman Catholic Church.

New!!: Islam and Catholic Encyclopedia · See more »

Cato Institute

The Cato Institute is an American libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. It was founded as the Charles Koch Foundation in 1974 by Ed Crane, Murray Rothbard, and Charles Koch, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the conglomerate Koch Industries.

New!!: Islam and Cato Institute · See more »

Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

New!!: Islam and Central Intelligence Agency · See more »

Ceramic art

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay.

New!!: Islam and Ceramic art · See more »

Chad

Chad (تشاد; Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad ("Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in Central Africa.

New!!: Islam and Chad · See more »

Challenge of the Quran

The challenge of the Quran or Tahaddi (Arabic: تحدي), in Islamic theology, is the invitation to challenge Islam and the Quran.

New!!: Islam and Challenge of the Quran · See more »

Charitable trust

A charitable trust is an irrevocable trust established for charitable purposes and, in some jurisdictions, a more specific term than "charitable organization".

New!!: Islam and Charitable trust · See more »

China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

New!!: Islam and China · See more »

Chinese culture

Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest cultures, originating thousands of years ago.

New!!: Islam and Chinese culture · See more »

Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

New!!: Islam and Christianity · See more »

Circa

Circa, usually abbreviated c., ca. or ca (also circ. or cca.), means "approximately" in several European languages (and as a loanword in English), usually in reference to a date.

New!!: Islam and Circa · See more »

Clinical pharmacology

Clinical pharmacology is the science of drugs and their clinical use.

New!!: Islam and Clinical pharmacology · See more »

Clinical trial

Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.

New!!: Islam and Clinical trial · See more »

Common Era

Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.

New!!: Islam and Common Era · See more »

Conquest of Mecca

The conquest of Mecca (فتح مكة) refers to the event when Mecca was conquered by Muslims led by Muhammad on 11 January, 630 AD, (Julian), 20 Ramadan, 8 AH.

New!!: Islam and Conquest of Mecca · See more »

Constitution of Medina

The Constitution of Medina (دستور المدينة, Dustūr al-Madīnah), also known as the Charter of Medina (صحيفة المدينة, Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīnah; or: ميثاق المدينة, Mīthāq al-Madīnah), was drawn up on behalf of the Islamic prophet Muhammad shortly after his arrival at Medina (then known as Yathrib) in 622 CE argues that the initial agreement was shortly after the Hijra and the document was amended later, after the Battle of Badr (AH 2,.

New!!: Islam and Constitution of Medina · See more »

Council on American–Islamic Relations

The Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) is a Muslim civil rights and advocacy group.

New!!: Islam and Council on American–Islamic Relations · See more »

Courier

A courier is a company that delivers messages, packages, and mail.

New!!: Islam and Courier · See more »

Creed

A creed (also known as a confession, symbol, or statement of faith) is a statement of the shared beliefs of a religious community in the form of a fixed formula summarizing core tenets.

New!!: Islam and Creed · See more »

Criticism of Islam

Criticism of Islam has existed since its formative stages.

New!!: Islam and Criticism of Islam · See more »

Criticism of multiculturalism

Criticism of multiculturalism questions the ideal of the maintenance of distinct ethnic cultures within a country.

New!!: Islam and Criticism of multiculturalism · See more »

Dawah

(also daawa or daawah; دعوة "invitation") is the proselytizing or preaching of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Dawah · See more »

Debt bondage

Debt bondage, also known as debt slavery or bonded labour, is a person's pledge of labour or services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation, where there is no hope of actually repaying the debt.

New!!: Islam and Debt bondage · See more »

Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

New!!: Islam and Delhi Sultanate · See more »

Deobandi

Deobandi (Pashto and دیو بندی, دیو بندی, দেওবন্দী, देवबन्दी) is a revivalist movement within Sunni (primarily Hanafi) Islam.

New!!: Islam and Deobandi · See more »

Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia

The destruction of sites associated with early Islam is an ongoing phenomenon that has occurred mainly in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, particularly around the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.

New!!: Islam and Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia · See more »

Devil

A devil (from Greek: διάβολος diábolos "slanderer, accuser") is the personification and archetype of evil in various cultures.

New!!: Islam and Devil · See more »

Dhu al-Hijjah

Dhu'l-Hijjah or alternatively Zulhijja (ذو الحجة; properly transliterated, also called Zil-Hajj) is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic calendar.

New!!: Islam and Dhu al-Hijjah · See more »

Dialectic

Dialectic or dialectics (διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.

New!!: Islam and Dialectic · See more »

Din (Arabic)

Din (Dīn, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word that roughly means "creed" or "religion".

New!!: Islam and Din (Arabic) · See more »

Divine presence

Divine presence, presence of God, Inner God, or simply presence is a concept in religion, spirituality, and theology that deals with the ability of a god or gods to be "present" with human beings.

New!!: Islam and Divine presence · See more »

Doctor of Medicine

A Doctor of Medicine (MD from Latin Medicinae Doctor) is a medical degree, the meaning of which varies between different jurisdictions.

New!!: Islam and Doctor of Medicine · See more »

Druze

The Druze (درزي or, plural دروز; דרוזי plural דרוזים) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as unitarians (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Muwahhidun).

New!!: Islam and Druze · See more »

Dua

In the terminology of Islam, (دُعَاء, plural: أدْعِيَة; archaically transliterated Doowa), literally meaning "invocation", is an act of supplication.

New!!: Islam and Dua · See more »

East Africa

East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography.

New!!: Islam and East Africa · See more »

Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

New!!: Islam and Egypt · See more »

Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha (lit), also called the "Festival of Sacrifice", is the second of two Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year (the other being Eid al-Fitr), and considered the holier of the two.

New!!: Islam and Eid al-Adha · See more »

Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Fitr (عيد الفطر) is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm).

New!!: Islam and Eid al-Fitr · See more »

Election of Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan, the third caliph, was chosen by a council meeting in Medina, in northwestern Arabia, in.

New!!: Islam and Election of Uthman · See more »

Elocution

Elocution is the study of formal speaking in pronunciation, grammar, style, and tone.

New!!: Islam and Elocution · See more »

Encyclopaedia of Islam

The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is an encyclopaedia of the academic discipline of Islamic studies published by Brill.

New!!: Islam and Encyclopaedia of Islam · See more »

Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān

The Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān (abbreviated EQ) is an encyclopedia dedicated to the Qur'an published with Brill.

New!!: Islam and Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān · See more »

Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

New!!: Islam and Encyclopædia Britannica · See more »

Encyclopædia Britannica Online

Encyclopædia Britannica Online is the website of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. and its Encyclopædia Britannica, with more than 120,000 articles that are updated regularly.

New!!: Islam and Encyclopædia Britannica Online · See more »

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. is a Scottish-founded, now American company best known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopedia.

New!!: Islam and Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. · See more »

English-speaking world

Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.

New!!: Islam and English-speaking world · See more »

Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

New!!: Islam and Europe · See more »

Faith

In the context of religion, one can define faith as confidence or trust in a particular system of religious belief, within which faith may equate to confidence based on some perceived degree of warrant, in contrast to the general sense of faith being a belief without evidence.

New!!: Islam and Faith · See more »

Faqīh

A Faqīh (plural Fuqahā') (فقيه, pl.) is an Islamic jurist, an expert in fiqh, or Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic Law.

New!!: Islam and Faqīh · See more »

Fard

(فرض) or (فريضة) is an Islamic term which denotes a religious duty commanded by Allah (God).

New!!: Islam and Fard · See more »

Fasting in Islam

Fasting in Islam, known as Sawm (صَوْم) or Siyām (صِيَام), the Arabic words for fasting, also commonly known as Rūzeh or Rōzah (روزه) in some Muslim countries, is the practice of abstaining, usually from food and drink.

New!!: Islam and Fasting in Islam · See more »

Fatwa

A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.

New!!: Islam and Fatwa · See more »

Festival

A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect of that community and its religion or cultures.

New!!: Islam and Festival · See more »

Financial capital

Financial capital is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based, i.e. retail, corporate, investment banking, etc.

New!!: Islam and Financial capital · See more »

Fiqh

Fiqh (فقه) is Islamic jurisprudence.

New!!: Islam and Fiqh · See more »

First Fitna

The First Fitna (فتنة مقتل عثمان fitnat maqtal ʿUthmān "strife/sedition of the killing of Uthman") was a civil war within the Rashidun Caliphate which resulted in the overthrowing of the Rashidun caliphs and the establishment of the Umayyad dynasty.

New!!: Islam and First Fitna · See more »

Fitna (word)

Fitna (or, pl.; فتنة, فتن: "temptation, trial; sedition, civil strife"Wehr (1976), p. 696.) is an Arabic word with extensive connotations of trial, affliction, or distress.

New!!: Islam and Fitna (word) · See more »

Fitra

Fitra, or fitrah (ALA-LC), is an Arabic word that has no exact English equivalent although it has been translated as 'primordial human nature', and as "instinct".

New!!: Islam and Fitra · See more »

Five Pillars of Islam

The Five Pillars of Islam (أركان الإسلام; also أركان الدين "pillars of the religion") are five basic acts in Islam, considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life.

New!!: Islam and Five Pillars of Islam · See more »

Five-Percent Nation

The Five-Percent Nation, sometimes referred to as NGE or NOGE, the Nation of Gods and Earths, or the Five Percenters, is a movement founded in 1964 in the Harlem section of the borough of Manhattan, New York City, by a former member of the Nation of Islam (NOI), Clarence 13X, who was named Clarence Edward Smith at birth, and who ultimately came to be known as Allah the Father.

New!!: Islam and Five-Percent Nation · See more »

Foreign worker

A foreign worker or guest worker is a human who works in a country other than the one of which he or she is a citizen.

New!!: Islam and Foreign worker · See more »

Forgiveness

Forgiveness is the intentional and voluntary process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and attitude regarding an offense, lets go of negative emotions such as vengefulness, forswears recompense from or punishment of the offender, however legally or morally justified it might be, and with an increased ability to wish the offender well.

New!!: Islam and Forgiveness · See more »

Freedom of thought

Freedom of thought (also called freedom of conscience or ideas) is the freedom of an individual to hold or consider a fact, viewpoint, or thought, independent of others' viewpoints.

New!!: Islam and Freedom of thought · See more »

Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

New!!: Islam and Gallia Narbonensis · See more »

Gender

Gender is the range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity.

New!!: Islam and Gender · See more »

George Saliba

George Saliba is Professor of Arabic and Islamic Science at the Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies, Columbia University, New York, USA, where he has been since 1979.

New!!: Islam and George Saliba · See more »

Gerald J. Toomer

Gerald James Toomer (born 23 November 1934) is a historian of astronomy and mathematics who has written numerous books and papers on ancient Greek and medieval Islamic astronomy.

New!!: Islam and Gerald J. Toomer · See more »

Ghulat

Ghulāt (lit, singular ghālī) is a term used in the theology of Shia Islam to describe some minority Muslim groups who either ascribe divine characteristics to figures of Islamic history (usually a member of the Ahl al-Bayt) or hold beliefs deemed deviant by mainstream Shi'i theology.

New!!: Islam and Ghulat · See more »

Glossary of Islam

The following list consists of notable concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language.

New!!: Islam and Glossary of Islam · See more »

God in Islam

In Islam, God (Allāh, contraction of الْإِلٰه al-ilāh, lit. "the god") is indivisible, the God, the absolute one, the all-powerful and all-knowing ruler of the universe, and the creator of everything in existence within the universe.

New!!: Islam and God in Islam · See more »

Gospel in Islam

Injil (ʾInjīl, alternative spellings: Ingil or Injeel) is the Arabic name for the Gospel of Jesus (Isa).

New!!: Islam and Gospel in Islam · See more »

Grave

A grave is a location where a dead body (typically that of a human, although sometimes that of an animal) is buried.

New!!: Islam and Grave · See more »

Great Mosque of Djenné

The Great Mosque of Djenné (Grande mosquée de Djenné, الجامع الكبير في جينيه) is a large banco or adobe building that is considered by many architects to be one of the greatest achievements of the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style.

New!!: Islam and Great Mosque of Djenné · See more »

Great Mosque of Kairouan

The Great Mosque of Kairouan (جامع القيروان الأكبر), also known as the Mosque of Uqba (جامع عقبة بن نافع), is a mosque in Tunisia, situated in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Kairouan.

New!!: Islam and Great Mosque of Kairouan · See more »

Great Mosque of Xi'an

The Great Mosque of Xi'an is the largest mosque in China.

New!!: Islam and Great Mosque of Xi'an · See more »

Great Tribulation

In Christian eschatology, the Great Tribulation (θλίψις μεγάλη, thlipsis megalē) is a period mentioned by Jesus in the Olivet discourse as a sign that would occur in the time of the end.

New!!: Islam and Great Tribulation · See more »

Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

New!!: Islam and Greek language · See more »

Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used civil calendar in the world.

New!!: Islam and Gregorian calendar · See more »

Growth of religion

Growth of religion is the spread of religions and the increase of religious adherents around the world.

New!!: Islam and Growth of religion · See more »

Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous United States editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world.

New!!: Islam and Guinness World Records · See more »

Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak (IAST: Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

New!!: Islam and Guru Nanak · See more »

Ha-Mim

Ha-Mim (حا میم.) is the short form of the name Ha-Mim ibn Mann-Allah ibn Harir ibn Umar ibn Rahfu ibn Azerwal ibn Majkasa, also known as Abu Muhammad; he was a member of the Majkasa sub-tribe of the Ghomara Berbers who proclaimed himself a prophet in 925 near Tetouan in Morocco.

New!!: Islam and Ha-Mim · See more »

Hadith

Ḥadīth (or; حديث, pl. Aḥādīth, أحاديث,, also "Traditions") in Islam refers to the record of the words, actions, and the silent approval, of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Hadith · See more »

Hadith of Gabriel

In Sunnī Islām, the Hadith of Gabriel (ḥadīth Jibrīl) is the single most important Hadīth (report on the words and actions of Muhammad), the last prophet of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Hadith of Gabriel · See more »

Hadith studies

Hadith studies (علم الحديث ʻilm al-ḥadīth "knowledge of hadith", also science of hadith, or science of hadith criticism) consist of several religious disciplines used in the study and evaluation of the Islamic hadith — i.e. the record of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by Muslim scholars.

New!!: Islam and Hadith studies · See more »

Hafiz (Quran)

Hafiz (ḥāfiẓ, حُفَّاظ, pl. ḥuffāẓ, حافظة f. ḥāfiẓa), literally meaning "guardian" or "memorizer", depending on the context, is a term used by Muslims for someone who has completely memorized the Qur'an.

New!!: Islam and Hafiz (Quran) · See more »

Haji Bektash Veli

Haji Bektash Veli or Ḥājī Baktāsh Walī (حاجی بکتاش ولی Ḥājī Baktāš Walī; Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli) was an Alevi Muslim mystic, saint, Sayyid, humanist, and philosopher, who lived from 1209 to 1271.

New!!: Islam and Haji Bektash Veli · See more »

Hajj

The Hajj (حَجّ "pilgrimage") is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.

New!!: Islam and Hajj · See more »

Halal

Halal (حلال, "permissible"), also spelled hallal or halaal, refers to what is permissible or lawful in traditional Islamic law.

New!!: Islam and Halal · See more »

Hanafi

The Hanafi (حنفي) school is one of the four religious Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).

New!!: Islam and Hanafi · See more »

Hanbali

The Hanbali school (المذهب الحنبلي) is one of the four traditional Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).

New!!: Islam and Hanbali · See more »

Haram

Haram (حَرَام) is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden".

New!!: Islam and Haram · See more »

Hasan al-Basri

Abū Saʿīd b. Abi ’l-Ḥasan Yasār al-Baṣrī, often referred to as Ḥasan of Basra (Arabic: حسن البصري, Ḥasan al-Baṣrī; 642 - 15 October 728) for short, or reverentially as Imam Ḥasan al-Baṣrī in Sunni Islam, was an early Muslim preacher, ascetic, theologian, exegete, scholar, judge, and mystic.

New!!: Islam and Hasan al-Basri · See more »

Hasan ibn Ali

Al-Ḥasan ibn Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (الحسن ابن علي ابن أبي طالب, 624–670 CE), commonly known as Hasan or Hassan, is the eldest son of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and of Ali, and the older brother to Husayn.

New!!: Islam and Hasan ibn Ali · See more »

Hasan–Muawiya treaty

In 661 CE, after Ali's murder, Hasan ibn Ali attained to the caliphate.

New!!: Islam and Hasan–Muawiya treaty · See more »

Hebrew language

No description.

New!!: Islam and Hebrew language · See more »

Hegira

The Hegira (also called Hijrah, هِجْرَة) is the migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina, in the year 622.

New!!: Islam and Hegira · See more »

Hejaz

The Hejaz (اَلْـحِـجَـاز,, literally "the Barrier"), is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia.

New!!: Islam and Hejaz · See more »

Heliocentrism

Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.

New!!: Islam and Heliocentrism · See more »

Hell

Hell, in many religious and folkloric traditions, is a place of torment and punishment in the afterlife.

New!!: Islam and Hell · See more »

Herbivore

A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.

New!!: Islam and Herbivore · See more »

Heresy

Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, in particular the accepted beliefs of a church or religious organization.

New!!: Islam and Heresy · See more »

Hijab

A hijab (حجاب, or (dialectal)) is a veil worn by some Muslim women in the presence of any male outside of their immediate family, which usually covers the head and chest.

New!!: Islam and Hijab · See more »

Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

New!!: Islam and Hinduism · See more »

Historiography of early Islam

The historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early history of Islam during the 7th century, from Muhammad's first revelations in AD 610 until the disintegration of the Rashidun Caliphate in AD 661, and arguably throughout the 8th century and the duration of the Umayyad Caliphate, terminating in the incipient Islamic Golden Age around the beginning of the 9th century.

New!!: Islam and Historiography of early Islam · See more »

Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire

Many twentieth-century scholars argued that power of the Ottoman Empire began waning after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the empire went into decline, a concept known as the Ottoman Decline Thesis.

New!!: Islam and Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire · See more »

History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the political, social,economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.

New!!: Islam and History of Islam · See more »

Holiest sites in Islam

There are sites, which are mentioned or referred to in the Quran, that are considered holy to Islam.

New!!: Islam and Holiest sites in Islam · See more »

Holy Spirit in Islam

The Holy Spirit (روح القدس, Rūḥ al-Qudus) in the Islamic faith refers to the source of prophetic or divine revelation.

New!!: Islam and Holy Spirit in Islam · See more »

Honorific

An honorific is a title that conveys esteem or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person.

New!!: Islam and Honorific · See more »

Hossein Nasr

Hossein Nasr (سید حسین نصر, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian professor emeritus of Islamic studies at George Washington University, and an Islamic philosopher.

New!!: Islam and Hossein Nasr · See more »

Humility

Humility is the quality of being humble.

New!!: Islam and Humility · See more »

Husayn ibn Ali

Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (الحسين ابن علي ابن أبي طالب; 10 October 625 – 10 October 680) (3 Sha'aban AH 4 (in the ancient (intercalated) Arabic calendar) – 10 Muharram AH 61) (his name is also transliterated as Husayn ibn 'Alī, Husain, Hussain and Hussein), was a grandson of the Islamic ''Nabi'' (نَـبِي, Prophet) Muhammad, and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashid caliph of Sunni Islam), and Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah.

New!!: Islam and Husayn ibn Ali · See more »

Ibadah

Ibadah (عبادة., ‘ibādah, also spelled ibada) is an Arabic word meaning service or servitude.

New!!: Islam and Ibadah · See more »

Ibadi

The Ibāḍī movement, Ibadism or Ibāḍiyya, also known as the Ibadis (الاباضية, al-Ibāḍiyyah), is a school of Islam dominant in Oman.

New!!: Islam and Ibadi · See more »

Iberian Peninsula

The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.

New!!: Islam and Iberian Peninsula · See more »

Ibn al-Haytham

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized Alhazen; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age.

New!!: Islam and Ibn al-Haytham · See more »

Ibn Babawayh

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawaih al-Qummi (Persian: ابو جعفر محمد بن علي بن بابويه القمي; c. 923-991), referred to as Ibn Babawayh or Al-Shaykh al-Saduq (the truthful scholar) was a Persian Shi'ite Islamic scholar whose work, entitled Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih, forms part of The Four Books of the Shi'ite Hadith collection.

New!!: Islam and Ibn Babawayh · See more »

Ibn Kathir

Ismail ibn Kathir (ابن كثير (Abridged name); Abu al-Fida' 'Imad Ad-Din Isma'il bin 'Umar bin Kathir al-Qurashi Al-Busrawi (إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي أبو الفداء عماد الدين) – 1373) was a highly influential historian, exegete and scholar during the Mamluk era in Syria.

New!!: Islam and Ibn Kathir · See more »

Ibn Khaldun International Institute of Advanced Research

The Ibn Khaldun International Institute of Advanced Research (abbreviated ISLAH; formerly known as International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation) is a research and postgraduate institution of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) located at Pesiaran Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin off Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

New!!: Islam and Ibn Khaldun International Institute of Advanced Research · See more »

Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya

Shams al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr ibn Ayyūb al-Zurʿī l-Dimashqī l-Ḥanbalī (1292–1350 CE / 691 AH–751 AH), commonly known as Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya ("The son of the principal of Jawziyyah") or Ibn al-Qayyim ("Son of the principal"; ابن قيم الجوزية) for short, or reverentially as Imam Ibn al-Qayyim in Sunni tradition, was an important medieval Islamic jurisconsult, theologian, and spiritual writer.

New!!: Islam and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya · See more »

Ibn Taymiyyah

Taqī ad-Dīn Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Arabic: تقي الدين أحمد ابن تيمية, January 22, 1263 - September 26, 1328), known as Ibn Taymiyyah for short, was a controversial medieval Sunni Muslim theologian, jurisconsult, logician, and reformer.

New!!: Islam and Ibn Taymiyyah · See more »

Idolatry

Idolatry literally means the worship of an "idol", also known as a cult image, in the form of a physical image, such as a statue or icon.

New!!: Islam and Idolatry · See more »

Ihsan

Ihsan (إحسان ʾiḥsān, also Romanized ehsan), is an Arabic term meaning "perfection" or "excellence" (Ara. husn).

New!!: Islam and Ihsan · See more »

Ijazah

An ijazah (الإِجازَة., "permission", "authorization", "license") is a license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, which is issued by someone already possessing such authority.

New!!: Islam and Ijazah · See more »

Ijma

Ijmāʿ (إجماع) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Muslim scholars basically on religious issues.

New!!: Islam and Ijma · See more »

Ijtihad

Ijtihad (اجتهاد, lit. effort, physical or mental, expended in a particular activity) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.

New!!: Islam and Ijtihad · See more »

Ilah

(إله; plural: آلهة) is an Arabic term meaning "deity" or "god".

New!!: Islam and Ilah · See more »

Imam

Imam (إمام; plural: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.

New!!: Islam and Imam · See more »

Imamate (Twelver doctrine)

Imāmah (اٍمامة) means "leadership" and is a concept in Twelver theology.

New!!: Islam and Imamate (Twelver doctrine) · See more »

Iman (concept)

Iman (إِيمَان ʾīmān, lit. faith or belief) in Islamic theology denotes a believer's faith in the metaphysical aspects of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Iman (concept) · See more »

India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

New!!: Islam and India · See more »

Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.

New!!: Islam and Indiana · See more »

Indiana University Press

Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.

New!!: Islam and Indiana University Press · See more »

Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

New!!: Islam and Indonesia · See more »

Indus River

The Indus River (also called the Sindhū) is one of the longest rivers in Asia.

New!!: Islam and Indus River · See more »

Infobase Publishing

Infobase Publishing is an American publisher of reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets.

New!!: Islam and Infobase Publishing · See more »

Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

New!!: Islam and Iran · See more »

Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.

New!!: Islam and Iranian Revolution · See more »

IRIN

IRIN (formerly Integrated Regional Information Networks) is a news agency focusing on humanitarian stories in regions that are often forgotten, under-reported, misunderstood or ignored.

New!!: Islam and IRIN · See more »

Islam and humanity

Islamic teachings on humanity and human welfare have been codified in its central religious book known as the Quran, which the Muslims believe was revealed by God for the mankind.

New!!: Islam and Islam and humanity · See more »

Islam and other religions

Over the centuries of Islamic history, Muslim rulers, Islamic scholars, and ordinary Muslims have held many different attitudes towards other religions.

New!!: Islam and Islam and other religions · See more »

Islam and violence

Mainstream Islamic law stipulates detailed regulations for the use of violence, including the use of violence within the family or household, the use of corporal and capital punishment, as well as how, when and against whom to wage war.

New!!: Islam and Islam and violence · See more »

Islam by country

Adherents of Islam constitute the world's second largest religious group.

New!!: Islam and Islam by country · See more »

Islam in Asia

Islam began in Asia in the 7th century during the lifetime of Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Islam in Asia · See more »

Islam in Central Asia

Islam in Central Asia has existed since the beginning of Islamic history.

New!!: Islam and Islam in Central Asia · See more »

Islam in China

Islam in China has existed through 1,400 years of continuous interaction with Chinese society.

New!!: Islam and Islam in China · See more »

Islam in Europe

Islam is the second largest religious belief in Europe after Christianity.

New!!: Islam and Islam in Europe · See more »

Islam in Indonesia

Islam is the most adhered to religion in Indonesia, with 87.2% of Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslim in 2010 estimate.

New!!: Islam and Islam in Indonesia · See more »

Islam in Russia

Islam is the second most widely professed religion in Russia, encompassing somewhere between 7% and 15% of all Russians.

New!!: Islam and Islam in Russia · See more »

Islam in the Americas

Islam is a minority religion in all of the countries and territories of the Americas.

New!!: Islam and Islam in the Americas · See more »

Islam in the Philippines

Islam is the oldest recorded monotheistic religion in the Philippines.

New!!: Islam and Islam in the Philippines · See more »

Islam: Empire of Faith

Islam: Empire of Faith is a documentary series, made in 2000, that details the history of Islam, from the birth of the Islamic Prophet, Muhammad to the Ottoman Empire.

New!!: Islam and Islam: Empire of Faith · See more »

Islamic art

Islamic art encompasses the visual arts produced from the 7th century onward by people who lived within the territory that was inhabited by or ruled by culturally Islamic populations.

New!!: Islam and Islamic art · See more »

Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia

The Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia (Malay: Muzium Kesenian Islam Malaysia) was officially opened on 12 December 1998.

New!!: Islam and Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia · See more »

Islamic banking and finance

Islamic banking or Islamic finance (مصرفية إسلامية) or sharia-compliant finance is banking or financing activity that complies with sharia (Islamic law) and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics.

New!!: Islam and Islamic banking and finance · See more »

Islamic calendar

The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days.

New!!: Islam and Islamic calendar · See more »

Islamic culture

Islamic culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe the cultural practices common to historically Islamic people -- i.e., the culture of the Islamicate.

New!!: Islam and Islamic culture · See more »

Islamic economics

Islamic economics (الاقتصاد الإسلامي) is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence (فقه المعاملات, fiqh al-mu'āmalāt).

New!!: Islam and Islamic economics · See more »

Islamic eschatology

Islamic eschatology is the branch of Islamic theology concerning the end of the world, and the "Day of resurrection" after that, known as Yawm al-Qiyāmah (يوم القيامة,, "the Day of Resurrection") or Yawm ad-Dīn (يوم الدين,, "the Day of Judgment").

New!!: Islam and Islamic eschatology · See more »

Islamic ethics

Islamic ethics (أخلاق إسلامية), defined as "good character," historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th century.

New!!: Islam and Islamic ethics · See more »

Islamic funeral

Funerals in Islam (called Janazah in Arabic) follow fairly specific rites, though they are subject to regional interpretation and variation in custom.

New!!: Islam and Islamic funeral · See more »

Islamic Golden Age

The Islamic Golden Age is the era in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 14th century, during which much of the historically Islamic world was ruled by various caliphates, and science, economic development and cultural works flourished.

New!!: Islam and Islamic Golden Age · See more »

Islamic holidays

There are two official holidays in Islam: Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha.

New!!: Islam and Islamic holidays · See more »

Islamic holy books

Islamic holy books are the texts which Muslims believe were authored by Allah via various prophets throughout humanity's history.

New!!: Islam and Islamic holy books · See more »

Islamic hygienical jurisprudence

Islamic hygienical jurisprudence includes a number of regulations involving cleanliness during ''salat'' (obligatory prayer) through Wudu and Ghusl, as well as dietary laws and toilet etiquette for Muslims.

New!!: Islam and Islamic hygienical jurisprudence · See more »

Islamic literature

Islamic literature is literature written with an Islamic perspective, in any language.

New!!: Islam and Islamic literature · See more »

Islamic missionary activity

Dawah, Islamic missionary work, means to "invite" (in Arabic, literally "invitation") to Islam, which is estimated to be the second-largest religion, after Christianity.

New!!: Islam and Islamic missionary activity · See more »

Islamic mythology

Islamic mythology is the body of myths associated with Islam.

New!!: Islam and Islamic mythology · See more »

Islamic poetry

Islamic poetry is poetry written by Muslims.

New!!: Islam and Islamic poetry · See more »

Islamic revival

Islamic revival (تجديد, lit. "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion.

New!!: Islam and Islamic revival · See more »

Islamic schools and branches

This article summarizes the different branches and schools in Islam.

New!!: Islam and Islamic schools and branches · See more »

Islamic state

An Islamic state (دولة إسلامية, dawlah islāmiyyah) is a type of government primarily based on the application of shari'a (Islamic law), dispensation of justice, maintenance of law and order.

New!!: Islam and Islamic state · See more »

Islamic studies

Islamic studies refers to the study of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Islamic studies · See more »

Islamic view of death

Death in Islam is the termination of worldly life and the beginning of afterlife.

New!!: Islam and Islamic view of death · See more »

Islamic views on sin

Sin is an important concept in Islamic ethics.

New!!: Islam and Islamic views on sin · See more »

Islamism

Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts.

New!!: Islam and Islamism · See more »

Isma'ilism

Ismāʿīlism (الإسماعيلية al-Ismāʿīliyya; اسماعیلیان; اسماعيلي; Esmāʿīliyān) is a branch of Shia Islam.

New!!: Islam and Isma'ilism · See more »

Istanbul

Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.

New!!: Islam and Istanbul · See more »

Ja'far al-Sadiq

Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq (جعفر بن محمد الصادق; 700 or 702–765 C.E.), commonly known as Jaʿfar al-Sadiq or simply al-Sadiq (The Truthful), was the sixth Shia Imam and a major figure in the Hanafi and Maliki schools of Sunni jurisprudence.

New!!: Islam and Ja'far al-Sadiq · See more »

Ja'fari jurisprudence

Jaʿfari jurisprudence, (Persian: فقه جعفری) Jaʿfari school of thought, Jaʿfarite School, or Jaʿfari Fiqh is the school of jurisprudence of most Shia Muslims, derived from the name of Ja'far al-Sadiq, the 6th Shia Imam.

New!!: Islam and Ja'fari jurisprudence · See more »

Jahannam

Jahannam (جهنم (etymologically related to Hebrew גיהנום. Gehennom and Greek: γέεννα) refers to an afterlife place of punishment for evildoers. The punishments are carried in accordance with the degree of evil one has done during his life. In Quran, Jahannam is also referred as al-Nar ("The Fire"), Jaheem ("Blazing Fire"), Hatamah ("That which Breaks to Pieces"), Haawiyah ("The Abyss"), Ladthaa, Sa’eer ("The Blaze"), Saqar. and also the names of different gates to hell. Suffering in hell is both physical and spiritual, and varies according to the sins of the condemned. As described in the Quran, Hell has seven levels (each one more severe than the one above it); seven gates (each for a specific group of sinners); a blazing fire, boiling water, and the Tree of Zaqqum. Not all Muslims and scholars agree whether hell is an eternal destination or whether some or even all of the condemned will eventually be forgiven and allowed to enter paradise.

New!!: Islam and Jahannam · See more »

Jama Masjid

Jama Masjid (جَامع مَسجد|Jāma‘ Masjid, also spelt Jame Mosque, Jami Masjid, Jameh Mosque, Jamia Masjid, or Jomeh Mosque) refers to the main mosque of a town, city or village, and is usually the place of gathering for Eid prayers and Friday prayers.

New!!: Islam and Jama Masjid · See more »

Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī

Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī (سید جمال‌‌‌الدین افغانی), also known as Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī (سید جمال‌‌‌الدین اسد‌آبادی) and commonly known as Al-Afghani (1838/1839 – 9 March 1897), was a political activist and Islamic ideologist in the Muslim world during the late 19th century, particularly in the Middle East, South Asia and Europe.

New!!: Islam and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī · See more »

Jannah

Jannah (جنّة; plural: Jannat), lit.

New!!: Islam and Jannah · See more »

Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.

New!!: Islam and Java · See more »

Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

New!!: Islam and Jerusalem · See more »

Jesus in Islam

In Islam, ʿĪsā ibn Maryam (lit), or Jesus, is understood to be the penultimate prophet and messenger of God (Allah) and al-Masih, the Arabic term for Messiah (Christ), sent to guide the Children of Israel with a new revelation: al-Injīl (Arabic for "the gospel").

New!!: Islam and Jesus in Islam · See more »

Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

New!!: Islam and Jews · See more »

Jihad

Jihad (جهاد) is an Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy aim.

New!!: Islam and Jihad · See more »

Jugular vein

The jugular veins are veins that take deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart via the superior vena cava.

New!!: Islam and Jugular vein · See more »

Junayd of Baghdad

Junayd of Baghdad (835-910) was a Persian mystic and one of the most famous of the early Saints of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Junayd of Baghdad · See more »

Justice

Justice is the legal or philosophical theory by which fairness is administered.

New!!: Islam and Justice · See more »

Justice and Development Party (Turkey)

The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi), abbreviated officially AK Parti in Turkish, is a conservative political party in Turkey.

New!!: Islam and Justice and Development Party (Turkey) · See more »

Kaaba

The Kaaba (ٱلْـكَـعْـبَـة, "The Cube"), also referred as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah (ٱلْـكَـعْـبَـة الْـمُـشَـرًّفَـة, the Holy Ka'bah), is a building at the center of Islam's most important mosque, that is Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (ٱلْـمَـسْـجِـد الْـحَـرَام, The Sacred Mosque), in the Hejazi city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

New!!: Islam and Kaaba · See more »

Kafir

Kafir (كافر; plural كَافِرُونَ, كفّار or كَفَرَة; feminine كافرة) is an Arabic term (from the root K-F-R "to cover") meaning "unbeliever", or "disbeliever".

New!!: Islam and Kafir · See more »

Kalam

ʿIlm al-Kalām (عِلْم الكَلام, literally "science of discourse"),Winter, Tim J. "Introduction." Introduction.

New!!: Islam and Kalam · See more »

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.

New!!: Islam and Kazakhstan · See more »

Khatam an-Nabiyyin

Khatam an-Nabiyyin (خاتم النبيين, khātam an-nabīyīn; or Khātim an-Nabīyīn), translated as Seal of the Prophets, is a title used in the Qur'an to designate the prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Khatam an-Nabiyyin · See more »

Khawarij

The Khawarij (الخوارج, al-Khawārij, singular خارجي, khāriji), Kharijites, or the ash-Shurah (ash-Shurāh "the Exchangers") are members of a school of thought, that appeared in the first century of Islam during the First Fitna, the crisis of leadership after the death of Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Khawarij · See more »

Khitan (circumcision)

Khitan (ختان) or Khatna (ختنة) is the term for male circumcision carried out as an Islamic rite by Muslims.

New!!: Islam and Khitan (circumcision) · See more »

Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge ("Red Khmers"; ខ្មែរក្រហម Khmer Kror-Horm) was the name popularly given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.

New!!: Islam and Khmer Rouge · See more »

Kingdom of Aksum

The Kingdom of Aksum (also known as the Kingdom of Axum, or the Aksumite Empire) was an ancient kingdom in what is now northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.

New!!: Islam and Kingdom of Aksum · See more »

Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

New!!: Islam and Kinship · See more »

Kurdistan

Kurdistan (کوردستان; lit. "homeland of the Kurds") or Greater Kurdistan is a roughly defined geo-cultural historical region wherein the Kurdish people form a prominent majority population and Kurdish culture, languages and national identity have historically been based.

New!!: Islam and Kurdistan · See more »

Kutub al-Sittah

The Kutub al-Sittah (lit) are six (originally five) books containing collections of hadith (sayings or acts of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) compiled by six Sunni Muslim scholars in the ninth century CE.

New!!: Islam and Kutub al-Sittah · See more »

Law school

A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction.

New!!: Islam and Law school · See more »

Liberalism and progressivism within Islam

Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have produced a considerable body of liberal thought on the re-interpretation and reform of Islamic understanding and practice.

New!!: Islam and Liberalism and progressivism within Islam · See more »

Library of Congress Country Studies

The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.

New!!: Islam and Library of Congress Country Studies · See more »

List of converts to Islam

The following is an incomplete list of notable people who converted to Islam from a different religion or no religion.

New!!: Islam and List of converts to Islam · See more »

List of mosques in Indonesia

These are lists of mosques in Indonesia, based on.

New!!: Islam and List of mosques in Indonesia · See more »

List of Muslim states and dynasties

This article lists some of the states, empires, or dynasties that were ruled by a Muslim elite, or which were in some way central to or a part of a Muslim empire.

New!!: Islam and List of Muslim states and dynasties · See more »

List of surahs in the Quran

The Quran is divided into surahs (chapters) and further divided into ayat (verses).

New!!: Islam and List of surahs in the Quran · See more »

Lists of Muslims

This page is a list of lists of Muslims in various professions and fields.

New!!: Islam and Lists of Muslims · See more »

Lunar calendar

A lunar calendar is a calendar based upon the monthly cycles of the Moon's phases (synodic months), in contrast to solar calendars, whose annual cycles are based only directly upon the solar year.

New!!: Islam and Lunar calendar · See more »

Ma'ariful-Qur'an

Ma'ariful Qur'an (معارف القرآن) is an eight-volume tafsir (exegesis) of the Quran written by Pakistani Islamic scholar Mufti Muhammad Shafi (1897–1976).

New!!: Islam and Ma'ariful-Qur'an · See more »

Madhhab

A (مذهب,, "way to act"; pl. مذاهب) is a school of thought within fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

New!!: Islam and Madhhab · See more »

Maghreb

The Maghreb (al-Maɣréb lit.), also known as the Berber world, Barbary, Berbery, and Northwest Africa, is a major region of North Africa that consists primarily of the countries Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania.

New!!: Islam and Maghreb · See more »

Mahdavia

Mahdavia (مهدوي. mahdawi) or Mahdavism, is a Mahdiist Muslim sect founded by Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri in India in the late 15th century.

New!!: Islam and Mahdavia · See more »

Mahdi

The Mahdi (مهدي, ISO 233:, literally "guided one") is an eschatological redeemer of Islam who will appear and rule for five, seven, nine or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations)Martin 2004: 421 before the Day of Judgment (literally "the Day of Resurrection") and will rid the world of evil.

New!!: Islam and Mahdi · See more »

Mahr

In Islam, a mahr (in مهر; مهريه; Mehir also transliterated mehr, meher, mehrieh or mahriyeh) is a mandatory payment, in the form of money or possessions paid by the groom, or by groom's father, to the bride at the time of marriage, that legally becomes her property.

New!!: Islam and Mahr · See more »

Major religious groups

The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, although this is by no means a uniform practice.

New!!: Islam and Major religious groups · See more »

Makruh

In Islamic terminology, something which is makruh (Arabic: مكروه, transliterated: makrooh or makrūh) is a disliked or offensive act (literally "detestable" or "abominable").

New!!: Islam and Makruh · See more »

Malay Archipelago

The Malay Archipelago (Malaysian & Indonesian: Kepulauan Melayu/Nusantara, Tagalog: Kapuluang Malay, Visayan: Kapupud-ang Malay) is the archipelago between mainland Indochina and Australia.

New!!: Islam and Malay Archipelago · See more »

Mali

Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa, a region geologically identified with the West African Craton.

New!!: Islam and Mali · See more »

Malik ibn Anas

Mālik b. Anas b. Mālik b. Abī ʿĀmir b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. G̲h̲aymān b. K̲h̲ut̲h̲ayn b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Aṣbaḥī, often referred to as Mālik ibn Anas (Arabic: مالك بن أنس‎; 711–795 CE / 93–179 AH) for short, or reverently as Imam Mālik by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurist, theologian, and hadith traditionist.

New!!: Islam and Malik ibn Anas · See more »

Maliki

The (مالكي) school is one of the four major madhhab of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.

New!!: Islam and Maliki · See more »

Marble

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.

New!!: Islam and Marble · See more »

Marja'

In Shia Islam, marjaʿ (مرجع; plural: marājiʿ), also known as a marjaʿ taqlīd or marjaʿ dīnī (مرجع تقليد / مرجع ديني), literally meaning "source to imitate/follow" or "religious reference", is a title given to the highest level Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and less-credentialed clerics.

New!!: Islam and Marja' · See more »

Marriage in Islam

In Islam, marriage is a legal contract between a man and a woman.

New!!: Islam and Marriage in Islam · See more »

Mathematics in medieval Islam

Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta).

New!!: Islam and Mathematics in medieval Islam · See more »

Mawla

Mawlā (مَوْلًى), plural mawālī (مَوَالِي), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.

New!!: Islam and Mawla · See more »

Mawlawi (Islamic title)

Mawlawi (مولوی; also spelled Maulvi, Moulvi, and Mawlvi) is an honorific Islamic religious title given to Muslim religious scholars or Ulema preceding their names, similar to the titles Maulana, Mullah, or Shaykh.

New!!: Islam and Mawlawi (Islamic title) · See more »

Meaning of life

The meaning of life, or the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general.

New!!: Islam and Meaning of life · See more »

Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة). As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.

New!!: Islam and Mecca · See more »

Meccan boycott of the Hashemites

The Maccan boycott of the Hashemites was a public boycott against the clan of Banu Hashim, declared in 617 by the leaders of Banu Makhzum and Banu Abd-Shams, two important clans of Quraysh.

New!!: Islam and Meccan boycott of the Hashemites · See more »

Medical research

Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) encompasses a wide array of research, extending from "basic research" (also called bench science or bench research), – involving fundamental scientific principles that may apply to a ''preclinical'' understanding – to clinical research, which involves studies of people who may be subjects in clinical trials.

New!!: Islam and Medical research · See more »

Medieval Christian views on Muhammad

During the Early Middle Ages, Christendom largely viewed Islam as a Christological heresy and Muhammad as a false prophet.

New!!: Islam and Medieval Christian views on Muhammad · See more »

Medina

Medina (المدينة المنورة,, "the radiant city"; or المدينة,, "the city"), also transliterated as Madīnah, is a city in the Hejaz region of the Arabian Peninsula and administrative headquarters of the Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia.

New!!: Islam and Medina · See more »

Migration to Abyssinia

The Migration to Abyssinia (الهجرة إلى الحبشة, al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša), also known as the First Hegira (هِجْرَة hijrah), was an episode in the early history of Islam, where Prophet Muhammad's first followers (the Sahabah) fled from the persecution of the ruling Quraysh tribe of Mecca.

New!!: Islam and Migration to Abyssinia · See more »

Minaret

Minaret (مناره, minarə, minare), from منارة, "lighthouse", also known as Goldaste (گلدسته), is a distinctive architectural structure akin to a tower and typically found adjacent to mosques.

New!!: Islam and Minaret · See more »

Minority group

A minority group refers to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, those who hold on to major positions of social power in a society.

New!!: Islam and Minority group · See more »

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

Mirzā Ghulām Ahmad (13 February 1835 – 26 May 1908) was an Indian religious leader and the founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam.

New!!: Islam and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad · See more »

Mishary Rashid Alafasy

Mishary bin Rashid Al-Afasy (in مشاري بن راشد العفاسي), born in Kuwait on September 5, 1976, is an Imam, Preacher, Qari and Nasheed artist.

New!!: Islam and Mishary Rashid Alafasy · See more »

Mizan

Mizan (balance; scale, ميزان) is a comprehensive treatise on the contents of Islam, written by Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, a Pakistani Islamic scholar.

New!!: Islam and Mizan · See more »

Mobilization

Mobilization, in military terminology, is the act of assembling and readying troops and supplies for war.

New!!: Islam and Mobilization · See more »

Modesty

Modesty, sometimes known as demureness, is a mode of dress and deportment which intends to avoid the encouraging of sexual attraction in others.

New!!: Islam and Modesty · See more »

Mohammedan

Mohammedan (also spelled Muhammadan, Mahommedan, Mahomedan or Mahometan) is a term for a follower of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Mohammedan · See more »

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.

New!!: Islam and Mongol Empire · See more »

Monotheism

Monotheism has been defined as the belief in the existence of only one god that created the world, is all-powerful and intervenes in the world.

New!!: Islam and Monotheism · See more »

Moorish Science Temple of America

The Moorish Science Temple of America is an American national and religious organization founded by Noble Drew Ali.

New!!: Islam and Moorish Science Temple of America · See more »

Moral character

Moral character or character is an evaluation of an individual's stable moral qualities.

New!!: Islam and Moral character · See more »

Morality

Morality (from) is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper.

New!!: Islam and Morality · See more »

Morality in Islam

Morality in Islam is a comprehensive term that serves to include the concept of righteousness, good character, and the body of moral qualities and virtues prescribed in Islamic religious texts.

New!!: Islam and Morality in Islam · See more »

Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

New!!: Islam and Morocco · See more »

Moses in Islam

Mûsâ ibn 'Imran (Mūsā) known as Moses in the Hebrew Bible, considered a prophet, messenger, and leader in Islam, is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran.

New!!: Islam and Moses in Islam · See more »

Moshe Sharon

Moshe Sharon (משה שָׁרוֹן; born December 18, 1937) is an Israeli historian of Islam who has been called "Israel's greatest Middle East scholar." He is currently Professor Emeritus of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where he serves as Chair in Bahá'í Studies.

New!!: Islam and Moshe Sharon · See more »

Mosque

A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.

New!!: Islam and Mosque · See more »

Mosque of Muhammad Ali

The Great Mosque of Muhammad Ali Pasha or Alabaster Mosque (Arabic: مسجد محمد علي, Turkish: Mehmet Ali Paşa Camii) is a mosque situated in the Citadel of Cairo in Egypt and commissioned by Muhammad Ali Pasha between 1830 and 1848.

New!!: Islam and Mosque of Muhammad Ali · See more »

MSNBC

MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events.

New!!: Islam and MSNBC · See more »

Muamalat

Muamalat (also muʿāmalāt, معاملات., literally "transactions"TBE, "CHAPTER A1, INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC MUAMALAT", 2012: p.6 or "dealings") is a part of Islamic jurisprudence, or fiqh.

New!!: Islam and Muamalat · See more »

Muawiyah I

Muawiyah I (Muʿāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān; 602 – 26 April 680) established the Umayyad dynasty of the caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan.

New!!: Islam and Muawiyah I · See more »

Mubah

Mubah (Arabic: مباح) is an Arabic word meaning "permitted", which has technical uses in Islamic law.

New!!: Islam and Mubah · See more »

Muʿtazila

Muʿtazila (المعتزلة) is a rationalist school of Islamic theology"", Encyclopaedia Britannica.

New!!: Islam and Muʿtazila · See more »

Mufti

A mufti (مفتي) is an Islamic scholar who interprets and expounds Islamic law (Sharia and fiqh).

New!!: Islam and Mufti · See more »

Muhajirun

Muhajirun (المهاجرون The Emigrants) were the first converts to Islam and the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated with him from Mecca to Medina, the event known in Islam as ''The Hijra''.

New!!: Islam and Muhajirun · See more »

Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad · See more »

Muhammad Abduh

Muḥammad 'Abduh (1849 – 11 July 1905) (also spelled Mohammed Abduh, محمد عبده) was an Egyptian Islamic jurist, religious scholar and liberal reformer, regarded as one of the key founding figures of Islamic Modernism, sometimes called Neo-Mu’tazilism after the medieval Islamic school of theology based on rationalism, Muʿtazila.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad Abduh · See more »

Muhammad al-Bukhari

Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl ibn Ibrāhīm ibn al-Mughīrah ibn Bardizbah al-Ju‘fī al-Bukhārī (أبو عبد الله محمد بن اسماعيل بن ابراهيم بن المغيرة بن بردزبه الجعفي البخاري‎; 19 July 810 – 1 September 870), or Bukhārī (بخاری), commonly referred to as Imam al-Bukhari or Imam Bukhari, was a Persian Islamic scholar who was born in Bukhara (the capital of the Bukhara Region (viloyat) of Uzbekistan).

New!!: Islam and Muhammad al-Bukhari · See more »

Muhammad al-Mahdi

Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdī (محمد بن الحسن المهدي), also known as Imam Zaman (امام زمان), is believed by Twelver Shī‘a Muslims to be the Mahdī, an eschatological redeemer of Islam and ultimate savior of humankind and the final Imām of the Twelve Imams who will emerge with Isa (Jesus Christ) in order to fulfill their mission of bringing peace and justice to the world.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad al-Mahdi · See more »

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (محمد علی جناح ALA-LC:, born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad Ali Jinnah · See more »

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (محمد بن عبد الوهاب; 1703 – 22 June 1792) was a religious leader, theologian and reformer from Najd in central Arabia who founded the movement now called Wahhabism.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab · See more »

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

There is some confusion in the literature on whether al-Khwārizmī's full name is ابو عبد الله محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي or ابو جعفر محمد بن موسی الخوارزمی.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi · See more »

Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni

Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kulayni al-Razi (Persian: شیخ ابوجعفر محمّد بن یعقوب بن اسحاق رازی; c. 250 AH/864 CE - 329 AH/941 CE).

New!!: Islam and Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni · See more »

Muhammad in Mecca

The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born and lived in Mecca for the first 52 years of his life (570–622 A.D.). Orphaned early in life, he became known as a prominent merchant, and as an impartial and trustworthy arbiter of disputes.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad in Mecca · See more »

Muhammad in Medina

The Islamic prophet Muhammad came to Medina following the migration of his followers in what is known as the Hijra (migration to Medina) in 622.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad in Medina · See more »

Muhammad Iqbal

Muhammad Iqbal (محمد اِقبال) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher, and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad Iqbal · See more »

Muhammad Shafi Deobandi

Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (محمد شفیع بن محمد ياسین عثمانی دیوبندی; محمد شفيع بن محمد ياسين العثماني الديوبندي, Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn al-‘Uthmānī ad-Diyūbandī; 25 January 18976 October 1976), often referred to as Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was a South Asian Sunni Islamic scholar of the Deobandi school of Islamic thought.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad Shafi Deobandi · See more »

Muhammad Taqi Usmani

Muhammad Taqi Usmani (محمد تقی عثمانی, Muhammad Taqī ‘Usmāni, born 5 October 1943) (also spelled Uthmani) is a Deobandi Hanafi Islamic scholar from Pakistan.

New!!: Islam and Muhammad Taqi Usmani · See more »

Mullah

Mullah (ملا, Molla, ملا / Mollâ, Molla, মোল্লা) is derived from the Arabic word مَوْلَى mawlā, meaning "vicar", "master" and "guardian".

New!!: Islam and Mullah · See more »

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a term with a range of meanings in the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and in colloquial use.

New!!: Islam and Multiculturalism · See more »

Mumin

Mumin or Momin (مؤمن mū‘min; feminine مؤمنة mū‘mina) is an Arabic Islamic term, frequently referenced in the Quran, meaning "believer".

New!!: Islam and Mumin · See more »

Musa al-Kadhim

Mūsá ibn Ja‘far al-Kāzim (موسى بن جعفر الكاظم), also called Abūl-Hasan, Abū Abd Allah, Abū Ibrāhīm, and al-Kāzim (the one who controls his anger), was the seventh Shiite Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq.

New!!: Islam and Musa al-Kadhim · See more »

Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

New!!: Islam and Muslim · See more »

Muslim Brotherhood

The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون), is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.

New!!: Islam and Muslim Brotherhood · See more »

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī (أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ القشيري النيسابوري; after 815 – May 875) or Muslim Nīshāpūrī (مسلم نیشاپوری), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was a Persian Islamic scholar, particularly known as a muhaddith (scholar of hadith).

New!!: Islam and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj · See more »

Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the unified Islamic community (Ummah), consisting of all those who adhere to the religion of Islam, or to societies where Islam is practiced.

New!!: Islam and Muslim world · See more »

Musta'li

The Musta‘lī (مستعلي) are a sect of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate nineteenth Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah.

New!!: Islam and Musta'li · See more »

Mustahabb

Mustahabb is an Islamic term referring to recommended, favoured or virtuous actions.

New!!: Islam and Mustahabb · See more »

Muwatta Imam Malik

The Muwaṭṭaʾ (الموطأ) of Imam Malik is the earliest written collection of hadith comprising the subjects of Islamic law, compiled and edited by the Imam, Malik ibn Anas.

New!!: Islam and Muwatta Imam Malik · See more »

Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

New!!: Islam and Mysticism · See more »

Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

New!!: Islam and Nader Shah · See more »

Names of God

A number of traditions have lists of many names of God, many of which enumerate the various qualities of a Supreme Being.The English word "God" (and its equivalent in other languages) is used by multiple religions as a noun or name to refer to different deities, or specifically to the Supreme Being, as denoted in English by the capitalized and uncapitalized terms "god" and "God".

New!!: Islam and Names of God · See more »

Names of God in Islam

According to a hadith, there are at least 99 names of God in Islam, known as the (Beautiful Names of God).

New!!: Islam and Names of God in Islam · See more »

Nanjing

Nanjing, formerly romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the capital of Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the East China region, with an administrative area of and a total population of 8,270,500.

New!!: Islam and Nanjing · See more »

Nation of Islam

The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.

New!!: Islam and Nation of Islam · See more »

Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

New!!: Islam and Natural selection · See more »

Neighbourhood

A neighbourhood (British English), or neighborhood (American English; see spelling differences), is a geographically localised community within a larger city, town, suburb or rural area.

New!!: Islam and Neighbourhood · See more »

New Europe (newspaper)

New Europe is a weekly newspaper published in English founded in 1993.

New!!: Islam and New Europe (newspaper) · See more »

New York University Press

New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.

New!!: Islam and New York University Press · See more »

Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik; Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.

New!!: Islam and Nicolaus Copernicus · See more »

Niger

Niger, also called the Niger officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa named after the Niger River.

New!!: Islam and Niger · See more »

Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

New!!: Islam and Nigeria · See more »

Noah in Islam

Nûh ibn Lamech ibn Methuselah (Nūḥ), known as Noah in the Old Testament, is recognized in Islam as a prophet and apostle of God (Arabic). He is an important figure in Islamic tradition, as he is one of the earliest prophets sent by God to mankind.

New!!: Islam and Noah in Islam · See more »

Oath

Traditionally an oath (from Anglo-Saxon āð, also called plight) is either a statement of fact or a promise with wording relating to something considered sacred as a sign of verity.

New!!: Islam and Oath · See more »

Ogg

Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.

New!!: Islam and Ogg · See more »

Omnipotence

Omnipotence is the quality of having unlimited power.

New!!: Islam and Omnipotence · See more »

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; منظمة التعاون الإسلامي; Organisation de la coopération islamique) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries.

New!!: Islam and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation · See more »

Orphan

An orphan (from the ορφανός orphanós) is someone whose parents have died, unknown, or have permanently abandoned them.

New!!: Islam and Orphan · See more »

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

New!!: Islam and Ottoman Empire · See more »

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

New!!: Islam and Oxford University Press · See more »

Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

New!!: Islam and Pakistan · See more »

Participle

A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase, verb, or verb phrase, and plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb.

New!!: Islam and Participle · See more »

Patheos

Patheos is a non-denominational, non-partisan online media company providing information and commentary from various religious and nonreligious perspectives.

New!!: Islam and Patheos · See more »

PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

New!!: Islam and PBS · See more »

People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia, Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë), was a Marxist-Leninist government that ruled Albania from 1946 to 1992.

New!!: Islam and People's Socialist Republic of Albania · See more »

Persecution of Muslims by Meccans

In the early days of Islam at Mecca, the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution.

New!!: Islam and Persecution of Muslims by Meccans · See more »

Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

New!!: Islam and Persian language · See more »

Pew Research Center

The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan American fact tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.

New!!: Islam and Pew Research Center · See more »

Physician

A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.

New!!: Islam and Physician · See more »

Pilgrimage

A pilgrimage is a journey or search of moral or spiritual significance.

New!!: Islam and Pilgrimage · See more »

Place of worship

A place of worship is a specially designed structure or consecrated space where individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study.

New!!: Islam and Place of worship · See more »

Planet

A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.

New!!: Islam and Planet · See more »

Plural

The plural (sometimes abbreviated), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number.

New!!: Islam and Plural · See more »

Po-i-Kalyan

Po-i-Kalan or Poi Kalan (Poi Kalon, پای کلان Pā-i Kalān, which means "The Foot of the Great"), is an Islamic religious complex located around the Kalan minaret in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

New!!: Islam and Po-i-Kalyan · See more »

Political Islam

"Political Islam" is a recently developed term used to label the wide-scale activities of individuals or organizations advocating transformation of the state and entire society according to "Islamic" rules.

New!!: Islam and Political Islam · See more »

Polity

A polity is any kind of political entity.

New!!: Islam and Polity · See more »

Polyandry

Polyandry (from πολυ- poly-, "many" and ἀνήρ anēr, "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.

New!!: Islam and Polyandry · See more »

Polygyny

Polygyny (from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.

New!!: Islam and Polygyny · See more »

Polytheism

Polytheism (from Greek πολυθεϊσμός, polytheismos) is the worship of or belief in multiple deities, which are usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religions and rituals.

New!!: Islam and Polytheism · See more »

Porphyry (geology)

Porphyry is a textural term for an igneous rock consisting of large-grained crystals such as feldspar or quartz dispersed in a fine-grained silicate rich, generally aphanitic matrix or groundmass.

New!!: Islam and Porphyry (geology) · See more »

Pre-Islamic Arabia

Pre-Islamic Arabia refers to the Arabian Peninsula prior to the rise of Islam in the 630s.

New!!: Islam and Pre-Islamic Arabia · See more »

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence otherwise known as Uṣūl al-fiqh (أصول الفقه) is the study and critical analysis of the origins, sources, and principles upon which Islamic jurisprudence is based.

New!!: Islam and Principles of Islamic jurisprudence · See more »

Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks".

New!!: Islam and Project Gutenberg · See more »

Prophetic biography

In Islam, Al-sīra al-Nabawiyya (Prophetic biography), Sīrat Rasūl Allāh (Life of the Messenger of God), or just Al-sīra are the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and trustable Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.

New!!: Islam and Prophetic biography · See more »

Prophets and messengers in Islam

Prophets in Islam (الأنبياء في الإسلام) include "messengers" (rasul, pl. rusul), bringers of a divine revelation via an angel (Arabic: ملائكة, malāʾikah);Shaatri, A. I. (2007).

New!!: Islam and Prophets and messengers in Islam · See more »

Public hospital

A public hospital or government hospital is a hospital which is owned by a government and receives government funding.

New!!: Islam and Public hospital · See more »

Punjab

The Punjab, also spelled Panjab (land of "five rivers"; Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.

New!!: Islam and Punjab · See more »

Qadi

A qadi (قاضي; also cadi, kadi or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of the Shariʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions, such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.

New!!: Islam and Qadi · See more »

Qarmatians

The Qarmatians (قرامطة Qarāmita; also transliterated Carmathians, Qarmathians, Karmathians) were a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam that combined elements of Zoroastrianism.

New!!: Islam and Qarmatians · See more »

Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr

Al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (قاسم بن محمد) (born 36 or 38 AH; died 106 AH or 108 AH (corresponding to 660/662 and 728/730 AD)The Four Imams by Muhammad Abu Zahrah) was an important jurist in early Islam.

New!!: Islam and Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr · See more »

Qira'at

In Islam, Qira'at, which means literally the readings, terminologically means the method of recitation.

New!!: Islam and Qira'at · See more »

Qiyamah

In Islam, Qiyamah (lit) is the belief in the resurrection of the people on the Day of Judgment, whether Muslim or not.

New!!: Islam and Qiyamah · See more »

Qiyas

In Islamic jurisprudence, qiyās (قياس) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the Hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Qur'an, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction.

New!!: Islam and Qiyas · See more »

Quantification (science)

In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantities.

New!!: Islam and Quantification (science) · See more »

Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

New!!: Islam and Quran · See more »

Quranism

Quranism (القرآنية; al-Qur'āniyya) describes any form of Islam that accepts the Qur'an as the only sacred text through which Allah revealed himself to mankind, but rejects the religious authority, reliability, and/or authenticity of the Hadith collections.

New!!: Islam and Quranism · See more »

Ramadan

Ramadan (رمضان,;In Arabic phonology, it can be, depending on the region. also known as Ramazan, romanized as Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.

New!!: Islam and Ramadan · See more »

Rashidun

The Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; الخلفاء الراشدون), often simply called, collectively, "the Rashidun", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate.

New!!: Islam and Rashidun · See more »

Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate (اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ) (632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Rashidun Caliphate · See more »

Reconquista

The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.

New!!: Islam and Reconquista · See more »

Red Guards

Red Guards were a student mass paramilitary social movement mobilized by Mao Zedong in 1966 and 1967, during the Cultural Revolution.

New!!: Islam and Red Guards · See more »

Religious conversion

Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others.

New!!: Islam and Religious conversion · See more »

Religious law

Religious law refers to ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions.

New!!: Islam and Religious law · See more »

Religious offense

Religious offense means any action which offends religious sensibilities and arouses serious negative emotions in people with strong belief and which is usually associated with an orthodox response to, or correction of, sin.

New!!: Islam and Religious offense · See more »

Republic of Macedonia

Macedonia (translit), officially the Republic of Macedonia, is a country in the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

New!!: Islam and Republic of Macedonia · See more »

Resurrection of the dead

Resurrection of the dead, or resurrection from the dead (Koine: ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν, anastasis nekron; literally: "standing up again of the dead"; is a term frequently used in the New Testament and in the writings and doctrine and theology in other religions to describe an event by which a person, or people are resurrected (brought back to life). In the New Testament of the Christian Bible, the three common usages for this term pertain to (1) the Christ, rising from the dead; (2) the rising from the dead of all men, at the end of this present age and (3) the resurrection of certain ones in history, who were restored to life. Predominantly in Christian eschatology, the term is used to support the belief that the dead will be brought back to life in connection with end times. Various other forms of this concept can also be found in other eschatologies, namely: Islamic, Jewish and Zoroastrian eschatology. In some Neopagan views, this refers to reincarnation between the three realms: Life, Death, and the Realm of the Divine; e.g.: Christopaganism. See Christianity and Neopaganism.

New!!: Islam and Resurrection of the dead · See more »

Revelation

In religion and theology, revelation is the revealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity or other supernatural entity or entities.

New!!: Islam and Revelation · See more »

Riba

Riba (ربا,الربا، الربٰوة) can be roughly translated as "usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law.

New!!: Islam and Riba · See more »

Ridda wars

The Ridda Wars (Arabic: حروب الردة), also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633, just after Muhammad died.

New!!: Islam and Ridda wars · See more »

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

New!!: Islam and Routledge · See more »

Rumi

Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī (جلال‌الدین محمد رومی), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (جلال‌الدین محمد بلخى), Mevlânâ/Mawlānā (مولانا, "our master"), Mevlevî/Mawlawī (مولوی, "my master"), and more popularly simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century PersianRitter, H.; Bausani, A. "ḎJ̲alāl al-Dīn Rūmī b. Bahāʾ al-Dīn Sulṭān al-ʿulamāʾ Walad b. Ḥusayn b. Aḥmad Ḵh̲aṭībī." Encyclopaedia of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Rumi · See more »

Sabr

Sabr (ṣabr) is "endurance" or more accurately "perseverance" and "persistence".

New!!: Islam and Sabr · See more »

Sacerdotalism

Sacerdotalism is the belief that propitiatory sacrifices for sin require the intervention of a priest.

New!!: Islam and Sacerdotalism · See more »

Sadaqah

or Sadaka (صدقة,, "charity", "benevolence", plural صدقات) in the modern context has come to signify "voluntary charity".

New!!: Islam and Sadaqah · See more »

Safa and Marwa

Safa (Aṣ-Ṣafā) and Marwa (Al-Marwah) are two small hills now located in the Great Mosque of Mecca in Saudi Arabia named the Kabbah.

New!!: Islam and Safa and Marwa · See more »

Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam

The Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam took place roughly over the 16th through 18th centuries and made Iran the spiritual bastion of Shia Islam.

New!!: Islam and Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam · See more »

Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

New!!: Islam and Safavid dynasty · See more »

Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri

Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri (6 June 1943 – 1 December 2006) was an Indian writer.

New!!: Islam and Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri · See more »

SAGE Publications

SAGE Publishing is an independent publishing company founded in 1965 in New York by Sara Miller McCune and now based in California.

New!!: Islam and SAGE Publications · See more »

Sahabah

The term (الصحابة meaning "the companions", from the verb صَحِبَ meaning "accompany", "keep company with", "associate with") refers to the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Sahabah · See more »

Sahih al-Bukhari

Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī (صحيح البخاري.), also known as Bukhari Sharif (بخاري شريف), is one of the Kutub al-Sittah (six major hadith collections) of Sunni Islam.

New!!: Islam and Sahih al-Bukhari · See more »

Salaf

Salaf (سلف, "ancestors" or "predecessors"), also often referred to with the honorific expression of "al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ" (السلف الصالح, "the pious predecessors") are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims, that is the generations of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and his companions (the Sahabah), their successors (the Tabi‘un), and the successors of the successors (the Taba Tabi‘in).

New!!: Islam and Salaf · See more »

Salafi movement

The Salafi movement or Salafist movement or Salafism is a reform branch or revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that developed in Egypt in the late 19th century as a response to European imperialism.

New!!: Islam and Salafi movement · See more »

Salah

Salah ("worship",; pl.; also salat), or namāz (نَماز) in some languages, is one of the Five Pillars in the faith of Islam and an obligatory religious duty for every Muslim.

New!!: Islam and Salah · See more »

Salat al-Janazah

Ṣalāt al-Janāzah (صلاة الجنازة) is the Islamic funeral prayer; a part of the Islamic funeral ritual.

New!!: Islam and Salat al-Janazah · See more »

San Diego State University

San Diego State University (SDSU) is a public research university in San Diego, California, and is the largest and oldest higher education institution in San Diego County.

New!!: Islam and San Diego State University · See more »

Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

New!!: Islam and Sasanian Empire · See more »

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

New!!: Islam and Saudi Arabia · See more »

Schools of Islamic theology

Schools of Islamic theology are various Islamic schools and branches in different schools of thought regarding aqidah (creed).

New!!: Islam and Schools of Islamic theology · See more »

Science in the medieval Islamic world

Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids in Persia, the Abbasid Caliphate and beyond, spanning the period c. 800 to 1250.

New!!: Islam and Science in the medieval Islamic world · See more »

Scientific foreknowledge in sacred texts

Scientific foreknowledge in sacred texts is the belief that certain sacred texts document an awareness of the natural world that was later discovered by technology and science.

New!!: Islam and Scientific foreknowledge in sacred texts · See more »

Scientific method

Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

New!!: Islam and Scientific method · See more »

Season

A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight.

New!!: Islam and Season · See more »

Second Fitna

The Second Fitna was a period of general political and military disorder that afflicted the Islamic empire during the early Umayyad dynasty, following the death of the first Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I. Historians date its start variously as 680 AD and its end as being somewhere between 685 and 692.

New!!: Islam and Second Fitna · See more »

Secularism

Secularism is the principle of the separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institution and religious dignitaries (the attainment of such is termed secularity).

New!!: Islam and Secularism · See more »

Self-help

Self-help or self-improvement is a self-guided improvementAPA Dictionary of Physicology, 1st ed., Gary R. VandenBos, ed., Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007.

New!!: Islam and Self-help · See more »

Semitic root

The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).

New!!: Islam and Semitic root · See more »

Senegal

Senegal (Sénégal), officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa.

New!!: Islam and Senegal · See more »

Shafi‘i

The Shafi‘i (شافعي, alternative spelling Shafei) madhhab is one of the four schools of Islamic law in Sunni Islam.

New!!: Islam and Shafi‘i · See more »

Shahada

The Shahada (الشهادة,"the testimony").

New!!: Islam and Shahada · See more »

Sharia

Sharia, Sharia law, or Islamic law (شريعة) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition.

New!!: Islam and Sharia · See more »

Shawwal

Shawwāl (شوّال) is the tenth month of the lunar Islamic calendar.

New!!: Islam and Shawwal · See more »

Sheikh

Sheikh (pronounced, or; شيخ, mostly pronounced, plural شيوخ)—also transliterated Sheik, Shykh, Shaik, Shayk, Shaykh, Cheikh, Shekh, and Shaikh—is an honorific title in the Arabic language.

New!!: Islam and Sheikh · See more »

Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir

Shaykh ‘Adī ibn Musāfir al-Umawī (عدي بن مسافر الاموي Şêx Adî, died 1162) was a Yazidi who claimed descent from the Arabian Umayyad Caliph Marwan ibn al-Hakam, he was born in the 1070s in the Beqaa Valley of present-day Lebanon.

New!!: Islam and Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir · See more »

Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

New!!: Islam and Shia Islam · See more »

Shiraz

Shiraz (fa, Šīrāz) is the fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars Province (Old Persian as Pars).

New!!: Islam and Shiraz · See more »

Shirk (Islam)

In Islam, shirk (شرك širk) is the sin of practicing idolatry or polytheism, i.e. the deification or worship of anyone or anything besides the singular God, i.e. Allah.

New!!: Islam and Shirk (Islam) · See more »

Sikhism

Sikhism (ਸਿੱਖੀ), or Sikhi,, from Sikh, meaning a "disciple", or a "learner"), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions, and the fifth-largest. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them (20 million) living in Punjab, the Sikh homeland in northwest India, and about 2 million living in neighboring Indian states, formerly part of the Punjab. Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru (1469–1539), and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs.Louis Fenech and WH McLeod (2014),, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield,, pages 17, 84-85William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press,, pages 241–242 Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. The Sikh scripture opens with Ik Onkar (ੴ), its Mul Mantar and fundamental prayer about One Supreme Being (God). Sikhism emphasizes simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life., page.

New!!: Islam and Sikhism · See more »

Sindh

Sindh (سنڌ; سِندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.

New!!: Islam and Sindh · See more »

Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

New!!: Islam and Song dynasty · See more »

Soul

In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.

New!!: Islam and Soul · See more »

Sources of sharia

Various sources of sharia are used by Islamic jurisprudence to elucidate the body of Islamic law.

New!!: Islam and Sources of sharia · See more »

Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

New!!: Islam and Southeast Asia · See more »

Spread of Islam

Early Muslim conquests in the years following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by missionary activities, particularly those of Imams, who intermingled with local populations to propagate the religious teachings.

New!!: Islam and Spread of Islam · See more »

Status (law)

Legal status is the position held by something or someone with regard to law.

New!!: Islam and Status (law) · See more »

Stoning of the Devil

The Stoning of the Devil (رمي الجمرات, "stoning of the ") is part of the annual Islamic Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

New!!: Islam and Stoning of the Devil · See more »

Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

New!!: Islam and Sub-Saharan Africa · See more »

Sufi–Salafi relations

The relationship between Salafism and Sufis – two movements of Sunni Islam with different interpretations of Islam – is historically diverse and reflects some of the changes and conflicts in the Muslim world today.

New!!: Islam and Sufi–Salafi relations · See more »

Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

New!!: Islam and Sufism · See more »

Sunnah

Sunnah ((also sunna) سنة,, plural سنن) is the body of traditional social and legal custom and practice of the Islamic community, based on the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as various reports about Muhammad's companions.

New!!: Islam and Sunnah · See more »

Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Sunni Islam · See more »

Surah

A Surah (also spelled Sura; سورة, plural سور suwar) is the term for a chapter of the Quran.

New!!: Islam and Surah · See more »

Syed Nomanul Haq

Syed Nomanul Haq (Nu'man al-Haqq) (سید نعمان الحق; born February 15, 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an international Pakistani scholar and intellectual historian noted especially for his contributions to the fields of Islamic history and Islamic philosophy.

New!!: Islam and Syed Nomanul Haq · See more »

Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in

Tābi‘ al-Tābi‘un (تابع التابعين) is the generation after the Tabi‘un in Islam.

New!!: Islam and Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in · See more »

Tabi‘un

The Tābi‘un (التابعون, also Tābi‘een التابعين, singular tābi التابع), "followers" or "successors", are the generation of Muslims who followed the Sahaba ("companions" of the Islamic prophet Muhammad), and thus received Muhammad's teachings second hand.

New!!: Islam and Tabi‘un · See more »

Tafsir

Tafsir (lit) is the Arabic word for exegesis, usually of the Qur'an.

New!!: Islam and Tafsir · See more »

Tafsir al-Tabari

Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl āy al-Qurʾān (also written with fī in place of ʿan), popularly Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī (تفسير الطبري), is a Sunni tafsir by the Persian scholar Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923).

New!!: Islam and Tafsir al-Tabari · See more »

Tahrif

(تحريف, "distortion, alteration") is an Arabic term used by Muslims for the alterations which Islamic tradition claims Jews and Christians have made to the revealed books, specifically those that make up the Tawrat (or Torah), Zabur (possibly Psalms) and Injil (or Gospel).

New!!: Islam and Tahrif · See more »

Taifa

In the history of the Iberian Peninsula, a taifa (from طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if) was an independent Muslim-ruled principality, of which a number were formed in Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) after the final collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031.

New!!: Islam and Taifa · See more »

Tajwid

Tajweed (تجويد,, meaning "elocution"), sometimes rendered as tajwid, refers to the rules governing pronunciation during recitation of the Quran.

New!!: Islam and Tajwid · See more »

Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi (Arabic: تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي, Turkish: Takiyüddin or Taki) (1526–1585) was an Ottoman polymath active in Constantinople.

New!!: Islam and Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf · See more »

Taqlid

Taqlid or taqleed (Arabic تَقْليد taqlīd) is an Islamic terminology denoting the conformity of one person to the teaching of another.

New!!: Islam and Taqlid · See more »

Taqwa

Taqwa (تقوى /) is an Islamic term for being conscious and cognizant of Allah, of truth, of the rational reality, "piety, fear of God".

New!!: Islam and Taqwa · See more »

Tariqa

A tariqa (or tariqah; طريقة) is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking Haqiqa, which translates as "ultimate truth".

New!!: Islam and Tariqa · See more »

Tatbir

Tatbir (تطبير), also known as Talwar zani and Qama Zani in Iran and South Asia, is an act of mourning by some of Shia Muslims for the younger grandson of Muhammad, Husayn ibn Ali, who was killed along with his children, companions and near relatives at the Battle of Karbala by the Umayyad Caliph Yazid I. Tatbir is a contested issue among Shia.

New!!: Islam and Tatbir · See more »

Tawhid

Tawhid (توحيد, meaning "oneness " also romanized as tawheed, touheed, or tevhid) is the indivisible oneness concept of monotheism in Islam.

New!!: Islam and Tawhid · See more »

The Book of Healing

The Book of Healing (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitāb al-Šifāʾ, Latin: Sufficientia) is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by Abū Alī ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) from ancient Persia, near Bukhara in Greater Khorasan.

New!!: Islam and The Book of Healing · See more »

The Canon of Medicine

The Canon of Medicine (القانون في الطب al-Qānūn fī al-Ṭibb) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Persian philosopher Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and completed in 1025.

New!!: Islam and The Canon of Medicine · See more »

The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

New!!: Islam and The Economist · See more »

The Four Books

The Four Books (al-Kutub al-Arbaʿah), or The Four Principles (al-Uṣūl al-Arbaʿah), is a Twelver Shia term referring to their four best-known ''hadith'' collections: Shi'a Muslims use different books of hadith from those in Sunni Six major Hadith collections.

New!!: Islam and The Four Books · See more »

The New York Review of Books

The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.

New!!: Islam and The New York Review of Books · See more »

The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

New!!: Islam and The New York Times · See more »

The Oxford Dictionary of Islam

The Oxford Dictionary of Islam is a dictionary of Islam, published by the Oxford University Press, with John Esposito as editor-in-chief.

New!!: Islam and The Oxford Dictionary of Islam · See more »

The Seven Fuqaha of Medina

The Seven Fuqaha of Medina is the title of seven Muslim scholars who were the largest contributors as to the transmission of hadith and making of fatwas in Medina during the 2nd century AH.

New!!: Islam and The Seven Fuqaha of Medina · See more »

The World Factbook

The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.

New!!: Islam and The World Factbook · See more »

Theocracy

Theocracy is a form of government in which a deity is the source from which all authority derives.

New!!: Islam and Theocracy · See more »

Theology

Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.

New!!: Islam and Theology · See more »

Timeline of Islamic history

This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Timeline of Islamic history · See more »

Torah

Torah (תּוֹרָה, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") has a range of meanings.

New!!: Islam and Torah · See more »

Torah in Islam

Tawrat (also Tawrah or Taurat; توراة) is the Arabic word for the Torah.

New!!: Islam and Torah in Islam · See more »

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (Arabic: صلح الحديبية) was an important event that took place during the formation of Islam.

New!!: Islam and Treaty of Hudaybiyyah · See more »

Tribes of Arabia

The tribes of Arabia are the clans that originated in the Arabian Peninsula.

New!!: Islam and Tribes of Arabia · See more »

Trinity

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from Greek τριάς and τριάδα, from "threefold") holds that God is one but three coeternal consubstantial persons or hypostases—the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit—as "one God in three Divine Persons".

New!!: Islam and Trinity · See more »

Trust law

A trust is a three-party fiduciary relationship in which the first party, the trustor or settlor, transfers ("settles") a property (often but not necessarily a sum of money) upon the second party (the trustee) for the benefit of the third party, the beneficiary.

New!!: Islam and Trust law · See more »

Tunisia

Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.

New!!: Islam and Tunisia · See more »

Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

New!!: Islam and Turkey · See more »

Turkish language

Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).

New!!: Islam and Turkish language · See more »

Twelver

Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازده‌امامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.

New!!: Islam and Twelver · See more »

U.S. News & World Report

U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.

New!!: Islam and U.S. News & World Report · See more »

Ulama

The Arabic term ulama (علماء., singular عالِم, "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah and uluma), according to the Encyclopedia of Islam (2000), in its original meaning "denotes scholars of almost all disciplines".

New!!: Islam and Ulama · See more »

Umar

Umar, also spelled Omar (عمر بن الخطاب, "Umar, Son of Al-Khattab"; c. 584 CE 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history.

New!!: Islam and Umar · See more »

Umar II

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz or Omar ibn Abd al-Aziz (2 November 682 (26th Safar, 63 AH) – February 720 (16th Rajab, 101 AH)) (ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 717 to 720.

New!!: Islam and Umar II · See more »

Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.

New!!: Islam and Umayyad Caliphate · See more »

Umbrella term

An umbrella term is a word or phrase that covers a wide range of concepts belonging to a common category.

New!!: Islam and Umbrella term · See more »

Ummah

(أمة) is an Arabic word meaning "community".

New!!: Islam and Ummah · See more »

Umrah

The ʿUmrah (عُمرَة) is an Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Hijaz, Saudi Arabia, performed by Muslims that can be undertaken at any time of the year, in contrast to the Ḥajj (حَـجّ) which has specific dates according to the Islamic lunar calendar.

New!!: Islam and Umrah · See more »

United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

New!!: Islam and United States · See more »

University of Al Quaraouiyine

The University of al-Qarawiyyin, also written Al Quaraouiyine or Al-Karaouine (Université Al Quaraouiyine), is a university located in Fez, Morocco.

New!!: Islam and University of Al Quaraouiyine · See more »

Urdu

Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.

New!!: Islam and Urdu · See more »

Usury

Usury is, as defined today, the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans that unfairly enrich the lender.

New!!: Islam and Usury · See more »

Uthman

Uthman ibn Affan (ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān), also known in English by the Turkish and Persian rendering, Osman (579 – 17 June 656), was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the third of the Rashidun, or "Rightly Guided Caliphs".

New!!: Islam and Uthman · See more »

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially also the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked Central Asian Sovereign state.

New!!: Islam and Uzbekistan · See more »

Visual arts

The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.

New!!: Islam and Visual arts · See more »

Volga Bulgaria

Volga Bulgaria (Идел буе Болгар дәүләте, Атӑлҫи Пӑлхар), or Volga–Kama Bulghar, was a historic Bulgar state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, in what is now European Russia.

New!!: Islam and Volga Bulgaria · See more »

Wahhabism

Wahhabism (الوهابية) is an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.

New!!: Islam and Wahhabism · See more »

Waqf

A waqf (وقف), also known as habous or mortmain property, is an inalienable charitable endowment under Islamic law, which typically involves donating a building, plot of land or other assets for Muslim religious or charitable purposes with no intention of reclaiming the assets.

New!!: Islam and Waqf · See more »

Women in Islam

The experiences of Muslim women (Muslimāt, singular مسلمة Muslima) vary widely between and within different societies.

New!!: Islam and Women in Islam · See more »

Women's rights

Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.

New!!: Islam and Women's rights · See more »

World Values Survey

The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global research project that explores people’s values and beliefs, how they change over time and what social and political impact they have.

New!!: Islam and World Values Survey · See more »

World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

New!!: Islam and World War I · See more »

Worship

Worship is an act of religious devotion usually directed towards a deity.

New!!: Islam and Worship · See more »

Xi'an

Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.

New!!: Islam and Xi'an · See more »

Yazdânism

Yazdânism, or the Cult of Angels, is a pre-Islamic, native religion of the Kurds.

New!!: Islam and Yazdânism · See more »

Yazid I

Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiya (يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان.; 64711 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad caliphate (and the first one through inheritance).

New!!: Islam and Yazid I · See more »

Zaidiyyah

Zaidiyyah or Zaidism (الزيدية az-zaydiyya, adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is one of the Shia sects closest in terms of theology to Hanafi Sunni Islam.

New!!: Islam and Zaidiyyah · See more »

Zakat

Zakat (زكاة., "that which purifies", also Zakat al-mal زكاة المال, "zakat on wealth", or Zakah) is a form of alms-giving treated in Islam as a religious obligation or tax, which, by Quranic ranking, is next after prayer (salat) in importance.

New!!: Islam and Zakat · See more »

Zayd ibn Ali

Zayd ibn 'Alī (زيد بن علي, also spelled Zaid, Zayyed; 695–740) was the grandson of Husayn ibn Ali, and great-grandson of Ali.

New!!: Islam and Zayd ibn Ali · See more »

Redirects here:

Al Islam, Al-'islām, Al-Islam, Dietary Laws In Islam, Followers of the Prophet Muhammed, ISLAM, IsLam, Isalm, Islaam, Islaamic, Islam (Concept), Islam (religion), Islam faith, Islam religion, Islam today, Islami, Islamic, Islamic faith, Islamic religion, Islamick, Islām, Muhammadry, Muslim religion, Musulman religion, Pre-modern Islamic societies, Submission to God, Sulh-e-Kul, The Religion of Islam, What is islam, Īslam, إسلام, ئیسلام, الإسلام.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam

OutgoingIncoming
Hey! We are on Facebook now! »